Numerical and Physical Aspects of Aerodynamic Flows

618 Pages·1982·12.53 MB·English

by  Herbert B. Keller (auth.)

Proceedings of a
Symposium on
Numerical and
Physical Aspects of
Aerodynamic Flows
Numerical and
Physical Aspects of
Aerodynamic Flows
Edited by Tuncer Cebeci
With 302 Illustrations
[t
Sp,mg'" Science+Bu,me" Media, LLC
Tuncer Ce beci
California State University
Long Beach, CA 90840
U.S.A.
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Symposium on Numerical and Physical Aspects of
Aerodynamic Flows (1981 : California State
University, Long Beach)
Numerical and Physical Aspects of
Aerodynamic Flows.
1. Aerodynamics-Congresses. 2. Boundary layer
Congresses. I. Cebeci, Tuncer. 11. Title.
TL574.F5S95 1981 629.132'32 81-18433
AACR2
© 1982 by Springer Science+Business Media New York
Originally published by Springer-Verlag New York, Inc in 1982.
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1982
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be translated or reproduced in any form
without permission from Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.
Typeset by Composition House Limited, Salisbury, Wilts, England.
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
ISBN 978-3-662-12612-7 ISBN 978-3-662-12610-3 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-12610-3
Preface
This volume contains revised and edited forms of papers presented at the
Symposium on Numerical and Physical Aspects of Aerodynamic Flows,
held at the California State University from 19 to 21 January 1981. The
Symposium was organized to bring together leading research workers in
those aspects of aerodynamic flows represented by the five parts and to fulfill
the following purposes : first, to allow the presentation of technical papers
which provide a basis for research workers to assess the present status of the
subject and to formulate priorities for the future; and second, to promote
informal discussion and thereby to assist the communication and develop
ment of novel concepts.
The format ofthe content ofthe volume is similar to that ofthe Symposium
and addresses, in separate parts: Numerical Fluid Dynamics, Interactive
Steady Boundary Layers, Singularities in Unsteady Boundary Layers,
Transonic Flows, and Experimental Fluid Dynamics. The motivation for
most of the work described relates to the internal and extern al aerodynamics
of aircraft and to the development and appraisal of design methods based on
numerical solutions to conservation equations in differential forms, for
corresponding components. The chapters concerned with numerical fluid
dynamics can, perhaps, be interpreted in a more general context, but the
emphasis on boundary-Iayer flows and the special consideration oftransonic
flows reflects the interest in external flows and the recent advances which have
allowed the calculation methods to encompass transonic regions. The desire
for numerical methods to aid the design process is prompted by the need to
reduce the number and cost of experimental tests, particularly those with
v
vi Preface
large or full-scale equipment. It must be recognized that numerical methods,
and usually the equations which they are used to solve, introduce uncertain
ties, and experiments remain essential, though (as indicated in Part 5:
Experimental Fluid Oynamics) these can be of reasonably small scale and
cost.
The papers presented here have been modified and improved as a con
sequence of suggestions made by the session chairmen and the authors
themselves. It is a pleasure to record the willingness with which authors set
out to make their contributions as useful and stimulating as possible, and
thereby helping to ensure that this volume has archival value and at the same
time provides an overview of current knowledge. The first chapter in each
part introduces material which provides an overview of its topic and makes
specific reference to the papers which follow. Thus in Parts 1,4, and 5, Or.
Keller, Or. Ballhaus and his coworkers, and Or. Roshko have modified the
material which they presented at the symposium to fulfill this purpose : the
introductions to Parts 2 and 3 have been prepared to provide the same
service.
The Symposium was made possible partly by financial support provided to
the California State University by the Office of Naval Research and also by
the co operation of authors, session chairmen, participants, and colleagues
at the University. Particular thanks are due to Dr. R. E. Whitehead of the
Office of Naval Research, Mr. Ralph Co oper formerly of the same office,
and Professor Hillar Unt of the University. The editing process benefited
considerably from the efforts of Nancy O'Barr and Sue Schimke, and it is a
pleasure to acknowledge their help.
It is appropriate to recognize, at this time, the service given to the Office of
Naval Research and to the research community by Mr. Morton Cooper, who
retired after 18 years of service as an Engineering Science Advisor. Many of
us have enjoyed long associations with hirn through the Fluid Oynamics
Program of the Office of Naval Research: this volume is dedicated to hirn in
recognition of the many successful research programs which he organized
and supported in an efficient and understanding manner.
Long Beach, California TUNCER CEBECI
April 1982
Contents
PART 1. Numerical Fluid Dynamics
I. Continuation Methods in Computational Fluid Dynamics
H. B. Keller. 3
2. Experiments on Initial and Boundary Conditions
G. Moretti . 15
3. Hybrid Procedures for Computing General Viscous Flows
J. C. Wu 35
4. State of the Art in Subgrid-Scale Modeling
J. H. Ferziger . 53
5. Three-Dimensional Instability of Plane Channel Flows at
Subcritical Reynolds Numbers
S. A. Orszag and A. T. Patera 69
6. Scaling ofHigh-Reynolds-Number Weakly Separated Channe1
Flows
P. J. Roache 87
7. Some Observations on Numerical Solutions of the
Three-Dimensional Navier-Stokes Equations
H. McDonald and W. R. Briley 99
REFERENCES . 121
VII
Vlll Contents
PART 2. Interactive Steady Boundary Layers
Introduction
T. Cebeci 127
8. Some Recent Studies in Triple-Deck Theory
K. Stewartson . 129
9. Spectral Computation of Triple-Deck Flows
O. R. Burggraf and P. W. Duck . 145
10. Nonasymptotic Theory of Unseparated Turbulent
Boundary-Layer-Shock-Wave Interactions with Application to
Transonic Flows
G. R. Inger . 159
11. A Review of Marching Procedures for Parabolized Navier-Stokes
Equations
S. G. Rubin. 171
12. Progress on Interacting Boundary-Layer Computations at High
Reynolds Number
R. T. Davis and M. J. Werle . 187
13. On the Turbulent Viscid-Inviscid Interaction at a
Wedge-Shaped Trailing Edge
R. E. Melnik and B. Grossman 211
14. A Comparison ofthe Second-Order Triple-Deck Theory with
Interacting Boundary Layers
S. A. Ragab and A. H. Nayfeh 237
REFERENCES 255
PART 3. Singularities in Unsteady Boundary Layers
Introduction
T. Cebeci 261
15. Unsteady Separation
T. Cebeci 265
16. On the Current Controversy about Unsteady Separation
K. C. Wang. 279
17. The Genesis of Separation
L. L. van Dommelen and S. F. Shen 293
18. Some Characteristics of Unsteady Two-and Three-Dimensional
Reversed Boundary-Layer Flows
H. A. Dwyer and F. S. Sherman . 313
19. Large-Time Boundary-Layer Computations at a Rear Stagnation
Point Using the Asymptotic Structure
P. G. Williams . 325
Contents IX
20. Form Factors near Separation
C. Barbi and D. Telionis . 337
21. Unsteady Development ofthe Boundary Layer in the Vicinity of
a Rear Stagnation Point
J. C. Williams, III . 347
REFERENCES 365
PART 4. Transonic Flows
22. Advances and Opportunities in Transonic-Flow Computations
W. F. Ballhaus, Jr., G. S. Deiwert, P. M. Goorjian, T. L. Holst
and P. Kutler . 371
23. The Transonic-Flow Theories of High-and Low-Aspect-Ratio
Wings
H. K. Cheng 397
24. Perturbation of Transonic Flow with Shocks
M. HaJez 421
25. On the Definition of Freestream Conditions in Wind-Tunnel
Testing
W. R. Sears. 439
26. Basic Advances in the Finite-Volume Method for Transonic
Potential-Flow Calculations
D. A. Caughey and A. Jameson . 445
27. Flow Structures Associated with Upper-Surface-Blown Airfoils
N. D. Malmuth, W. D. Murphy, V. Shankar, J. D. Cole, and
E. Cumberbatch 463
28. Transonic-Shock-Boundary-Layer Interaction: A Case for
Phenomenology
J. Wai and H. Yoshihara . 479
29. Unsteady Transonic Flows: Time-Linearized Calculations
A. R. Seebass and K.-Y. Fung. 493
REFERENCES 507
PART 5. Experimental Fluid Dynamics
Introduction
A. Roshko 517
30. Local and Global Dynamics of Free Shear Layers
C.-M. Ho . 521
31. Laser Velocimetry Applied to Transonic Flow Past Airfoi1s
D. A. Johnson . 535
x Contents
32. Imbedded Longitudinal Vortices in Turbulent Boundary Layers
R. D. Mehta, I. M. M. A. Shahaka, and P. Bradshaw . 551
33. Experimental Investigation of Oscillating Subsonic Jets
D. J. Collins, M. F. Platzer, J. C. S. Lai and J. M. Simmons 575
34. Measurements in Ducted Flows by Laser Doppler Anemometry
A. M. K. P. Taylor, J. H. Whitelaw, and M. Yianneskis 589
35. Fluid-Mechanics Mechanisms in the Stall Process of Airfoils for
Helicopters
W. H. Young, Jr. . 601
36. On the Behavior of an Unsteady Turbulent Boundary Layer
P. G. Parikh, W. C. Reynolds, and R. Jayaraman 617
REFERENCES 633