Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis in Plants

414 Pages·1977·12.86 MB·English

by  Herbert Stern (auth.)

Nucleic Acids and
Protein Synthesis
in Plants
NATO ADVANCED STUDY INSTITUTES SERIES
A series of edited volumes comprising multifaceted studies of contemporary
scientific issues by some of the best scientific minds in the world. as
sembled in cooperation with NATO Scientific Mfairs Division.
Series A: Life Sciences
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edited by Jacques E. Dumont. Barry L. Brown,
and Nicholas J. Marshall
Volume 10 - Specificity in Plant Diseases
edited by R. K. S. Wood and A. Graniti
Volume 11 - Surface Membrane Receptors:
Interface Between Cells and Their Environment
edited by Ralph A. Bradshaw, William A. Frazier, Ronald C. Merrell,
David I. Gottlieb, and Ruth A. Hogue-Angeletti
Volume 12 - Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis in Plants
edited by L. Bogorad and J. H. Weil
The series is published by an international board of publishers in con
junction with NATO Scientific Affairs Division
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Nucleic Acids and
Protein Synthesis
in Plants
Edited by
L. Bogorad
Harvard University
Cambridge, Massachusetts
and
1. H. Weil
Universite Louis Pasteur
Strasbourg, France
PLENUM PRESS • NEW YORK AND LONDON
Published in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Nato Ad~anced Study Institute on Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis in Plants,
Stra.sbourg, 1976.
Nucleic acids and protein synthesis in plants.
(Nato advanced study institutes series: SemI A, Life science; v. 12)
"LectuR$ presented at the NATO Advanced Study Institutes on Nucleic Acids and
Protein Synthesis in Plants, sponsored by NATO, FEBS, EMBO. at a colloquium
sponsored by CNRS, held in Strasbourg, France. July 15-24, 1976."
Includes index.
1. Protein biosynthesis- Congresses. 2. Nucleic acid synthesis- Congresses. 3.
Botanical chemistry- Congresses. I. Bogorad, Lawrence, 1921- Il. Weil, Jacques
Henry. III. North Atlantic Treaty Organization. IV. Title. V. Series.
QK89S.PSN37 1976 58I.S'732 77-23267
ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-2777-6 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-2775-2
001: 10.10071978-1-4684-2775-2
Lectures presented at the NATO Ad~anced Study Institute on
Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis in Plants sponsored by NATO,
fEBS. EMBO, at a Colloquium sponsored by CNRS, held in
Stra.sbourg, France, July 15-24, 1976
e 1977 Plenum Press, New York
Softoover reprint of the hardoover 1st edition 1977
A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation
227 West 17th Street, New York. N.Y. 10011
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system. or transmitted,
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical. photocopying, micromming,
recording, or otherwise. without written permission from the Publisher
NUCLEIC ACIDS AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS IN PLANTS
an Advanced Course sponsored by
NATO, FEBS, EMBO
a colloquium sponsored by CNRS
Strasbourg, July 15-24,1976
------------Organized by ------------
L. BOGORAD J.H. WElL
The Biological Laboratories Institut de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire
Harvard University Universite Louis Pasteur
16 Divinity Avenue 15, rue Descartes
Cambridge, Massachusetts 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
-----------Organizing Committee ----------
Institu t de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire
Universite Louis Pasteur
15, rue Descartes
67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
G. BURKARD P.IMBAULT L. OSORIO
J. BLUM-CANADAY G. JEANNIN J. RAMIASA
E. DUBOIS-FISCHEL A. KLEIN V. SARANTOGLOU
P. GUILLEMAUT S. MONT ASSER A. STEINMETZ
A.M.OHLENBUSCH
Secretary: M. J. KRAUS
Preface
During the summer of 1974 we discussed the state of molecular
biology and biochemical developmental biology in plants on a few
occasions in Paris and in Strasbourg. The number of laboratories
engaged in such research is minute compared with those studying
comparable problems in animal and bacterial systems, but by then
much interesting work had been done and a great momentum was building.
It seemed to us that the summer of 1976 would be a good time to review
these areas of plant biology for students as well as advanced workers.
We outlined a program for a course to colleagues both in Europe and
the United States and asked a few potential lecturers if they would
be interested. The response was not just positive; it was overwhelm
ingly enthusiastic. Those who had some acquaintance with Alsace,
and especially with Strasbourg, invariably told us that they had two
reasons for being enthusiastic about participating - the subject and
the proposed site.
The lectures published here* reflect the diversity of current
research in plant molecular biology and biochemical developmental
biology. Each lecture gives us a glimpse of the depth of questions
being asked, and sometimes answered, in segments of this field of
investigation. This research is directed at fundamental biological
problems, but answers to these questions will provide knowledge
essential for bringing about major changes in the way the world's
agricultural enterprise can be improved.
*An International Colloquium on Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis
in Plants sponsored by the Centre National de la Recherche Scienti
fique was held in July, 1976, in Strasbourg parallel with this
Advanced Course. The 100 or so brief contributions to the Collo
quium are being published by Centre National de la Recherche Sci en
tifique (15, quai Anatole France, 75700 Paris, France). Readers
of this volume may also be interested in the proceedings of an
international conference on "The Genetics and the Biogenesis of
Chloroplasts and Mitochondri~' held in Munich later in the summer
of 1976; this volume is edited by Professor Th. Bucher and is to be
published by Elsevier Press.
viii PREFACE
It is unfortunate that this volume cannot bring to the reader
the sense of discovery that came to participants as chapters of
modern experimental plant biology were described, explained, and
discussed enthusiastically. As organizers as well as participants
we are grateful to the lecturers for clear expositions both in their
formal presentations and in response to questions. We are grateful
to our fellow participants in the Advanced Study Institute for
their contributions to the lively discussions.
Instructors and students in this advanced course represented
a substantial fraction of all of the laboratories of the world work
ing on molecular biology and biochemical developmental biology in
plants. The generous financial support we received permitted parti
cipation not only by Europeans but also by lecturers and students
from the United States and elsewhere in the world.
We are grateful to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, the
Federation of European Biochemical Societies, the European Molecular
Biology Organization, the Centre National de la Recherche Scienti
fique, and the National Science Foundation of the United States for
financial support which made this advanced course possible. Its
success was in large measure also the result of careful planning and
a great deal of work by the Organizing Committee at the Institute of
Molecular and Cellular Biology at the University Louis Pasteur in
Strasbourg. We are also indebted to officials responsible for
housing participants at the University Louis Pasteur for their
efforts, which virtually completely relieved the participants of
concern for food and shelter, thus adding to the thinking time
available to each of us.
Lawrence Bogorad
Jacques H. Wei!
Contents
ORGANIZATION AND REPLICATION OF NUCLEAR
AND CHLOROPLAST GENOMES
DNA Synthesis During Microsporogenesis . . . . 1
Herbert Stern
Structure of Chloroplast DNA • • • . • . 15
K.K. Tewari, R. Kolodner, Nathan M. Chu,
and Robert M. Meeker
TRANSCRIPTION
Purification and Characterization of Soybean
DNA-Dependent RNA Polymerases and the Modulation
of Their Activities During Development . . . . . 37
Tom J. Guilfoyle and Joe L. Key
Transcription of the Nuclear Genome of Acetabularia 65
Hans-Georg Schweiger
Mode of Synthesis of Ribosomal RNA in Various Plant
Organisms . • • • • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
G. Richter, R. Misske, R. Stempka,
and W. Dirks
TRANSLATION: THE PROTEIN SYNTHESIS APPARATUS
tRNAs and Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases in Plant
Cytoplasm, Chloroplasts, and Mitochondria 97
J .H. Weil, G.Burkard, P. Guillemaut,
G. Jeannin, R. Martin, and A. Steinmetz
The Low-Molecular-Weight RNAs of Plant Ribosomes:
Their Structure, Function, and Evolution . . 121
T.A. Dyer, C.M. Bowman, and P.I. Payne
ix
x CONTENTS
The Genetics of the Chloroplast Ribosome
in Chlamydomonas reinhardi . • • . • . . 135
Lawrence Bogorad, Jeffrey N. Davidson,
and Maureen R. Hanson
Protein Synthesis in Plants: Specificity and
Role of the Cytoplasmic and Organellar Systems ISS
o. Ciferri, o. Tiboni, M.L. Munoz-Calvo,
and G. Camerino
Functional Characterization of the Initiation
Factors of Wheat Germ • . . . . . . . . . 167
Samarendra N. Seal, Marcella Giesen,
Ruth Roman, and Abraham Marcus
SYNTHESIS OF NUCLEIC ACIDS AND PROTEIN BY ORGANELLES:
ORGANELLE - NUCLEAR RELATIONSHIPS
Phenotypic markers for Chloroplast DNA Genes
in Higher Plants and Their Use in Biochemical
Genetics. • . . . . .. . ..... 183
Kevin Chen, Sarjit Johal, and S.G. Wildman
The Synthesis of Chloroplast Proteins 195
R. John Ellis
Biosynthesis of Plant Mitochondrial Proteins . . . . . . .. 213
C.J. Leaver and P.K. Pope
CONTROL OF NUCLEIC ACIDS AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS BY
HORMONES AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
The Effect of Light on RNA and Protein
Synthesis in Plants . . •• •... 239
H. Mohr and P. Schopfer
Protein Deposition in Developing Cereal
and Legume Seeds . • . . • • • • . • • . 261
Donald Boulter
Regulation of Translation of Stored mRNA
of Dicot Seeds . • . . • • • . • • . • 279
Leon S. Dure III and Barry Harris
Hormonal Control of Protein Synthesis 293
J.E. Varner
CONTENTS xi
The Control of Plant Growth by Protein Kinases . . . . . .. 309
A. Trewavas and B.R. Stratton
FOREIGN DNA AND PLANT CELLS: PLANT VIRUSES
General Properties of Isolated Protoplasts and
Uptake of Foreign Genetic Material . . . . 321
E.C. Cocking
Agrobacterium tumefaciens: What Segment of the
Plasmid Is Responsible for the Induction of
Crown Gall Tumors? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 329
J. Schell, M. Van Montagu, A. De Picker,
D. De Waele, G. Engler, C. Genetello,
J.P. Hernalsteens, M. Holsters, E. Messens,
B. Silva, S. Van den Elsacker, N. Van Larebeke,
and I. Zaenen
Nucleotide Sequences of Plant Viral RNAs . 343
J.P. Briand, C. Fritsch, H. Guilley,
G. Jonard, C. Klein, D. Larny,
K. Richards, and L. Hirth
Viroids in Agriculture 363
T.O. Diener
Arninoacylation of Viral RNAs . . . . . . . 377
M. Pinck, M. Genevaux, P. Lestienne,
and H. Duranton
In Vivo and In Vitro Translation of the RNAs
of Alfalfa Mosaic Virus . . . . . . . . . . 387
Lous van Vloten-Doting, John Bol, Lyda Neeleman,
Tineke Rutgers, Danielle van Dalen, Ad Castel,
Leendert Bosch, Gerard Marbaix, Georges Huez,
Evelyne Hubert, and Yvette Cleuter
Index 413