Novel and Ancient Technologies for Heating and Cooling Buildings

127 Pages·2011·4.69 MB·English

DOCTORA L T H E S I S
Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering
Division of Architecture and Water
ISSN: 1402-1544 ISBN 978-91-7439-316-3
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Doctoral Thesis

Novel and Ancient Technologies
for Heating and Cooling Buildings
Sofiane AMARA
2011-10-28
Renewable Energy Group
Division of Architecture and Water
Dept. of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Eng.
Luleå University of Technology (LTU)
SE-97187 Luleå, Sweden
Printed by Universitetstryckeriet, Luleå 2011
ISSN: 1402-1544
ISBN 978-91-7439-316-3
Luleå 2011
www.ltu.se
ERRATA PAGE

This corrigendum is to precise that the three first paragraphs of page 47 and 48 and in Figure 6.3 of
page 48 in section 6.1 have been taken and translated from French from [1].

[1] Thiers, S (2008) Bilans énergétiques et environnementaux de bâtiments á énergie positive. Thèse
de doctorat. Ecole nationale Supérieure Des Mines De Paris
Novel and ancient technologies for heating and cooling buildings

Table of Contents

Acknowledgements...............................................................................................................- 7 -
Thesis Outline.....................................................................................................................- 11 -

1. Introduction.................................................................................................................- 13 -
1.1. The building................................................................................................................- 14 -
1.2. Renewable energy in Algeria......................................................................................- 14 -
1.3. Solar radiation.............................................................................................................- 14 -
1.4. Wind energy................................................................................................................- 15 -
1.5. Hydropower.................................................................................................................- 15 -
1.6. Geothermal..................................................................................................................- 15 -
1.7. Bioclimatic house........................................................................................................- 16 -

2. Objectives and Scope..................................................................................................- 17 -
2.1. Characteristic energy load for single-family house in Algeria...................................- 17 -
2.2. Thermal stratification in the buffer tank.....................................................................- 17 -
2.3. Solar collector and optical fibers for direct solar radiation.........................................- 18 -
2.4. Fouggara for heating and cooling buildings in Sahara................................................- 18 -

3. Heating and cooling demand at the Tlemcen site.......................................................- 19 -
3.1. State of the art of thermal comfort..............................................................................- 19 -
3.2. Thermal comfort..........................................................................................................- 19 -
3.3. Geographical characteristics.......................................................................................- 20 -
3.4. Solar radiation.............................................................................................................- 20 -
3.5. Relative humidity........................................................................................................- 21 -
3.6. Air temperature...........................................................................................................- 21 -
3.7. Energy requirements...................................................................................................- 22 -
3.7.1. Heating and cooling degree days........................................................................- 22 -
3.8. Building.......................................................................................................................- 23 -
3.9. Adaptation of the resource to requirements................................................................- 25 -
Novel and ancient technologies for heating and cooling buildings

4. Experimental study of the thermal behaviour of a domestic hot water storage..........- 26 -
4.1. System description......................................................................................................- 27 -
4.2. Field experiments........................................................................................................- 29 -
4.3. Drawing off influence in tank thermal behaviour.......................................................- 32 -
4.4. Exchangers..................................................................................................................- 32 -
4.5. Conclusion...................................................................................................................- 36 -

5. System for hot water production and storage..............................................................- 37 -
5.1. Prototype concentrator design.....................................................................................- 38 -
5.2. Outline of Studied system,..........................................................................................- 39 -
5.3. Experimental study of the prototype...........................................................................- 42 -
5.4. Results and discussion.................................................................................................- 43 -
5.5. Concluding remarks....................................................................................................- 45 -

6. Using Fouggara for Heating and Cooling Buildings in Sahara...................................- 46 -
6.1. Heating and cooling using the ground.........................................................................- 47 -
6.2. Fouggara: An ancient system for underground transport of water..............................- 48 -
6.3. Characteristics.............................................................................................................- 49 -
6.4. Conclusion...................................................................................................................- 52 -

7. General Conclusion.....................................................................................................- 53 -
7.1. Further research...........................................................................................................- 54 -

References...........................................................................................................................- 55 -
Novel and ancient technologies for heating and cooling buildings

Il faut distinguer pour les décennies à venir le prévisible, le probable et
l'incertain, en tenant compte que très souvent l'inattendu arrive
Edgar Morin
C'est une triste chose de songer que la nature parle et que le genre humain ne
l'écoute pas
Victor Hugo
Une nouvelle manière de penser est nécessaire si l'humanité veut survivre
Albert Einstein
Agir dès maintenant, c’est l’urgence
Hubert Reeves
Dans la vie, il y a deux catégories d’individus :
Ceux qui regardent le monde tel qu’il est et se demandent pourquoi.
Ceux qui imaginent le monde tel qu’il devrait être et se disent: pourquoi pas ?
George-Bernard Shaw
Novel and ancient technologies for heating and cooling buildings
Novel and ancient technologies for heating and cooling buildings

In memory of Professor Torbjörn Jilar,
SLU, Alnarp, Sweden