Table Of ContentNUMERICALSIMULATIONOFNON-ENERGETICREACTIVEARMORS
ATHESISSUBMITTEDTO
THEGRADUATESCHOOLOFNATURALANDAPPLIEDSCIENCES
OF
MIDDLEEASTTECHNICALUNIVERSITY
BY
MERTCANKURT
INPARTIALFULFILLMENTOFTHEREQUIREMENTS
FOR
THEDEGREEOFMASTEROFSCIENCE
IN
AEROSPACEENGINEERING
JANUARY2017
Approvalofthethesis:
NUMERICALSIMULATIONOFNON-ENERGETICREACTIVEARMORS
submitted by MERT CAN KURT in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
degreeofMasterofScience inAerospaceEngineering Department, MiddleEast
TechnicalUniversityby,
Prof. Dr. GülbinDuralÜnver
Dean,GraduateSchoolofNaturalandAppliedSciences
Prof. Dr. OzanTekinalp
HeadofDepartment,AerospaceEngineering
Assist. Prof. Dr. ErcanGürses
Supervisor,AerospaceEngineeringDepartment,METU
ExaminingCommitteeMembers:
Prof. Dr. AltanKayran
AerospaceEngineeringDepartment,METU
Assist. Prof. Dr. ErcanGürses
AerospaceEngineeringDepartment,METU
Prof. Dr. MehmetAliGüler
MechanicalEngineeringDepartment,TOBBETU
Prof. Dr. BoraYıldırım
MechanicalEngineeringDepartment,HacettepeUniversity
Assoc. Prof. Dr. DemirkanÇöker
AerospaceEngineeringDepartment,METU
Date:
I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and
presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare
that,asrequiredbytheserulesandconduct,Ihavefullycitedandreferencedall
materialandresultsthatarenotoriginaltothiswork.
Name,LastName: MERTCANKURT
Signature :
iv
ABSTRACT
NUMERICALSIMULATIONOFNON-ENERGETICREACTIVEARMORS
Kurt,MertCan
M.S.,DepartmentofAerospaceEngineering
Supervisor : Assist. Prof. Dr. ErcanGürses
January2017,109pages
Non-energetic reactive armors (NERAs) are one type of reactive armors which are
developed to reinforce main armors of heavily armoured vehicles. Non-energetic
reactivearmorsalsocalledasbulgingarmorsareknowntobeeffectiveagainstlethal
effects of shaped charges. Their structures are like sandwich structures and consist
of one intermediate layer between two outer metal plates. The intermediate layer
is made of inert materials such as rubber or polymers. The intermediate layer and
the outer metal plates are fundemental components of defensive mechanism of these
armors. Theprincipleofthemechanismdependsonshockwaveswhicharegenerated
bytheinteractionofashapedchargejetandtheintermediatelayer. Whentheshaped
charge jet hits the intermediate layer, high pressure waves are generated which cause
alocalizedbulgingofthemetalliclayers. Thesemetalliclayersareacceleratedbythe
shockwavesandtheydistortthemovementoftheshapedchargejet.
This thesis involves numerical simulations of the bulging armors and focuses on the
investigation of high performance bulging armors (NERA-Non-energetic reactive ar-
mor). In this study, penetration of shaped charges into NERAs is simulated by using
AUTODYNsoftware. Thesimulationsareperformedintwoconsecutivestepswhich
arerespectivelytheformationofthejetandthepenetrationofthejetintothebulging
armor. Two-dimensional multi material Euler solver of AUTODYN is chosen for
the jet formation analysis. Then this jet is remapped to two and three-dimensional
Lagrange solver for the jet penetration analysis. Critical material parameters of the
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intermediatelayerthatinfluencetheperformanceofthearmorarestudied.
Keywords: ShapedCharge,BulgingArmor,Penetration,NumericalSimulation.
vi
ÖZ
ENERJ˙IYESAH˙IPOLMAYANREAKT˙IFZIRHLARINSAYISALBENZET˙IM˙I
Kurt,MertCan
YüksekLisans,HavacılıkveUzayMühendislig˘iBölümü
TezYöneticisi :Yrd.Doç.Dr.ErcanGürses
Ocak2017,109sayfa
Enerjiye sahip olmayan reaktif zırhlar, ag˘ır zırhlı araçlarda ana zırh güçlendirici ola-
rak gelis¸tirilen reaktif zırhların bir tipidir. S¸is¸en zırh olarak da adlandırılan enerjiye
sahipolmayanreaktifzırhlarınçukurimlalarınöldürücüetkilerinekars¸ıetkilioldug˘u
bilinmektedir.Yapılarısandviçyapılargibidirveikidıs¸ metalplakaarasındabulunan
ara katmandan olus¸maktadır. Ara katman kauçuk veya polimerler gibi inert malze-
melerden olus¸maktadır. Ara katman ve dıs¸ metal plakalar, bu zırhların savunma me-
kanizmasının ana biles¸enlerini olus¸turmaktadır. Mekanizmanın prensibi, çukur imla
jetiilearakatmanınetkiles¸imiyleolus¸ans¸okdalgalarınabag˘lıdır.Çukurimlajetiara
katmana çarptıg˘ı zaman yüksek basınç olus¸makta ve metalik katmanların bölgesel
s¸is¸mesine neden olmaktadır. Bu metalik katmanlar, s¸ok dalgalarıyla hızlandırılmakta
veçukurimlajetinininhareketinibozmaktadır.
Bu tez, s¸is¸en zırhların sayısal benzetimlerini içermektedir ve yüksek performanslı s¸i-
s¸enzırhların(NERA-Non-energeticreactivearmor)aras¸tırılmasınaodaklanmaktadır.
Bu çalıs¸mada, çukur imlaların s¸is¸en zırhlara penetrasyonunun AUTODYN yazılımı
ile sayısal benzetimi yapılmıs¸tır. Bu benzetimler sırasıyla jet olus¸um ve jetin s¸is¸en
zırhapenetrasyonanalizleriolmaküzereikisıralıadımdagerçekles¸tirilmis¸tir.Jetolu-
s¸um analizi için iki boyutlu çok malzemeli Euler çözücüsü seçilmis¸tir. Daha sonra
jet, jet penetrasyon analizi için iki boyutlu ve üç boyutlu Lagrange çözücüsüne ak-
tarılmıs¸tır. Zırh performansını etkileyen ara katmanın kritik malzeme parametreleri
vii
üzerindeçalıs¸ılmıs¸tır.
AnahtarKelimeler:Çukur˙Imla,S¸is¸enZırh,Penetrasyon,SayısalBenzetimi
viii
Tomyfamily
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
IwouldliketothanktomysupervisorAssistantProfessorErcanGürsesforhiscease-
lesssupport,motivationandguidancetocompletethisworksuccessfully. Itwasalso
agreathonorformetobeaprojectassistantandworkwithhiminMETUAerospace
EngineeringDepartment.
IwouldalsoliketostatethankfulnesstoROKETSANA.S¸.forhelpingandgivingme
opportunitytotaketheoreticaleducationandsupports.
Inaddition,Iwanttothankmycolleague,FaridSaeidi,forfriendshipandteamwork.
We were project assistants and worked together determinedly in METU Aerospace
EngineeringDepartment.
I am very lucky to have a family, ˙Ismet Kurt, Filiz Kurt and Onur Emre Kurt, for
supportingmethroughoutmyalleducationsandshowingmetheirtrusts.
This work is supported by TÜB˙ITAK-B˙IDEB National Graduate Scholarship Pro-
grammeforMScstudents(2210-C).
x
Description:by the interaction of a shaped charge jet and the intermediate layer. This thesis involves numerical simulations of the bulging armors and focuses .. Figure 3.8 AUTODYN model for the interaction analysis of jet-bulging armor 35.