Nucleic Acids in Immunology: Proceedings of a Symposium Held at the Institute of Microbiology of Rutgers, The State University

730 Pages·1968·10.53 MB·English

by  Michael Heidelberger (auth.)

NUCLEIC ACIDS IN IMMUNOLOGY
NUCLEIC ACIDS
IN IMMUNOLOGY
Proceedings of a Symposium
Held at the Institute of Microbiology
of Rutgers, The State University
Edited by
Qtto J. Plescia and Werner Braun
Institute of Microbiology
Rutgers, The State University
SPRINGER-VERLAG· BERLIN· HEIDELBERG· NEW YORK
All rights reserved.
No part of this book may be translated
or reproduced in any form without
written permission from Springer-Verlag.
© 1968 by Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 68-24013
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1968
Title Number 1507
ISBN-13: 978-3-642-87670-7 e-ISBN-13: 978-3-642-87668-4
DOT: 10.1007/978-3-642-87668-4
LIST OF AUTHORS, COAUTHORS AND
DISCUSSANTS
ABRAMSON, C., Pennsylvania College of Podiatry, Philadelphia, Pa.
ADLER, F., Public Health Research Institute, New York, N. Y.
ALEXANDER, P., Department of Radiobiology, Chester Beatty Research
Institute, Royal Cancer Hospital, London, England
ARANA, R., Service de Chimie Microbienne, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
ATCHLEY, W., University of California Medical S.chool, San Francisco,
Calif.
AVRAMEAS, S., Institut de Recherches Scientifiques sur Ie Cancer, Villejuif,
Val de Marne, France
BARNETT, E. V., School of Medicine, UCLA Rehabilitation Center, Los
Angeles, Calif.
BAUTZ, E. K., Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers-The~.tate University,
New Brunswick, N. J.
BEERS, R. F., School of Hygiene and Public Health, The Joam...Hopkins
University, Baltimore, Md.
BEISER, S. M., Department of Microbiology, College of Physicians &: Sur
geons, Columbia University, New York, N. Y.
BENACERRAF, B., Department of Pathology, New York University School
of Medicine, New York, N. Y.
BENSON, R. C., Shanklin Laboratory of Biology, Wesleyan University,
Middletown, Conn.
BIGLEY, N. J., Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University,
Columbus, Ohio
BRAUN, W., Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers-The State University,
J.
New Brunswick, N.
BLOCK-CORA, E., Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers-The State Univer
J.
sity, New Brunswick, N.
CAPRA, J. D., Rockefeller University, New York, N. Y.
CINADER, B., Biology Division, The Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto,
Ontario, Canada
COHEN, E., Medical School, Rutgers-The State University, New Bruns
wick, N. J.
v
vi List of Authors, Coauthors and Discussants
COHN, M., The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego, Calif.
COLE, L. ]., Experimental Pathology Branch, U. S. Naval Radiol. De£.
Lab., San Francisco, Calif.
CURTIS, S., Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers-The State University, New
J.
Brunswick, N.
DELORME, K ]., Department of Radiobiology, Chester Beatty Research
Institute, Royal Cancer Hospital, London, England
DODD, M. C., Department of Bacteriology, Ohio State University, Colum
bus, Ohio
DREYER, W., Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology,
Pasadena, Calif.
DUBISKI, S., Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
EDELMAN, G. M., The Rockefeller University, New York, N. Y.
ERICKSON, R. ]., Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers-The State Univer-
J.
sity, New Brunswick, N.
ERLANGER, B. F., Department of Microbiology, College of Physicians &
Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, N. Y.
ESTRADA-PARRA, S., Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional De
Ciencias Biologicas, Mexico 17, D.F., Mexico
FIRSHEIN, W., Shanklin Laboratory of Biology, Wesleyan University,
Middletown, Conn.
FISHMAN, M., Public Health Research Institute, New York, N. Y.
FRANZL, K, Rockefeller University, New York, N. Y.
FRIEDMAN, H., Department of Microbiology, Albert Einstein Medical
Center, Philadelphia, Pa.
FRIOU, ]., Department of Medicine, University of Southern California,
Los Angeles, Calif.
J.,
GARRO, A. Department of Microbiology, College of Physicians & Sur
geons, Columbia University, New York, N. Y.
GARVEY, ]., California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, Calif.
GILL, T. j., Laboratory of Chemical Pathology, Harvard Medical School,
Boston, Mass.
J.
GLICK, L., Cell Labs., Roswell Park Memorial Institute, Buffalo, N. Y.
GOTTLIEB, A. A., Department of Chemistry, Harvard University, Cam
bridge, Mass.
GRABAR, P., Institut de Recherches Scientifiques sur Ie Cancer, Villejuif,
Val de Marne, France
GRAY, W. R., Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology,
Pasadena, Calif.
GREEN, 1., Laboratory of Immunology, NIAID, Bethesda, Md.
HALL, ]. G., Department of Radiobiology, Chester Beatty Research In
stitute, Royal Cancer Hospital, London, England
HALLORAN, M. j., Department of Internal Medicine, Washington Uni
versity School of Medicine, St. Louis, Mo.
List of Authors, Coauthors and Discussants vii
HAN, I., Department of Bacteriology, University of Michigan, Ann
Arbor, Mich.
HAMILTON, L. D., Department of Radiobiology, Chester Beatty Research
Institute, Royal Cancer Hospital, London, England
HAUROWITZ, F., Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Blooming
ton, Ind.
HEIDELBERGER, M., Department of Pathology, New York University
Medical School, New York, N. Y.
HOLUB, M., Public Health Research Institute, New York, N. Y.
IMPERATO, S., Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers-The State University,
J.
New Brunswick, N.
jAROSKOVA, L., Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers-The State University,
J.
New Brunswick, N.
jAROSLOW, B. N., Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Ill.
JIMENEZ, L., Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers-The State University,
J.
New Brunswick, N.
JOHNSON, A. G., Bacteriology Department, University of Michigan, Ann
Arbor, Mich.
JOHNSON, H. G., Department of Microbiology, The Upjohn Co., Kala
mazoo, Mich.
JOHNSON, v., Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers-The State University,
J.
New Brunswick, N.
KANAZIR, T., Laboratory of Radiobiology, Boris Kidrich Institute of
Nuclear Sciences, Belgrade, Yugoslavia
KAROL, M. H., Department of Microbiology, College of Physicians & Sur
geons, Columbia University, New York, N. Y.
KLEINSCHMIDT, A. K., Department of Biochemistry, New York University
School of Medicine, New York, N. Y.
KUNZ, H. W., Laboratory of Chemical Pathology, Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Mass.
KWIATKOWSKI, Z. A., Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers-The State Uni-
J.
versity, New Brunswick, N.
LACOUR, F., Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif (Seine) France
LANDY, M., Laboratory of Immunology, NIAID; NIH, Bethesda, Md.
LESKOWITZ, S., Immunology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Boston, Mass.
LEVINE, B. B., Department of Medicine, New York University School of
Medicine, New York, N. Y.
LEVINE, L., Graduate Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University,
Waltham, Mass.
MAAL~E, 0., University Institute of Microbiology, Copenhagen K, Den
mark
J.
MANNICK, A., Department of Surgery, University Hospital, Boston,
Mass.
viii List of Authors, Coauthors and Discussants
MARFEY, P. S., Laboratory of Chemical Pathology, Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Mass.
MAURER, P. H., Department of Biochemistry, Jefferson Medical College,
Philadelphia, Pa.
McNAMARA, P., Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers-The State Univer
sity, New Brunswick, N. J.
MERRITT, K., Department of Bacteriology, University of Michigan, Ann
Arbor, Mich.
MICHAELSON, A. M., Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif (Seine), France
MOROZ, C., Irvington House Institute and Department of Medicine, New
York University School of Medicine, New York, N. Y.
NAHON, E., Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif (Seine), France
NAKANO, M., Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers-The State University,
J.
New Brunswick, N.
NOLTENIUS, H., Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers-The State University,
New Brunswick, N. J.
NOVELLI, G. D., Biology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratories,
Oak Ridge, Tenn.
OLGUIN-PALACIOS, E., Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional
De Ciencias Biologicas, Mexico 17, D.F., Mexico
ORTIZ-ORTIZ, L., Bureau of Biological Research, Rutgers-The State Uni
J.
versity, New Brunswick, N.
J.,
P ANIJEL, Institut Pasteur, Paris XVe, France
PAPERMASTER, D. S., Laboratory of Chemical Pathology, Harvard Medi
cal School, Boston, Mass.
PARKER, C. W., Department of Internal Medicine, Washington Univer
sity School of Medicine, St. Louis, Mo.
PAUL, W. E., Department of Pathology, New York University School of
Medicine, New York, N. Y.
PIR, K. D., Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers-The State University,
J.
New Brunswick, N.
PINCHUCK, P., Department of Biochemistry, Jefferson Medical College,
Philadelphia, Pa.
J.,
PLESCIA, O. Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers-The State University,
J.
New Brunswick, N.
PRESSMAN, D., Biochemistry Department, Roswell Park Memorial Insti
tute, Buffalo, N. Y.
RASKA, K., Medical School, Rutgers-The State University, New Bruns
J.
wick, N.
RAO, C. V., Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers-The State University,
New Brunswick, N. J.
RAZAVI, L., Boston City Hospital, Boston, Mass.
REGELSON, W., Medical College of Virginia, Division of Medical Oncol
ogy, Department of Medicine, Richmond, Va.
List of Authors, Coauthors and Discussants ix
SABBADINI, E., Departments of Experimental Surgery and Chemistry,
McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
J.
SALOMON, C., Institut de Recherches Scientifiques sur Ie Cancer, Ville
juif, Val de Marne, France
SCHIMBOR, C., Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers-The State University,
J.
New Brunswick, N.
J.,
SCHMIDTKE, Department of Microbiology, University of Michigan
Medical School, Ann Arbor, Mich.
SEAMAN, K, Graduate Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University,
Waltham, Mass.
SEHON, A., Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal,
Quebec, Canada
SELIGMANN, M., Hopital Saint-Louis, Paris Xe, France
SIGEL, M., University of Miami Medical School, Miami, Fla.
SIMIC, M., Laboratory of Radiobiology, Boris Kidrich Institute of Nu
clear Sciences, Belgrade, Yugoslavia
STAVITSKY, A., Department of Microbiology, Case Western Reserve Uni
versity School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
STOLLAR, B. D., Department of Pharmacology, Tufts University Medical
School, Medford, Mass.
TANENBAUM, S. W., Department of Microbiology, College of Physicians
& Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, N. Y.
T AUDOU, B., Institut de Recherches Scientifiques sur Ie Cancer, Villejuif,
Val de Marne, France
THOR, D., Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at the
Medical Center, Chicago, Ill.
J.
UHR, W., New York University Medical Center, New York, N. Y.
VAN VUNAKIS, H., Graduate Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis Uni
versity, Waltham, Mass.
WILLIAMSON, A., National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill,
London, England
YA]IMA, Y., Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers-The State University,
New Brunswick, N. J.
YANG, W. K., Biology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratories, Oak
Ridge, Tenn.
PREFACE
Two fields have played a leading role in biomedical research in recent
years, the biochemistry of nucleic acids and immunology. Yet, with the
exception of those aspects which have been concerned with antibody
synthesis as an example of protein synthesis, there was until recently a
lack of direct association between the two fields. Until quite recently the
antigenicity of nucleic acids was still in doubt and indeed represented
a controversial subject. Also, the exact role of the various nucleic acids
in various stages of antibody synthesis was uncertain. These skepticisms
and uncertainties disappeared rapidly in the last few years. New experi
mental approaches brought the realization that nucleic acids, under
appropriate conditions, are indeed immunogenic, and that the resulting
antibodies can furnish new tools for the exploration of the mplecular
structure of the all-important family of nucleic acid molecules.' At the
same time, the recognition of the antigenicity of nucleic acids brought
a new level of understanding to certain auto-immune diseases and pro
vided new material for the exploration of the role of a carrier in immune
responses. Side by side with this development was the almost explosive
development of new experimental approaches and new ideas pertaining
to the problem of antibody formation. Nucleic acids in their various
forms were recognized as playing an expected major role in the activation
of antibody-forming cells. Perhaps less to be expected was the role they
can playas non-specific stimulators of antibody formation.
We felt that the time was ripe to bring these novel and important
aspects together in one book, and we felt that it would be useful to pro
vide a forum for assessing accomplishments and for projecting future
possibilities. This appeared particularly desirable since so many different
disciplines are involved and representatives of these specialized fields
do not often have the opportunity to consider as a group problems of
mutual interest. Accordingly, we invited representative investigators to
New Brunswick. With two exceptions they were all able to come; one
of those who was unable to participate (Simic) contributed a manuscript
to this volume.
The organization of the symposium followed a tradition of the Insti
tute of Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University, to provide a forum
xi
xii Preface
for the discussion and dissemination of information covering timely
topics of wide interest. Since the subject matter we had chosen had not
been discussed previously at any similar symposium, we anticipated that
the resulting book would provide, in survey form, information of con
siderable interest to a large group of scientists and teachers, including
immunologists, microbiologists, molecular biologists, chemists and the
medical profession. Our anticipations were surpassed by the fact that
much new information, not previously available in print, was presented
and discussed at tlie meeting which took place in New Brunswick on
October 16--18, 1967.
There are many people who helped us in making the symposium and
this volume possible. The National Science Foundation and the Ameri
can Medical Association's Education and Research Foundation provided
financial support. Dr. J. O. Lampen, Director of the Institute of Micro
biology, and Mr. E. Isaacs, Executive Secretary of the Institute, greatly
helped us in our planning and provided much moral support. The staff
of Springer-Verlag provided diligent and effective aid in preparing the
material for publication. To all of them our gratitude.
Finally, we took it upon ourselves, with fair prior warning to the sym
posium participants, to edit and to rephrase the Discussions. We have
done so, and we hope that as a result we have succeeded in making the
Discussions more readable without having changed their substance and
meaning.
New Brunswick, N. J. Orro J. PLESCIA
September 1968 WERNER BRAUN