Table Of ContentON
NOTES PSEUDOGNAPHALIUM
VARIATION
IN
OBTUSIFOLIUM (ASTERACEAE: GNAPHALIEAE)
Guy Nesom
L.
USA
WorthJX
Fort 761 02-4060,
ABSTRACT
seudogn aphalium (Gnaphalium) obum/oliumsensustrictoisva over geographic rang
I .riable its
graphically. Variety praecox, describee[from localities on the Atla nd Gulf coastal plains on
basis of :arly-season flowering and
e a:
—
species and does not deservi
G
treated at varietal rank within both the closely related Gnaphal
id
morphology from
distinct in
m
1
"
baia
.omtcrankasPseudognophal
ri;mimi-k
Pseudogn aphalium (Gnaphalium) obtiisifolium sensustrictoesva riable alolargodesudistnbiK
-n-oor.il'c.
geograficamente. La variedad praecox descrita de localidades de aticoyllanurascosteras
,
Golfoentjase a su floracion temprana yunacapitulescenciaalargada.s olo puede ser separada d
Gm
tratada a nivel varietal lantoen Gnaphalium obi usifolnim como ;n jphaliumhel!eri,esdisti
c
morfologi nte.Sclcdaelrangotaxonon
equivalenitecomo Pseudognaphaliumm icradenium (Weatherby) Ne comb,
star nov.
JS0H1,. et
Before transfer to Pseudognaphalium, as (Gnaphalium) obtusifolium
its (L.)
P.
&
Gnaphalium
Hilliard Burtt, obtusifolium has. times, been treated with up
at
to five varieties: var. okusifoliunr var. praecox, van hcllcn, var. micradenium,
and var. saxicola Fernald 1950: vonquist 1980;Gleason&Cronquist 1991).
(e.g., C
nun
Aspects of variation al lectin th 'the irsl lour of thesi \n
>l )v\
i 1
The
sidered in the present paper. status the morphologically reduced and
of
apparently narrowly endemic Gnaphalium v/vim basset current mulei
In is lv
t
study by D.S. Feller at the University Wisconsin. The current study based
o\ is
on examination cthan peenn
ensu!a.n>h,
ol >0 n oln usijolturii
I'll
GH, NCU, TEX-LL, and
BRIT, US.
Variation in vestiture in typical Pseudogn aphalium obtusifolium
1.
The Hidden
type, distribution n ln!a hairsoi the stems and leaves
n
i
main
significant in the identification of species Pscudognaphalium.
is ol
hawb
Vestiture variable within Pobtusifoliw published description
is Ld n
specimen
Blake (1918, 72) noted that "If the wool of a of [typical] G.
p.
GmioMMi w moved opium eTuuT hapc and posi
pivi .inula:
in > in
'ii l\
tion to those of the variety [var. hello are found." Pernald described the stems
i\
and branches as "closely whitc-lanatc" l9 3o. 52) and covered with a close
p. .2
(
white pubescence" 1464) without mentioning glands.
felt-like (1950,
p.
ems com-
,roiu|uist 980, 177) observed thai are "thinly white-woolly
(1 lie si
C p.
l
monly becoming
subglabrous (or even a glandular) near the base;" in the
le
lit
I
key to species he noted that the stems are "scared v glandular except sometimes
uncom-
near the base." Observat ions here are similar to C'ronquist's— glands are
mon when
under the closely lanate stem vcstiturc, and glands do occur, they
may
eaulme
are near the base the plant. Minute, sessile glands rarely be
ol
present beneath the eaulme tomentum. Plants with glandular stems do not
show other features to suggest that presence eaulme glands reflects hybrid
ol
influence of other species.
hem
(mu/Gu
Pernald (.1930, 2 32) observed hat the leaves of obi n /nbimi
p. si
I
com mon
hough
gland glandular
are noi al\\a\s. ulai oi pa pi laie ah. e
v, <\
I I I
Gronquist (1980. 177) described the leaves as roni glabrous to slightly glan-
p. "I
dular or slightly woolly above." Observations here confirm the variability of
vestttureon upper leaf surfaces. Glandular upper surfaces are found on plants
from Minnesota. Maryland. Mississippi Glahoma. \rkansas,and Texas
Illinois,
t.
(and probably other states). The glands have short, filiform stipes more like those
may
of var micvculcnium than |var hclloi (see ke\ below but the stipes be so
j.
| 1
short that the glands are nearly sessile. he persistent, thickened bases of the
"I
tomentum may
unisenate, filiform hairs of the be gland-like appearance but
in
they are different from the biseiaate. glandular
hairs.
The
high ratio of pistillate florets to bisexual florets in IbouboiOicipiitilium
obtusifolium and the small amount ol pollen produced by the bisexual florets
may modcol
suggest that self-pollination be the prevalent h production
nit
(e.g.,
Noyes formation morphological would
2000); so, o^ local races be expected.
if
the range of the species, where plants from counties on the P.dwards Plateau
and slightly eastward have stipiiate glandular leaves, while plants elsewhere
in the state have leaves eglandular and completeb glabrous sparsely arach-
to
noid on he upper surface. Si in at gland ulai leaves are produced in other parts
t \
1 I
1
and would
the range, however, be inconsistent recognize Texas en-
to this
o\'
it
clave with formal taxonomy. Ie\as plants of Pnhrnsi/n/ including those with
mil}-
glandularand eglandular produce numbers
leaves, the lowest of bisexual flow-
any sampled whole
ers per capitula over the species range.
ol
1. Stain*. o\ .inij'-. •:',; ,'i', \ \i>\nn» *.n. />fi« n\
( ti
t
Gnaphaliuin obtusijolium pnicco.x Pernald PscuJo^miphdlium oblusi-
var. (-
was
foliuin var pivcoox-(Pernald) Kariesr.) described from coastal plain localities
m
mJ
bama
South on
in Virginia, jidI in the basis of early-season
C ia
i (
I
T
flowering and an atypical donatio ipu ccncc (Fernald presence
1936).
y Its
1
&
New
was noted (Fernald Maryland (Brown Brown
later in Jersey 1950), 1984),
m
mm
and North Carolina 1000 Oo
i'n lonal u \hl«
:
i ! I i l l ( I i
synonym GnaphaPium
treated var. praecox as a of typical ohtusifolium, while
NO)
Cronquist (1980) and Gleasou and roiupus! did not even mention
( it.
(
The
taxon an emit ntl\h only few
as accepted, ipj n pei isted in a f loristic
Massey Brown and Brown
accounts, Kartesz
(1961), (1984), (1999).
e.g.,
Plants of var. praecox cited in the prorologue by Fernald (1936) flowered 17
23 July 5 August, and August. Other specimens (GH, US) collected by
July, 11
Fernald in southwestern Virginia and identified by him as praecox were
var.
flowering in August and September Based on records from more than 600
col-
Hum
P GH, NCU, TEX-LL, and
lections of obtusijo at BRIT, US, plants at anthesis
in the southeastern United State ha been collected primarily from
In
li
i I i
week August through mid October with bloomers two
o\ a lew early in the last
weeksofjulyanda lew hue bloomers thy imi two-thirds of November. Flow-
in
ering times in Canada and more northern parts the U.S. apparently begin
o\
made
slightly later and end slightly as most collections have been from
earlier,
mid-August through September and Vtober. These observations extend
carl v
(.
the beginning of normal flowering of the species, the southeastern com
in
>..
(
pared the range lowering times observed by Fernald UP,o he basis
to o\ in oi
I . i
GH
of collections. While the collections praecox cited by Fernald are
ol var.
seasonally the\ are not outside the range normal lowering typical
early, o\ lor
I
plants of the species and (Joes not seem unusual that on the Atlantic and Gulf
it
warmer
coastal plains, with temperatures and generally earlier phenologies,
m rmo
flowering should begin hen
in ohtusifolium irlierthanel
tin
P.
i >
The
eapituleseence Pscudoynaplialiuin normally
of ohi usijoliura dis-
is
corymboid
tinctly 0"1 -topped), tins configuration usually attained before the
at
capitula reach full ant In In plant di lied by rrnald as var. praecox, flo-
i « i I
riferous branches developing from Lower nodes and not elongating
relatively to
the full eapituleseence height produce a eapituleseence thai l elongate-cylin-
is
dric to thyreoid." In ohtustjoPmnc a cylindric eapituleseence in full anthesis
is
P.
rare, and most of the plants identified by Fernald as var. praecox did not pro-
shown
duce the distinctly cylindric eapituleseence the type specimens
in (see
uncommon
protologue photograph). not encounter primarily
to a
is
It
corymboid eapituleseence at anthesis with lover branches in various stages of
development or with lower branches anthesis considerably shorter
earlier
al
than the upper branches. Nor do such variants appear be strongly correlated
to
with flowering.
earl)
Fernald (1936, 233) noted that "search for technical characters [to distin-
p.
guish var. praecox] in flowers and achenes has failed to reveal them," and this is
confirmed here. Plants segregated by Fernald as var praccox tend to flower in
md
the earlier part the phonological rangi miIi oil heircapitulescence
o\
i
i
minor and overlapping way from plants typical usijolium,
differs in a ol oht
P.
but no other differences separate these taxa. This evidence indicates that var.
praccox has no status as an evolutionary entity and taxonomic recognition
its
not
justified.
is
micradenium
Status of GiKiphidium ohtusifolium var.
3.
micradenium was originally described varietal rank by Weatherby (1923)
at
Var.
and more [Gnaphalium
"apparently the northern inland representative of
as
UAitton Idaho winch seems be confined the
ohtusifolium} var. hcllcri to to
)
coastal plain." was accepted at varietal rank by Fernald (1950, as G.
ft
micradenium), Mahler micradeniumX
ohtusifolium var. (1975, as G. helleri var.
micradenium
and other accounts. Ablest h)0S). liowe\ placed as
lor istic or, var.
f
synonym while Cronquist and Gleason
(1980)
a of G. obtusijol urn (vs. G. hcllcri),
i
synonym
micradenium
and Cronquist (1991, implicitly) treated var. as a of G.
hellen.
Weatherby micradenium and
(1923) initial contrast of var. var. helleri,
's
emphasizing gland nl n n a\c,} h morphologx remains relatively accurate.
\ ii
number
morphology and capitulum
Difference gland the florets per fur-
in oi
ther sharpen the distinction. Although micradenium and hellen have
var.
\'ar.
ma
largely opat no ranges (general!)' as pped by Mahler M75), a region of sym-
all
patic exists ml .eergia Mouth Carolina, Nori h a ml ma. and southeastern Virginia.
l
haw
Intermediates not been encountered uggi hat they arc reproductively
tint
l
isolated. The two taxa were intermixed and col looted togct her in Northampton
Virginia-var. micradenium (Fernald and Long5770, GH), hellerUFernald
Co., var.
GH)-as
and Long5550 and 5551 noted by the label data on the collections. Evi-
hand
dence indicates that each reasonably treated as distinct species, as
at is a
summarized
new combination and morphological con-
reflected in the in the
trasts in the key below.
MM
Pseudognaphaliuin uK-uium herbv Nesom comb nov
mil et stat
it
)
mn rademum
Gnaphalium ohtusifolium var Mcathcrhv. Rhodora 25:22. 1923.
Gnaphalium hcllcri var micradenium Wcathorlw Mahler. Sida 0:32. 1973.
l )
Pscudo^nuphulium hcllcri var. hi rude ni um( Wcarherhvi Kan as;: Synth. N. Amor.
it
UNITED
Fl.(ed.l).1999. rYPE: STATES Massac husem Barnstable Co.: dry, sandy
rs.
MMY>
openings ainoiaj, scrnh eak, Banisublr. 7 Oct Ml M.J. Pcruald UI0M.OTYH-::
7.
GH!).
whim
Stems persistently totn.'ntuse fclie<l/,<>in<'tinn ",1k ihtly so, usually ('glandular,
I.
m
iiik f union |l lul it t u III hi | i nil H II t t l "t hi « u ,1 II >i« I 1
Pseudognaphalium
plants only slight fragrant.
Iv at all
1);
( 1 I
Pseudognaphalium
n
Pseudognaphalium
longer than wide. helleri
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
am GH, NCU, TEX-LL, and US help dur-
grateful to the staffs of BRIT, for their
I
Holmes and Alexander K
ing study those herbaria and to Walter rings (or
at
comments on manuscript.
the
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h
i i i I i ' i i ' i I
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