Novel Antimicrobial Agents & Strategies

439 Pages·2014·4.42 MB·English

by  David A. Phoenix

Editedby
DavidA.Phoenix,
FrederickHarris,and
SarahR.Dennison
NovelAntimicrobialAgents
andStrategies
RelatedTitles
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Editedby
DavidA.Phoenix,FrederickHarris,
andSarahR.Dennison
Novel Antimicrobial Agents and Strategies
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V
Contents
ListofContributors XI
Preface XVII
1 TheProblemofMicrobialDrugResistance 1
IzaRadecka,ClaireMartin,andDavidHill
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 HistoryoftheOrigins,Development,andUseofConventional
Antibiotics 1
1.3 ProblemsofAntibioticResistance 4
1.4 MultipleDrug-Resistant(MDR),ExtensivelyDrug-Resistant(XDR),
andPan-Drug-Resistant(PDR)Organisms 5
1.5 MDRMechanismsofMajorPathogens 5
1.6 AntimicrobialStewardshipPrograms 11
1.7 Discussion 12
Acknowledgment 13
References 13
2 ConventionalAntibiotics–RevitalizedbyNewAgents 17
AnthonyCoatesandYanminHu
2.1 Introduction 17
2.2 ConventionalAntibiotics 18
2.3 ThePrinciplesofCombinationAntibioticTherapy 20
2.4 AntibioticResistanceBreakers:RevitalizeConventional
Antibiotics 21
2.4.1 β-LactamaseInhibitors 21
2.4.2 Aminoglycoside-ModifyingEnzymeInhibitors 23
2.4.3 AntibioticEffluxPumpsInhibitors 23
2.4.4 SynergyAssociatedwithBacterialMembranePermeators 23
2.5 Discussion 25
Acknowledgments 26
References 26
VI Contents
3 DevelopingNovelBacterialTargets:CarbonicAnhydrasesas
AntibacterialDrugTargets 31
ClementeCapassoandClaudiuT.Supuran
3.1 Introduction 31
3.2 CarbonicAnhydrases 31
3.3 CAInhibitors 32
3.4 ClassesofCAsPresentinBacteria 33
3.5 PathogenicBacterialCAs 35
3.6 α-CAsinPathogenicBacteria 35
3.7 β-CAsinPathogenicBacteria 37
3.8 γ-CAsfromPathogenicBacteria 39
3.9 Conclusions 40
References 41
4 Magainins–AModelforDevelopmentofEukaryoticAntimicrobial
Peptides(AMPs) 47
SarahR.Dennison,FrederickHarris,andDavidA.Phoenix
4.1 Introduction 47
4.2 MagaininsandTheirAntimicrobialAction 49
4.3 MagaininsasAntibiotics 51
4.4 OtherAntimicrobialUsesofMagainins 55
4.5 FutureProspectsforMagainins 57
References 58
5 AntimicrobialPeptidesfromProkaryotes 71
MaryamHassan,MortenKjos,IngolfF.Nes,DzungB.Diep,
andFarzanehLotfipour
5.1 Introduction 71
5.2 Bacteriocins 73
5.2.1 Microcins–PeptideBacteriocinsfromGram-NegativeBacteria 73
5.2.2 Lanthibiotics–Post-translationallyModifiedPeptidesfrom
Gram-PositiveBacteria 76
5.2.3 Non-modifiedPeptidesfromGram-PositiveBacteria 77
5.3 ApplicationsofProkaryoticAMPs 79
5.3.1 FoodBiopreservation 79
5.3.2 BacteriocinogenicProbiotics 80
5.3.3 ClinicalApplication 81
5.3.4 ApplicationsinDentalCare 82
5.4 DevelopmentandDiscoveryofNovelAMP 82
References 84
6 PeptidomimeticsasAntimicrobialAgents 91
PengTeng,HaifanWu,andJianfengCai
6.1 Introduction 91
6.2 AntimicrobialPeptidomimetics 93
Contents VII
6.2.1 Peptoids 93
6.2.2 β-Peptides 94
6.2.3 Arylamides 96
6.2.4 β-Peptoid–PeptideHybridOligomers 97
6.2.5 Oligoureaandγ4-Peptide-BasedOligomers 98
6.2.6 AApeptides 98
6.2.6.1 α-AApeptides 99
6.2.6.2 γ-AApeptides 101
6.3 Discussion 102
Acknowledgments 103
References 103
7 SyntheticBiologyandTherapiesforInfectiousDiseases 109
HirokiAndo,RobertCitorik,SaraCleto,SebastienLemire,MarkMimee,
andTimothyLu
7.1 CurrentChallengesintheTreatmentofInfectiousDiseases 109
7.2 IntroductiontoSyntheticBiology 112
7.3 Vaccinology 113
7.3.1 GeneticEngineeringandVaccineDevelopment 114
7.3.2 RationalAntigenDesignThroughReverseVaccinology 119
7.4 Bacteriophages:ARe-emergingSolution? 122
7.4.1 ABriefHistoryofBacteriophages 122
7.4.2 AddressingtheProblemoftheRestrictedHostRangeofPhages 124
7.4.3 PhageGenomeEngineeringforEnhancedTherapeutics 129
7.4.4 PhagesasDeliveryAgentsforAntibacterialCargos 132
7.5 IsolatedPhagePartsasAntimicrobials 133
7.5.1 EngineeredPhageLysins 133
7.5.2 Pyocins:DeadlyPhageTails 135
7.5.3 UntappedReservoirsofAntibacterialActivity 136
7.6 PredatoryBacteriaandProbioticBacterialTherapy 136
7.7 NaturalProductsDiscoveryandEngineering 139
7.7.1 InSilicoandInVitroGenomeMiningforNaturalProducts 140
7.7.2 StrainEngineeringforNaturalProducts 144
7.7.2.1 ProductionoftheAntimalarialArtemisinin 145
7.7.2.2 Daptomycin(Cubicin) 147
7.7.2.3 Echinomycin 147
7.7.2.4 ClavulanicAcid 148
7.7.2.5 ProductionoftheAntiparasiticAvermectinandItsAnalogs
DoramectinandIvermectin 149
7.7.2.6 ProductionofDoxorubicin/Daunorubicin 149
7.7.2.7 DevelopmentofHostsfortheExpressionofNonribosomalPeptides
andPolyketides 150
7.7.3 GenerationofNovelMoleculesbyRationalReprogramming 152
7.7.4 EngineeringNRPSandPKSDomains 154
7.7.5 ActivationofCrypticGenes/Clusters 155
VIII Contents
7.7.6 MutasynthesisasaSourceofNovelAnalogs 157
7.8 Summary 157
Acknowledgments 157
References 158
8 Nano-AntimicrobialsBasedonMetals 181
MariaChiaraSportelli,RosariaAnnaPicca,andNicolaCioffi
8.1 Introduction 181
8.2 SilverNano-antimicrobials 182
8.2.1 SynthesisofSilverNanostructures 182
8.2.1.1 PhysicalApproaches 183
8.2.1.2 LaserAblationinLiquids 183
8.2.1.3 ChemicalApproaches 183
8.2.1.4 BiologicalandBiotechnologicalApproaches 184
8.2.1.5 ElectrochemicalApproaches 184
8.2.2 CharacterizationofSilverNanostructures 185
8.2.3 ApplicationsofSilverNanostructures 187
8.2.3.1 Silver-BasedNano-antimicrobials 187
8.3 CopperNano-antimicrobials 190
8.3.1 PreparationandApplicationsofAntimicrobialCu
Nanostructures 190
8.3.1.1 PhysicalMethods 190
8.3.1.2 Wet-ChemicalMethods 192
8.3.1.3 ElectrochemicalSyntheses 195
8.3.1.4 LaserAblationinLiquids 196
8.3.1.5 BiologicalSyntheses 197
8.4 ZincOxideNano-antimicrobials 197
8.4.1 SynthesisofZincOxideNanostructures 197
8.4.1.1 PhysicalApproaches 198
8.4.1.2 ChemicalApproaches 198
8.4.1.3 ElectrochemicalApproaches 200
8.5 Conclusions 201
References 201
9 NaturalProductsasAntimicrobialAgents–anUpdate 219
MuhammadSaleem
9.1 Introduction 219
9.2 AntimicrobialNaturalProductsfromPlants 220
9.2.1 AntimicrobialAlkaloidsfromPlants 220
9.2.2 AntimicrobialAlkaloidsfromMicrobialSources 223
9.2.3 AntimicrobialAlkaloidsfromMarineSources 225
9.3 AntimicrobialNaturalProductsBearinganAcetyleneFunction 226
9.4 AntimicrobialCarbohydrates 228
9.5 AntimicrobialNaturalChromenes 228
9.6 AntimicrobialNaturalCoumarins 229