Novel Catalysts in Advanced Oxidation of Organic Pollutants

69 Pages·2016·0.91 MB·English

by  Süheyda Atalay

SPRINGER BRIEFS IN MOLECULAR SCIENCE
GREEN CHEMISTRY FOR SUSTAINABILITY
Süheyda Atalay
Gülin Ersöz
Novel Catalysts
in Advanced
Oxidation
of Organic
Pollutants
123
SpringerBriefs in Molecular Science
Green Chemistry for Sustainability
Series editor
Sanjay K. Sharma, Jaipur, India
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/10045
ü ü ö
S heyda Atalay G lin Ers z
(cid:129)
Novel Catalysts
in Advanced Oxidation
of Organic Pollutants
123
Süheyda Atalay GülinErsöz
Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering
EgeUniversity EgeUniversity
İzmir İzmir
Turkey Turkey
ISSN 2191-5407 ISSN 2191-5415 (electronic)
SpringerBriefs inMolecular Science
ISSN 2212-9898
SpringerBriefs inGreen Chemistry for Sustainability
ISBN978-3-319-28948-9 ISBN978-3-319-28950-2 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-28950-2
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2015960783
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Preface
Many industrial activities utilize organic compounds as a key chemical in the
production of chemicals; hence, a wide range of organic compounds is detected in
industrial effluents. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), characterized by the
generation of highly reactive free radicals, which can unselectively oxidize and
mineralize organic compounds, are widely used for the treatment of industrial
wastewaters.Usingcatalystisakeystrategyinthesetreatmentprocessessincethey
change the operating conditions and also enhance the treatment efficiency. Hence,
thereisanever-presentneedfordevelopingnewenvironmentallyfriendlymethods
toward “greener” catalyst production processes.
The main goals are technologies of the invention, design and application of
catalysts and processes to reduce or to eliminate the use and generation of haz-
ardous substances, and where possible utilize renewable raw materials. This book
will offer comprehensive overview of the most recent developments in catalysts
used for advanced oxidation of organic pollutants. The novel catalysts used in
AOPs will be mainly investigated in two categories: homogeneous and heteroge-
neous catalysts. Among these catalyst categories, it will be mainly focused on
nanocatalysts,perovskite-typecatalysts,andgreencatalystsusedinseveraltypesof
advanced oxidation processes, such as those based on Fenton chemistry and pho-
tocatalytic oxidation, or hybrid technologies that combine different processes.
Topics outlined will be described in terms of both catalyst preparation and char-
acterization and reaction chemistry, and process technology.
Thisbookalsowillpresentcasestudieshighlightingtheapplicationofadvanced
oxidation processes for wastewater treatment using the above-mentioned catalysts.
v
Contents
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 Wastewater Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Advanced Oxidation Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2 Green Chemistry and Catalysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.1 Green Chemistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.2 General Considerations on Catalysts: Homogeneous versus
Heterogeneous Catalysts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.2.1 Homogeneous Catalysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.2.2 Heterogeneous Catalysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.2.3 Green Catalysts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.3 Fundamentals in Catalyst Preparation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.3.1 Basic Preparation Techniques for Bulk Catalysts
and Supports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.3.2 Basic Preparation Techniques for Supported Catalysts . . . . 15
2.4 Catalyst Characterization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3 Advanced Oxidation Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
3.1 General Process Principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
3.1.1 Classification of AOPs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.1.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of AOPs . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.2 Catalysis in Advanced Oxidation Processes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.2.1 Fenton Oxidation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3.2.2 Catalytic Wet Air Oxidation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
3.2.3 Catalytic Ozonation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
vii
viii Contents
4 Review on Catalysis in Advanced Oxidation Processes. . . . . . . . . . . 35
4.1 Nanotechnology in Green Catalysis in Advanced Oxidation
Process. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
4.2 Perovskite Type Catalysts in Advanced Oxidation Process . . . . . . 45
4.3 Greener Catalysts in Advanced Oxidation Process . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
5 Concluding Remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
About the Authors
Süheyda Atalay is a Professor in the Chemical
Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ege
University.ShecompletedherB.Sc.andM.Sc.degrees
at the Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of
Engineering, Ege University, in 1974 and 1976,
respectively.ShehasbeenawardedPh.D.in1984.She
has been working at the Chemical Engineering
Department of Ege University since 1975 with differ-
ent positions starting from research assistant to
full-time professor. She has published over 40 papers
in international journals, and she has oral and poster
communications at international conferences. She has
been teaching in different areas of chemical engineering, particularly in subjects
related to reaction engineering, chemical engineering design, modeling and simu-
lation, chemical engineering economics, kinetics and catalysis, principles of
heterogeneouscatalysis,hazardouswastetreatment,multiphasereactors,principles
of heterogeneous catalysis, and optimization in chemical reactors. She has a con-
siderable experience of Treatment of Gas and Liquid Pollutants, Advanced
Oxidation Processes, Catalyst Preparation and Characterization and Catalytic
Reactions. Besides the teaching responsibilities, she has also been in charge of
many administrative positions such as Head of the Department, Member of
Executive Administrative Committee, and recently Dean of the Faculty. At uni-
versity level, Prof. Atalay is coordinating institutionally both international
(ERASMUS) and national (FARABI, MEVLANA) mobility programs. She has
beenresponsiblefortheimplementationofECTS/DSstudiesatEgeUniversity.She
is a member of the Turkish National Team of Bologna Experts since 2004. She is
the National Academic Contact Person of Turkey for ECTS/DS issues. She has a
greatexperienceontheaccreditationofengineeringprograms,andsheisoneofthe
programevaluators ofengineering accreditation bodyinMÜDEK(Associationfor
ix
x AbouttheAuthors
Evaluation and Accreditation of Engineering Programmes), Turkey. She has been
taken part in the thematic network projects Teaching and Research in Engineering
Education (TREE) and European and Global Engineering Education Academic
Network (EUGENE) which were supported by the European Commission.
Gülin Ersöz is an assistant Professor at the Faculty of
Engineering in Chemical Engineering at Ege
University. She received her bachelor and master
degrees in Chemical Engineering at Ege University in
1999and2002,respectively.ShehasbeenawardedPh.
D. in 2009. She has been working at the Chemical
Engineering Department of Ege University since 1999.
Her research interests are mainly wastewater treatment
by advanced oxidation processes and catalyst prepara-
tion and characterization. She has several publications
on generally wastewater treatment in international
peer-reviewed journals and oral and poster communi-
cations at international conferences. She has been teaching reaction engineering,
hazardous waste treatment, chemical engineering economics, and differential
equationcourses.Ersözistheco-coordinatorofinternational(ERASMUS)andthe
coordinator of national (MEVLANA) mobility programs of the Chemical
Engineering Department.