Table Of ContentCONTRIBUTORS
HARRIS BUSCH MONIQUE JACOB
YERACH DASKAL CLÉMENT JUDES
GINETTE DEVILLIERS NORMAN MACLEAN
ANGELINE S. DOUVAS GILLES MOYNE
GEORGE L. ELICEIRI A. OSCAR POGO
JEAN-PAUL FUCHS EDMOND PUVION
HELENE GALLINARO RAMACHANDRA REDDY
RENATA GATTONI CONSTANTINE E. SEKERIS
STEPHEN P. GREGORY JOHN SOMMERVILLE
APOSTOLIA GUIALIS JAMES STÉVENIN
ENG M. TAN
THE CELL NUCLEUS
Volume VIII
NUCLEAR PARTICLES,
PART A
EDITED BY
HARRIS BUSCH
Department of Pharmacology
Baylor College of Medicine
Texas Medical Center
Houston, Texas
ACADEMIC PRESS
A Subsidiary of Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers
New York London Toronto Sydney San Francisco 1981
COPYRIGHT © 1981, BY ACADEMIC PRESS, INC.
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
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United Kingdom Edition published by
ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. (LONDON) LTD.
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Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Main entry under title:
The Cell nucleus.
Subtitle varies.
Includes bibliographies and indexes.
1. Cell nuclei. I. Busch, Harris. [DNLM:
1. Cell nucleus. QH595 B977c]
QH595.C44 574.87,32 73-18944
ISBN 0-12-147608-1 (v.8)
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
81 82 83 84 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contributors
Numbers in parentheses indicate the pages on which the authors' contributions begin.
HARRIS BUSCH (261), Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College
of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
YERACH DASKAL (117), Department of Pharmacology, Baylor Col-
lege of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
GINETTE DEVILLIERS* (193), Laboratoire de Génétique Molecu-
lare des Eucaryotes du CNRS, 67085 Strasbourg Cedex, France
ANGELINE S. DOUVAS (369), Division of Rheumatic Diseases and
Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Genetics, University of
Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80262
GEORGE L. ELICEIRI (307), Department of Pathology, St. Louis
University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104
JEAN-PAUL FUCHS (193), Laboratoire de Génétique Moleculare
des Eucaryotes du CNRS, 67085 Strasbourg Cedex, France
HÉLÈNE GALLINARO (193), Laboratoire de Génétique Moleculare
des Eucaryotes du CNRS, 67085 Strasbourg Cedex, France
RENATA GATTONI (193), Laboratoire de Génétique Moleculare des
Eucaryotes du CNRS, 67085 Strasbourg Cedex, France
STEPHEN P. GREGORY (139), Department of Biology, South-
ampton University, Southampton S09 3TU, England
APOSTOLIA GUIALIS (247), The National Hellenic Research Foun-
dation Biological Research Center, Athens, Greece
* Present address: Centre de Neurochimie (CNRS), Service de Microscopie Elec-
tronique, 67085 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
ix
X LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
MONIQUE JACOB (193), Laboratoire de Génétique Moleculare des
Eucaryotes du CNRS, 67085 Strasbourg Cedex, France
CLÉMENT JUDES (193), Laboratoire de Génétique Moleculare des
Eucaryotes du CNRS, 67085 Strasbourg Cedex, France
NORMAN MACLEAN (139), Department of Biology, Southampton
University, Southampton S09 3TU, England
GILLES MOYNE (59), Groupe de Microscopie Electronique, Institut
de Recherches Scientifiques sur le Cancer, F-94800 Villejuif, France
A. OSCAR POGO (331), Laboratory of Cell Biology, The Lindsley F.
Kimball Research Institute of the New York Blood Center, New York,
New York 10021
EDMOND PUVION (59), Groupe de Microscopie Electronique, In-
stitut de Recherches Scientifiques sur le Cancer, F-94800 Villejuif,
France
RAMACHANDRA REDDY (261), Department of Pharmacology,
Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
CONSTANTINE E. SEKERIS (247), The National Hellenic Research
Foundation Biological Research Center, Athens, Greece
JOHN SOMMERVILLE (1), Department of Zoology, University of St.
Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9TS, Scotland
JAMES STÉVENIN (193), Laboratoire de Génétique Moleculare des
Eucaryotes du CNRS, 67085 Strasbourg Cedex, France
ENG M. TAN (369), Division of Rheumatic Diseases and Department
of Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver,
Colorado 80262
Preface
The pace of progress in our understanding of the complexities of the
particles in "The Cell Nucleus" has continued to increase in the past
five years. Many years ago, electron microscopists recognized the
presence of a variety of specific structural elements in the nuclear
envelope: the nucleolus and nuclear chromatin (see Boutielle et al.,
"The Cell Nucleus," Volume I, Chapter 1). Many nuclear particles
have only recently been isolated at a level of purity that permits a more
detailed analysis of their functional roles; now their functions are being
recognized as of great importance in the processing and transport of
pre-messenger and pre-ribosomal RNA.
The recognition that pre-messenger hnRNA molecules were bound
to proteins in hnRNP particles antedated many of the chemical studies
on hnRNA, including the description of the "cap" structures on the 5'
ends and the poly(A) structures on the 3' ends of these molecules. The
recent demonstration that the "capped" small nuclear RNA species
referred to as the U snRNA's are also in particles has been quickly
followed by suggestions that these snRNP particles have specific func-
tions in splicing the exons of the hnRNA in the hnRNP particles. The
details of the processing reactions, although not yet elucidated in en-
zymatic and chemical terms, are of special interest at present because
they offer both an approach to the mechanisms for excision of introns
and insights into the remarkable variants of the genome that emerged
during evolution.
Many particles have no defined function. The perichromatin
granules (PCG's) may be "carrier" elements from the chromatin to the
nucleoplasmic spaces, the interchromatinic dense granules may be
junctional elements of the hnRNP, snRNP, and pre-rRNP "matrix"
elements, and the particles induced by hormones may be related to
these or to glycoproteins involved in specific response mechanisms.
xi
xii PREFACE
Volumes VIII and IX of "The Cell Nucleus" treatise are particularly
timely in view of the special opportunities evolving in this field for
expansion of the understanding of "splicing" and "processing" and for
the increased understanding of the controls of transcriptional and
transport events that must be essential to cells that are either growing
and/or are phenotypically differentiated. It is clear that new and excit-
ing information is at hand about these and yet to be discovered nuclear
and nucleolar particles.
Harris Busch
Contents of Other Volumes
Volume I
Nuclear Structure
Localization of Nuclear Functions as Revealed by
Ultrastructural Autoradiography and Cytochemistry
M. Bouteille, M. Laval, and A. M. Dupuy-Coin
The Nucleolus and Nucleolar DNA
Karel Smetana and Harris Busch
Ultrastructural Organization of Plant Cell Nuclei
Jean-G. Lafontaine
The Nucleus of the Plasmodial Slime Molds
Joyce Mohberg
Structures and Functions of the Nuclear Envelope
Werner W. Franke and Ulrich Scheer
Chemical and Biochemical Properties of the Nuclear Envelope
Charles B. Kasper
Nuclear-Cytoplasmic Interactions
Movement of Molecules between Nucleus and Cytoplasm
Lester Goldstein
Heterokaryons and Their Uses in Studies of Nuclear Function
E. Sidebottom
The Genome in Specialized Cells, as Revealed by
Nuclear Transplantation in Amphibia
/. B. Gurdon
xiii
XIV CONTENTS OF OTHER VOLUMES
Chromatin
The Molecular Organization of the Chromatin Fiber
Alberto /. Solari
The Structure of Human Chromosomes
David E. Comings
Ultrastructure and Function of Heterochromatin and Euchromatin
John H. Frenster
Author Index—Subject Index
Volume H
Chromosomes—General
Mammalian Chromosomes
Frances E. Arrighi
The Human Cell Nucleus: Quinacrine and Other Differential Stains
in the Study of Chromatin and Chromosomes
Frederick Hecht, Herman E. Wyandt, and R. Ellen Heath Magenis
Studies of Isolated Mammalian Metaphase Chromosomes
John Mendelsohn
The Kinetics of DNA Replication in Chromosomes
Elton Stubblefield
The Organization of Meiotic Chromosomes
Peter Luykx
Progress in Human Gene Mapping by Somatic Cell Hybridization
Rafu S. Kucherlapati, Richard P. Creagen, and Frank H. Ruddle
Chromosomes—Specific
Chromosomes of Birds
Robert N. Shoffner
Plant Cytogenetics
A. K. Sharma
Polytene Chromosomes in Studies of Gene Expression
J.-E. Edström
Contents of Other Volumes xv
Giant Chromosomes
Wolfgang Hennig
Chromosomes—Pathology
Clinical Cytogenetics
Jean de Grouchy
Viruses and Chromosomes
Warren W. Nichoh
Mitosis and Meiosis
The Mitotic Apparatus
John F. Hartmann and Arthur M. Zimmerman
Genome Separation Mechanisms in Prokaryotes, Algae, and Fungi
/. Brent Heath
Author Index—Subject Index
Volume III
Nucleic Acids
Nuclear DNA
Bernard S. Strauss
Nuclear DNA Polymerases
R. K. Craig and H. M. Keir
Precursor of mRNA (Pre-mRNA) and Ribonucleoprotein Particles
Containing Pre-mRNA
G. P. Georgiev
Nuclear High-Molecular-Weight RNA
Yong C. Choi, Ross N. Nazar, and Harris Busch
Low-Molecular-Weight Nuclear RNA's
Tae Suk Ro-Choi and Harris Busch
Nuclear Proteins
Nuclear Proteins
Mark O. J. Olson and Harris Busch
Animal Nuclear DNA-Dependent RNA Polymerases
P. Chambon, F. Gissinger, C. Kedinger,
J. L. Mandel, and M. Meilhac
