Table Of ContentN S A I D s
NON-STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS
AN OVERVIEW
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N S A I D s
NON-STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS
AN OVERVIEW
Swarnlata Saraf
Reader
Institute of Pharmacy,
Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University,
Raipur (C.G) - 492010 .
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PharmaMed Press
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Preface
It gives us immense pleasure in bringing out the first edition of the book
NSAIDs: An Overview
Musculoskeletal disorders presents a serious socioeconomic burden that
has and will continue to attract major research and development efforts aimed
at elucidating the basis of the disease as well as developing effective new
drug molecules as well as therapies. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
(NSAIDs) are the most frequently prescribed drugs worldwide in
musculoskeletal disorders. These are categorized as 'over-the counter' (OTe)
inavailability, and are also consumed on a non-prescription basis as well. The
approach and purpose of th is books are di fferent from those of the several
excellent books on the NSAIDs. No single book is available which covers all
the different aspects of NSAIDs. Many drug molecules are available in the
market but complete information on those molecules is not available in one
book especially the recently invented molecules. Drug professionals, research
scholars, graduate and undergraduate students of pharmacy all over the world
face problems in knowing all about such molecules. We have made the efforts
to compile information about NSAIDs at one place in this book. This book will
be beneficial to all professionals working in hospitals, clinics, academia, nursing,
drug stores, PG and research students of medicine and pharmacy.
The salient features of the book are
• It covers different areas of information viz; drug interactions,
contrainuications, warnings and combination of drugs
• FDA regulations for use of NSAlDs in clinics, hospitals and
dispensaries to help in preparing and dispensing as well as nursing
of NSAIDs.
• The physico-chemical properties with current literature review make
this manuscript helpful to researcher of medical and pharmacy.
• The generic names of the drugs are given with brand names which
are important and useful for physicians.
(VI) Preface
• Besides, all current information of individual drugs has been covered
which make it useful in the drug information centre of different
states as suggested by the WHO.
• Clinical aspects ofNSAIDs
This book consists of6 chapters.
Chapter [-Introduction, consists of general information ofNSAIDs such
as properties, classifications, brand names of drugs available all over the world,
combinations, side effects, mechanism of action, warning and contraindications
etc.
Chapter II, HI, IV and V consist of specific physicochemical properties of
individual drugs based on their chemical classification which covers interactions,
clinical values and trade names etc.
Chapter VI consists of tabular information about individual drugs which is
a ready reconer of NSAIDs.
There is no book for NSAIDs available in the market which has all
information at one place; hence, this manuscript will cater the need of all
interested professionals working in the field ofNSAIDs.
We have tried to make this book as informative and exhaustive as possible
within the constraints of time allotted to the subject in the curriculum of
different universities. This book provides copious information about NSAIDs
and points out their interactions and side effects.
We hope this book will be informative, beneficial and will fulfil the demands
of the undergraduate and graduate students, budding researchers of the
pharmacy, paramedical students as well as medical practitioners.
We are particularly indepted to our colleagues Mr. KamIesh Dashora
and Mr. Gopal Garg for their constant support to make this book.
-Author
Contents
Preface ................................................................................................ (v)
Chapterl
Introduction
eyc looxygenase Enzyme ................................................................. 2
Mechanism of Action ofNSAIDs ................................................... 3
Classification ofNSAIDs ................................................................ 6
Therapeutic Effects ......................................................................... 9
Side Effects ................................................................................... 10
Other Effects ................................................................................. 13
Drug Interactions ........................................................................... 16
NSAIDs in Varying Clinical Situations .......................................... 18
Marketed Dosage F orrn ........... ........................................ ............. 19
Warnings ........................................................................................ 24
Symptoms ofNSAID Overdose .................................................... 24
FDA Medication Guidelines ........................................................... 25
Drugs Information for Pharrnacist.. ............................................... 28
Chapter 2
Carboxylic Acid Derivative Compounds
Asprin ............................................................................................ 37
Diflunisal ........................................................................................ 42
Benorylate ..................................................................................... 44
Salsalate ......................................................................................... 45
Sodium salicylate ........................................................................... 51
Trisalicylate .................................................................................... 54
(viii) Contents
Aceclofenac ............................................................................ :. .... 58
Diclofenac ..................................................................................... 58
Tolmetin ......................................................................................... 66
Zomepirac ...................................................................................... 74
Carprofen ....................................................................................... 76
Ketorolac ....................................................................................... 79
Tromethamine ................................................................................ 83
Mefenamic ..................................................................................... 86
Flufenamic ..................................................................................... 90
Pirprofen ........................................................................................ 91
Fenbufen ........................................................................................ 93
Flurbiprofen .................................................................................... 97
Ketoprofen .................................................................................... 101
Oxaprozin ...................................................................................... 105
F enoprofen .................................................................................... 109
Indoprofen .................................................................................... 113
Naproxen ...................................................................................... 115
Suprofen ....................................................................................... 120
Niflumic ........................................................................................ 122
Chapter 3
EnolicAcid Compounds
Phenylbutazone ............................................................................. 125
Oxyphenbutazone ......................................................................... 127
Piroxicam ...................................................................................... 130
Isoxicam ....................................................................................... 134
Meloxicam .................................................................................... 135
Chapter 4
Non-Acidic Compounds
Nabumetone ................................................................................. 139
Tiaramide ...................................................................................... 140
Fluproquazone .............................................................................. 143
Proquazone ................................................................................... 146
Contents (Ix)
Chapter 5
Miscellaneous
Celecoxib ...................................................................................... 148
Etoricoxib ...................................................................................... 149
Nimesulide .................................................................................... 153
Valdecoxib .................................................................................... 154
Chapter 6
Tabular Infonnation ................................................................ 157
Bibliography ......................................................................................... 171
Some FAQ's .......................................................................................... 175
