Nuclear Reactor Technology Development and Utilization (Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy)

497 Pages·2020·35.781 MB·English

by  Salah Ud-Din Khan (editor), Alexander V. Nakhabov (editor)

Nuclear Reactor Technology
Development and Utilization
Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy
Nuclear Reactor
Technology Development
and Utilization
Fuel Cycles, Advanced Reactors,
and Hybrid Systems
Edited By
Salah Ud-Din Khan, Ph.D.
Sustainable Energy Technologies Center,
College of Engineering, King Saud University,
Riyadh.Saudi Arabia
KA.CARE Energy Research and Innovation
Center at Riyadh, Riyadh,Saudi Arabia
Alexander Nakhabov, Ph.D.
Nuclear Physics and Engineering Department,
Institute for Nuclear Power Engineering,
National Research Nuclear University MEPhI,
Obninsk, Russia
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Dedication
To my dear parents Mr. and Mrs. Moin Ud-Din Khan
and all beloved family members.
To the family of Dr. Jamal Khaer Ibrahim (Late).
To the families of all contributors to this book.
Contributors
AmritpalSinghAgarWolfsonSchoolofMechanical,ElectricalandManufacturing
Engineering, Loughborough University,Leicestershire, UnitedKingdom
SaeedA.AlameriDepartmentofNuclearEngineering,KhalifaUniversityofScience
and Technology,Abu Dhabi, United ArabEmirates
AhmedK. Alkaabi Department ofNuclear Engineering, Khalifa Universityof
Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United ArabEmirates
RomanV.FominNuclearPhysicsandEngineeringDepartment,InstituteforNuclear
PowerEngineering,NationalResearchNuclearUniversityMEPhI,Obninsk,Russia
Ugur Guven Department of AerospaceEngineering, Universityof Petroleum and
Energy Studies, Dehradun;United NationsAffiliated Center for Space Science and
Space Technology inAsia-PasificCountries (CSSTEAP), Dehradun, India
Jamal Khaer Ibrahim IndependentNuclear Power Programme Development and
InternationalNuclearTechno-PoliticalAffairsConsultant,KualaLumpur,Malaysia
Yury A.KazanskyNuclear Physics andEngineering Department, Institutefor
NuclearPowerEngineering,NationalResearchNuclearUniversityMEPhI,Obninsk,
Russia
Salah Ud-Din Khan Sustainable Energy TechnologiesCenter,College of
Engineering, King Saud University;K.A.CARE Energy Research and Innovation
Centerat Riyadh, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Shahab Ud-Din Khan National Tokamak FusionProgram, Islamabad, Pakistan
GeorgyL. Khorasanov Nuclear Physics andEngineering Department, Institutefor
NuclearPowerEngineering,NationalResearchNuclearUniversityMEPhI,Obninsk,
Russia
Giorgio Locatelli School ofCivilEngineering, Universityof Leeds, Leeds, United
Kingdom
Minjun Peng Nuclear Power Simulation& Research Center, College ofNuclear
Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, P.R. China
xiv Contributors
LiviuPopa-SimilLosAlamosAcademyofSciences,LosAlamos,NM,UnitedStates
Marco E. Ricotti Department ofEnergy, CeSNEF-NuclearEngineering Division,
Politecnico diMilano, Milano, Italy
DmitriiS. Samokhin Nuclear Physicsand Engineering Department, Institutefor
NuclearPowerEngineering,NationalResearchNuclearUniversityMEPhI,Obninsk,
Russia
Youssef Shatilla Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi,United Arab Emirates
AllaA.UdalovaNuclearPhysicsandEngineeringDepartment,InstituteforNuclear
PowerEngineering, NationalResearch Nuclear UniversityMEPhI, Obninsk,Russia
Gurunadh Velidi Department ofAerospaceEngineering, Universityof Petroleum
and Energy Studies, Dehradun,India
Bahman Zohuri Electrical andComputer Engineering Department, Universityof
New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
About the editors
Dr.Salah Ud-Din Khan is Associate Professor at
SustainableEnergyTechnologiesCenter,KingSaud
University,SaudiArabia.Healsogainedapositionof
Fellow at K.A.CARE energy research center at
Riyadh.PriortojoiningKSU,heservedasAssistant
Professor, Visiting Scientist, Researcher, and Lec-
turer at various institutes and universities. He
receivedhisPhDinNuclearEngineeringandgained
higher achievements in the field of nuclear reactor
safety while conducting an impressive amount of
workonNK/THcouplingandinreactorcoredesign.
His work in designing and simulation of reactors
(SMRs) is well proven and has been published in
highlyreputedjournals.Hisareaofresearchisbroad-
eningtonucleardesalination,nuclearhydrogenpro-
duction, nuclear solar hybridization, energy storage, radiological protection, nuclear
forensics,andcomputationaltechniquesforradiationshieldingmaterials.
Dr. Khan teaches and supervises postgraduate students of Nuclear/Renewable
Energy at SET Center. He has published more than 150 research articles in reputed
journals and conferences with an accumulative impact factor of more than 250. He
authoredtwobooksandtwobookchapters.Hehasonepatentonradiationtechnology,
which has been registered by U.S., European, andSaudi patent offices.He has been
invitedseveraltimesininternationalworkshopsandconferencesasaspeaker.
Dr. Alexander Nakhabov is currently working
as Associate Professor at Obninsk Institute for
Nuclear Power Engineering of the National
Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Russia. He
isasupervisorofeducationalprogramsinelectron-
ics and automation of physical installations and
nuclear power engineering and thermal physics,
deputy head of the Department of Nuclear Physics
and Engineering, and former dean of the Physics
and Power Engineering faculty. National Research
NuclearUniversityMEPhIistheleadinguniversity
inRussiaintheeducationandtrainingofspecialists
worldwide for nuclear power plants of Russian
xvi Abouttheeditors
designandnuclearcentersofscienceandtechnology.Hisprofessionalinterestsarein
methods and automated systems for nondestructive testing of nuclear power plant
(NPP) materials and pipelines; technical diagnostic systems for NPPs; and methods
and algorithms for data processing and analysis including artificial intelligence and
dataminingmethods.HeworkedattheScientificResearchInstituteofInstrumenta-
tionandparticipatedinin-serviceweldingjointsinspectionforequipmentandpipe-
lines of Taiwan NPP (Units 1 and 2, China) within the automated ultrasonic
testinggroup.
Preface
Increasing energy demand and carbon footprint in the environment have compelled
researchers to devise solutions that are sustainable, and nuclear energy is the best
source so far while ignoring any negative impact. In this book, our main emphasis
isonthefundamental,structural,operational,economical,licensing,andapplication
includingpolygenerationofnuclearenergy.Thisbookstartswithanin-depthconcept
ofnuclearphysics,whichleadstonuclearengineeringprinciplessupportingthereac-
tor theory and thermal hydraulics of nuclear power plants (NPPs). The essential
criteria for spent nuclear fuel with requirements of its isolation, special treatment,
and reprocessing arediscussed. Potentially hazardous factorsthatmay occur during
anuclearaccidentataNPPandmeasurestopreventsuchoccurrencesareaddressed
by discussingthe principles of probabilisticsafetyassessment.
Inrealsense,nuclearpowerreactorsareplannedtocombatglobalenergydemands
and global warming, support hydrogen production and water desalination, and fuel
space missions and hybrid energy concepts. Even after the Fukushima disaster in
2011,manyutilitieshaveappliedforlicensingofnewreactordesignsandconstruc-
tion.Weaimtoputtogethermuchofthisusefulinformationandin-depthknowledge
inthisbook,andmostofthechaptersdealwithnuclearpoweranditsapplicationin
variousfieldsoflife.Nuclearspacereactorinstallationisatopicthathasaratherlong
historyofexperimentsandrealapplications,andnowadaysthiscombinationofsucha
powerfulsourceofenergyasnuclearandadvancedspacelaunchtechnologiescould
opennewhorizonsformankindintheexplorationofthesolarsystemanddeepspace.
Besidespowergeneration,formanyyearsnuclearandradiationtechnologieshave
been widely and successfully used in agriculture, food production industry, and, of
course,medicine. A fewchapters were written on these topics as well.
Nuclear energy topic is always undergoing hot debate in some circle of nations
becauseofitscatastrophicissues.Therefore,policyandlicensingofNPPsisanimpor-
tant topic todiscuss, andin thisbook, we include onefullchapter onthis topic.
Itbecomesaquestionofeconomy,whenthereisadiscussionofadoptingnuclear
energyoverotherconventionalsourcesofenergy,eventhoughitiswellunderstood
thatthebaseloadcapacityofanynuclearstatereliesonthenuclearpowerasnoother
sourcescanmeetthebaseloadinahighlyeconomicalandefficientmanner.Besides
technicalissues,economicsofnuclearelectricityproductionisveryimportant,soitis
discussed in detail, as well as inspired by economics. A modern hot topic on the
nuclearmarket—SmallModularReactors—arediscussedinthisbookbyconsidering
the operations, economics, and viability ofsuch reactor systems.
SalahUd-Din Khan
Alexander Nakhabov