Nuclear Disarmament and Non-Proliferation : Towards a Nuclear-Weapon-Free World?

2010·2.3 MB·English

by  Lodgaard, Sverre

Nuclear Disarmament and
Non- Proliferation
This book examines the current debate on nuclear non- proliferation and disarma-
ment, notably the international non- proliferation regime and how to implement
its disarmament provisions.
Discussing the requirements of a new international consensus on nuclear dis-
armament and non- proliferation, this book builds on the three pillars of the
nuclear non- proliferation treaty (NPT): non-p roliferation, disarmament and
peaceful uses of nuclear energy. It reviews the impact of Cold War and post-
Cold War policies on current disarmament initiatives and analyses contemporary
proliferation problems: how to deal with the states that never joined the NPT
(India, Pakistan and Israel); how states that have been moving towards nuclear
weapons have been brought back to non- nuclear-weapon status; and, in particu-
lar, how to deal with Iran and North Korea. The analysis centres on the relation-
ship between disarmament and non-p roliferation in an increasingly multi-c entric
world involving China and India as well as the US, the European powers and
Russia. It concludes with a description and discussion of three different worlds
without nuclear weapons and their implications for nuclear- disarmament
policies.
This book will be of great interest to all students of arms control, strategic
studies, war and conflict studies, and IR/security studies in general.
Sverre Lodgaard is a Senior Research Fellow at the Norwegian Institute of
International Affairs, Oslo.
Routledge Global Security Studies
Series editors: Aaron Karp, Regina Karp and Terry Teriff
1 Nuclear Proliferation and International Security
Sverre Lodgaard and Morten Bremer Maerli
 2  Global Insurgency and the Future of Armed Conflict
Debating fourth-g eneration warfare
Terry Terriff, Aaron Karp and Regina Karp
3 Terrorism and Weapons of Mass Destruction
Responding to the challenge
Edited by Ian Bellany
4 Globalization and WMD Proliferation
Edited by James A. Russell and Jim J. Wirtz
5 Power Shifts, Strategy and War
Declining states and international conflict
Dong Sun Lee
6 Energy Security and Global Politics
The militarization of resource management
Edited by Daniel Moran and James A. Russell
7 US Nuclear Weapons Policy After the Cold War
Russians, “rogues” and domestic division
Nick Ritchie
8 Security and Post- Conflict Reconstruction
Dealing with fighters in the aftermath of war
Edited by Robert Muggah
9 Network Centric Warfare and Coalition Operations
The new military operating systems
Paul T. Mitchell
10 American Foreign Policy and the Politics of Fear
Threat inflation since 9/11
Edited by A. Trevor Thrall and Jane K. Cramer
11 Risk, Global Governance and Security
The other war on terror
Yee- Kuang Heng and Kenneth McDonagh
12 Nuclear Weapons and Cooperative Security in the 21st Century
The new disorder
Stephen J. Cimbala
13 Political Economy and Grand Strategy
A neoclassical realist view
Mark R. Brawley
14 Iran and Nuclear Weapons
Protracted conflict and proliferation
Saira Khan
15 US Strategy in Africa
AFRICOM, terrorism and security challenges
Edited by David J. Francis
16 Great Powers and Strategic Stability in the 21st Century
Competing visions of world order
Edited by Graeme P. Herd
17 The Globalisation of NATO
Intervention, security and identity
Veronica M. Kitchen
18  International Conflict in the Asia- Pacific
Patterns, consequences and management
Jacob Bercovitch and Mikio Oishi
19 Nuclear Proliferation and International Order
Challenges to the Non-P roliferation Treaty
Edited by Olav Njølstad
20 Nuclear Disarmament and Non- Proliferation
Towards a nuclear-w eapon-free world?
Sverre Lodgaard

Nuclear Disarmament and
Non- Proliferation
Towards a nuclear-w eapon-free world?
Sverre Lodgaard
First published 2011
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by Routledge
270 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2010.
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© 2011 Sverre Lodgaard
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or
utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now
known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in
any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing
from the publishers.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-i n-Publication Data
A catalog record has been requested for this book
ISBN 0-203-84259-6 Master e-book ISBN
ISBN13: 978-0-415-58634-4 (hbk)
ISBN13: 978-0-203-84259-1 (ebk)
Contents
Abbreviations ix
Introduction 1
PART I
Power shifts and nuclear weapons 7
1 Power shifts and nuclear weapons 9
PART II
The legacies of nuclear history and the requirements of a
new consensus on non- proliferation and disarmament 41
2 The first nuclear era 43
3 Post- Cold War doctrines 53
4 A global consensus on non-p roliferation and disarmament 76
PART III
Proliferation problems and the role of nuclear disarmament 93
5 The three-s tate problem 95
6 Rollback experiences 115
7 Challenge from within: the case of Iran 133
viii Contents
8 How to understand North Korea 151
9 The relationship between disarmament and non-p roliferation 168
PART IV
Towards a nuclear- weapon-free world 193
10 Towards a nuclear-w eapon-free world 195
Notes 223
References 239
Index 253
Abbreviations
ABACC Agency for Accounting and Control of Nuclear Materials
ABM anti- ballistic missile
ALCM air- launched cruise missile
ANWFZ African Nuclear-W eapon-Free Zone
ASEAN Association of South East Asian Nations
BMD ballistic missile defence
BRIC Brazil, Russia, India, China
BWC Biological Weapons Convention
CBM confidence- building measures
CD Conference on Disarmament
CIA Central Intelligence Agency
CPI Counter- Proliferation Initiative
CTBT Comprehensive Test-Ban Treaty
CWC Chemical Weapons Convention
DPRK Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
E3 Britain, France and Germany
ECO Economic Cooperation Organisation
EU European Union
Euratom European Atomic Energy Community
FMCT Fissile Material Cut-O ff Treaty
G8 Group of eight leading industrial countries
GCC Gulf Cooperation Council
HEU highly enriched uranium
HWR heavy- water reactor
IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency
IBSA India, Brazil, South Africa Dialogue Forum
ICBM intercontinental ballistic missile
ICJ International Court of Justice
INF Intermediate-R ange Nuclear Forces
INFCIRC Information Circular (IAEA)
IRGC Iran Revolutionary Guards Corps
KEDO Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organisation
LEU low- enriched uranium