Nutrition and Alcohol: Linking Nutrient Interactions and Dietary Intake

467 Pages·2003·3.38 MB·English

by  Ronald R. Watson

NUTRITION and ALCOHOL
Linking Nutrient Interactions and Dietary Intake

NUTRITION and ALCOHOL
Linking Nutrient Interactions and Dietary Intake
Edited by
Ronald Ross Watson
Victor R.Preedy

CRC PRESS
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This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Nutrition and alcohol: linking nutrient interactions and dietary intake /edited by Ronald R.Watson
and Victor R.Preedy p.; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8493-1680-4
(alk. paper) 1. Alcohol—Nutritional aspects. 2. Alchoholism—Pathophysiology. 3. Drug-nutrient
interactions [DNLM: 1. Ethanol—metabolism. 2. Ethanol—pharmacology. 3. Alcohol-Induced
disorders—physiopathology. 4. Alcoholic Beverages—adverse effects. 5. Food-Drug Interactions.
6. Nutrition—physiology. QV 84 N976 2003] I. Watson, Ronald R. (Ronald Ross) II. Preedy,
Victor R. III. Title. RC565.N874 2003 616.86′1–dc22 2003060241
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Library of Congress Card Number 2003060241
Preface

Humankind has had a complex relationship with alcohol from the beginning of recorded
history. In most societies, some level of alcohol consumption is acceptable. In the United
States, about 60% of high school students use alcohol. Alcohol-altered nutrition directly
affects 10 million alcohol-abusing adults. It costs people in the United States more than
$250 billion in health care, lost work, etc. Alcohol research is in a golden era. With more
powerful tools for data collection and analysis and increased funding, the epidemiology
of alcohol consumption, dietary consequences, role of nutrition in treatment of alcohol’s
pathology, and alcohol-related health issues are being better elucidated.
Chronic alcohol use is associated with heart, liver, brain, and other organ pathology.
Alcohol is a drug of abuse and a caloric food. It causes poorer intake and absorption of
nutrients, thus playing a major role in many aspects of clinical consequences. Alcohol use
lowers consumption of fruit and vegetables, lowers tissue nutrients, and, in some cases,
requires nutritional therapy by clinicians.
Nutrition and Alcohol: Linking Nutrient Interactions and Dietary Intake helps to
define the causes and types of nutritional changes due to alcohol use and how nutrition
can be used to ameliorate its consequences. Chapters deal with application of current
nutritional knowledge by physicians and dietitians. An intimate, detailed knowledge of
the effects of alcohol on the biochemical reactions and nutritional changes is critical in
preventing or treating biomedical consequences.
Specific areas involving alcohol-related damage due to nutritional changes are
reviewed. These include heart disease, obesity, digestive tract cancers, lactation, brain
function, and liver disease. In addition, alcohol’s effects on absorption of minerals and
nutrients, a key role in causing damage, are treated. Diet is an important factor in
modifying alcohol and its metabolite damage, or sometimes in enhancing them. Finally,
efforts to explain alcohol’s damage in addition to nutrient absorption and utilization
include its role in peroxidation, methyl transfer, and production of acetaldehyde.
The book will become a desk reference for alcohol therapists and researchers as well
as primary care physicians and dietitians. These professionals frequently need
information on the nutritional effects of alcohol as well as the role of nutritional
supplementation and diet in the therapy of alcohol pathology. The research progress over
the past decade since the first book, Nutrition and Alcohol, edited by Dr. Ronald Watson
in 1992, encourages us to summarize and evaluate in detail advances in understanding
changes in nutritional biochemistry and physiology caused by ethanol (alcoholic
beverages). It will assist the clinician, student, and dietitian to comprehend the complex
changes caused by direct and indirect effects of ethanol at the cellular level via its
nutritional modification. This book will stimulate research while educating health-
oriented laypersons as well as scientists and health-care professionals.

About the Editors

Ronald Ross Watson, Ph.D., has edited 54 biomedical books. He directs several NIH-
funded biomedical grants relating to the causes of heart disease and has studied the
importance of fats in the diet for 20 years. His model studies have used both deficiency
and excess. He is an internationally recognized nutritionist and immunologist, and
recently edited two books on heart disease: Alcohol and Heart Disease (2002) and AIDS
and Heart Disease (2002). He has contributed several chapters to this book, using
research from his four NIH grants given by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
to study cardiovascular disease. He also initiated and directed the National Institute of
Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) Alcohol Research Center at the University of
Arizona College of Medicine where the main goal was to understand the role of ethanol-
induced immunosuppression on immune function and disease resistance in animals. Dr.
Watson attended the University of Idaho but graduated from Brigham Young University
in Provo, Utah, with a degree in chemistry in 1966. He completed his Ph.D. degree in
1971 in biochemistry from Michigan State University. His postdoctoral schooling was
completed at the Harvard School of Public Health in Nutrition and Microbiology, which
included 2 years of postdoctoral research experience in immunology. Dr. Watson is a
member of several national and international nutrition, immunology, and cancer societies
and research societies on alcoholism.
Victor R.Preedy, Ph.D., D.Sc., F.R.C. Path., is a professor in the Department of
Nutrition and Dietetics, King’s College, London. He directs studies regarding protein
turnover, cardiology, nutrition, and, in particular, the biochemical aspects of alcoholism.
Dr. Preedy graduated in 1974 from the University of Aston with a combined honors
degree in biology and physiology with pharmacology. He received his Ph.D. in 1981 in
the field of nutrition and metabolism, specializing in protein turnover. In 1992, he
received his membership in the Royal College of Pathologists, based on his published
works, and in 1993 a D.Sc. degree for his outstanding contribution to the study of
proteins and metabolism. At the time, he was one of Aston University’s youngest
recipients of this distinguished award. Dr. Preedy was elected a fellow of the Royal
College of Pathologists in 2000. He has published more than 450 articles, which include
more than 135 peer-reviewed manuscripts based on original research, and 70 reviews. His
current major research interests include the role of alcohol in enteral nutrition, and the
molecular mechanisms responsible for alcoholic muscle damage.