Table Of ContentWilson Bull., 1 1 1(2), 1999, pp. 229-235
NOTES ON THE AVIFAUNA OF TABASCO
KEVIN WINKER,' STEFAN ARRIAGA WEISS, JUANA LOURDES TREJO
^ P.,^
AND PATRICIA ESCALANTE P'
—
ABSTRACT. Tabasco, a Mexican state nearly half the size of the country of Costa Rica, lies juxtaposed
between the Isthmus of Tehuantepec and the Yucatan Peninsula. This state hosts a diverse Neotropical resident
avifauna, is a significant wintering area for Nearctic-Neotropic migrants, and has important biogeographic sig-
nificance. Surprisingly little recent ornithological study has occurred in Tabasco; the last major publication treats
data from 1939. Field work in March 1996 and recent specimens add nine species to the state list: Caprimulgus
vociferus, Chaetura vaiixi. Campylopterus excellens, Enipidonax albigularis, Thryothorus modestus, Turdus in-
fuscatus. Myadestes unicolor, Limnothlypis swainsonii, and Vermivora ruficapilla. The status of26 other species
is discussed. Further evidence of lowland forests being used as temporary refugia by birds from higher elevations
is also considered. Received 20 May 1998, accepted 19 Nov. 1998.
“Compared to many of the Mexican States, Tabasco has been slighted ornithologically. Anything collectors
could obtain in Tabasco could also be found in southern Veracruz with less effort. If the collector were to
exert the effort necessary to enter Tabasco, he might as well go the entire distance and travel on to the
Yucatan Peninsula, an area with many unique and peculiar forms.” Berrett (1962:4).
Tabasco, a state of approximately 24,600 because specimen representation is sparse, er-
km^, is situated on the northeastern side of the rors and omissions regarding the distribution
Isthmus of Tehuantepec on the Gulf of Mex- and occurrence of birds in the state have been
ico (Fig. 1). The ornithological neglect of Ta- fairly common (e.g., Peterson and Chalif
basco noted by Berrett (1962) has generally 1973, Howell and Webb 1995). The last major
continued for the past 35 years. Berrett (1962) publication on the birds of Tabasco is the out-
added 166 species to those previously known dated report by Brodkorb (1943), which was
from Tabasco and reported a total of 457 spe- based on a collection made in the region by
cies from the state. The bibliographic and mu- the botanist Eizi Matuda and his assistants in
seum database research of Centeno (1994) 1939.
added 73 species to the total reported by Ber- In this paper we report on our recent efforts
rett (1962), but the knowledge of avian dis- to increase existing knowledge of the birds of
tribution within Tabasco and specimen repre- Tabasco. In March 1996 we held a collabo-
sentation of the birds of the state remain rel- rative field workshop in the municipios of
atively poor. Avian specimens apparently do Centla and Huimanguillo. In Centla (the
not even exist from 3 of the state’s 17 muni- northeastern most municipio in the state, bor-
cipios (the equivalent of counties in the dering Campeche), our field studies were con-
U.S.A.; Centeno 1994). ducted from 4—13 March on the Rio Grijalva
Perhaps because the two major works on in the Reserva de la Biosfera Pantanos de
Tabasco birds in the last 55 years are not read- Centla (Fig. 1). Our studies were focused
ily available (Berrett 1962, Centeno 1994) and mainly on two sites in the area of 18° 29' N,
92° 38' W. The first site was a remnant tract
Conservation & Research Center, NZP, Smithson- of mangrove {Rhizophora mangle) and puktal
'
ian Institution, 1500 Remount Rd., Front Royal, VA (Bucida buceras) forest (a selva perennifolia,
22630. or evergreen forest) along the banks of Anoyo
^ Division Academica de Ciencias Biologicas, Univ.
Juarez Autdnoma de Tabasco, Km 0.5 Car. Villahcr- Polo, a tributary of the Rio Grijalva about 4
mosa-Cardenas, Villahermosa, Tabasco 86000, Mexi- km south of Frontera. The other area was a
co. partially flooded, shrubby pasture on the
^ Instituto de Biologi'a, Depto. de Zoologfa, Univ. banks of the Rio Grijalva and Rio San Pedrito,
Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Apartado Postal 70- about 14 km south of Frontera. Additional ob-
153, Mexico, DF 04510. servations were made on water and land be-
* Present address: Univ. ofAlaska Museum, 907 Yu-
kon Dr., Fairbanks, AK 99775-6960. tween these two sites.
’Corresponding author; E-mail; [email protected] In Huimanguillo, the southwestemmost
229
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230 THE WILSON BULLETIN • Vol. HI, No. 2, June 1999
FIG. 1. The Mexican state of Tabasco, with its capital city of Villaheimosa and the location of our study
sites at the Biosphere Reserve of Pantanos de Centla and near the ejido of Malpasito.
municipio (bordering Veracruz and Chiapas), mento de Zoologia, Universidad Nacional Au-
our field studies were conducted from 14-22 tonoma de Mexico, in Mexico City. Our spec-
March in the southwesternmost corner of the imens representing new records for the state
state, below Cerro La Pava, west of Ejido were also deposited in CNAV. A number of
Malpasito, and approximately 5 km west of records we report as new for the state were
the state’s border with Chiapas (ca 17° 20' N, predicted by Benett (1962). Several of our re-
m
93° 36' W, 300-500 elevation; Fig. 1). This cords expand the known distribution of par-
site consisted of open fields, pastures, small ticular species within the state; many of these
fruit and coffee plantations, acahual (second were also foreseen by Beirett (1962).
growth forest), and remnant rainforest patches
restricted to mountain crevices and aiToyos. SPECIES ACCOUNTS
In addition to specimens and observations
obtained during our field work, we include Broad-winged Hawk (Biiteo platyptenis).
some additional specimen-based information Berrett ( 1962) recorded only two observations
for the birds of Tabasco from the national or- of this species in Tabasco, both of migratory
nithological collection of Mexico (Coleccion flocks (28 March 1960, 17 April 1961). What
—
Nacional dc las Aves CNAV), which is appears to be the first state specimen, a female
housed at the Instituto de Biologfa, Departa- in migration, was taken at Balneario Agua
——— —
1
Winker el al. • TABASCO AVIFAUNA 231
Blanca, Macuspana, on 13 March 1989 March and 7 May were in breeding condition.
(CNAV 13,523). An individual found during the day in river-
—
Ruddy Crake (Laterallus ruber). BeiTCtt bank mangrove/selva forest on 5 and 6 March
(1962) noted that the species had been re- acted as though it was nesting when we
ported from only two areas in the state (near flushed it. We did not find a nest, but on 7
Tenosique and Teapa), but that it was probably March found a single egg laid on the leaf litter
more widespread. We found the species to be in one of our mist net lanes. We captured and
very common at Pantanos de Centla, hearing banded the bird when it returned to this nest.
its distinctive vocalizations daily during our A second egg was laid by 12 March (our next
stay in the aiea. visit to the site).
Common Snipe (Gallinago gallinago). Whip-poor-will (Caprimulgus vociferus).
Berrett 962) reported few Tabasco records New record. Berrett (1962) noted only a sin-
( 1
of this wintering migrant, including only three gle report of this species from Tabasco, that
sightings of his own. All but one of the re- of Rovirosa (1887). Rovirosa’s observations
cords (from Sanchez Magallanes) were from are notoriously suspect, however; Brodkorb
southern, inland areas of the state. We ob- (1943:8) stated that “ scarcely any reli-
. . .
served at least one individual per day at Pan- ance can be placed on his records which have
tanos de Centla on 8-10 March. not been confirmed by other workers.” In fact,
Sandwich Tern (Sterna sandvicensis). Rovirosa (1887) simply pooled all of his ca-
Berrett (1962) reported collecting the first primulgid observations under this single spe-
specimens for the state at Sanchez Magallanes cific epithet, apparently not knowing what
and Miramar; his observations of the species species he had observed and perhaps liking
did not extend beyond these areas. We found this particular name. Under “Antrostomus vo-
this tern to be common on the Rio Grijalva ciferus" he stated that various species of ca-
from Frontera to an area about 5 km to the primulgid occurred in the state from January
south. Two to approximately 40 individuals to May. Thus, based on present evidence (i.e.,
were seen almost daily during our stay in this Berrett 1962), it seems likely that Rovirosa
area. — was discussing one or more of the four other
Least Tern (Sterna antillarum). Berrett caprimulgids that have since been found to oc-
(1962) reported only a single specimen from cur in the state. Given its commonness and
the state taken by D. M. Lay on 2 May 1960 vocal habits, his observations probably con-
near Jonuta on the Rio Usumacinta. Apart sisted mostly of Nyctidromus albicollis, but
from the many individuals Lay observed near this is speculative, and does not explain his
Jonuta on 6 April and 2 May 1960, only two lack of records from the second half of the
other observations (both of single individuals) year.
KW
were reported by Berrett: one from Chable on distinctly heard a Whip-poor-will sing-
the Rio Usumacinta and the other from near ing at Pantanos de Centla on 9 Maixh. The
Chontalpa (Huimanguillo) on the R(o Grijal- song was of the “Mexican” subspecific group
va. These are all inland records. On 12 March (C. V. arizonae/oaxacae/chiapensis), which
at Pantanos de Centla we had the opportunity Howell and Webb (1995) suggested might oc-
to closely observe approximately 40 individ- cur in lowlands during the nonbreeding sea-
uals feeding over the Rio Grijalva near Fron- son. Subsequently, we discovered that a spec-
tera in loose aggregation with individuals of imen of this subspecies group had been taken
the preceding species. on 16 March 1984, 10 km S of Chontalpa,
Mangrove Cuckoo (Coccyzus minor). Municipio de Huimanguillo, by F. Ornelas
Berrett (1962) noted few Tabasco records and (CNAV 2,917). —
felt that the species was restricted to coastal Vaux’s Swift (Chaetura vaiixi). New Re-
areas. We note a male taken from a decidedly cord; no specimen. A flock of approximately
inland locality 6 km S of Huimanguillo on 6 15 individuals was seen and heard at close
March 1984 by H. Munoz (CNAV 2,904). range above Malpasito, Huimanguillo on 15
Common Parauque (Nyctidromus albicol- March, and a flock of 35-40 was seen each
—
lis). Berrett (1962) noted that his specimens day 16-18 March. The first migrant Chaetura
of this permanent resident taken between 1 pelagica of the spring (a species that might be
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232 THE WILSON BULLETIN Vol. Ill, No. 2, June 1999
confused with C. vaiixi) were seen and heard the site was associated with the weather; they
on 21 March. were undetected before a relatively cold norte
Violet—Sabrewing (Campylopterus hemileu- (cold, wet weather system from the north) ar-
curus). The four specimens recorded by rived on 19 March.
Berrett (1962) for the state all came from near Sepia-capped F—lycatcher (Leptopogon
Teapa. The single additional sight record not- amaurocephalus). A male taken on 20
ed was from near Chontalpa. We collected two March at Malpasito (testes moderately en-
females on 17 and 19 March at Malpasito. larged) extends the range of this species with-
Neither had yet entered reproductive condi- in the state to the westernmost occurrence of
tion. the rainforest belt.
Long-t—ailed Sabrewing (Campylopterus ex- Sulphur-rum—ped Flycatcher (Myiobius sul-
cellens). New Record. An adult female of phureipygius). As with the previous species,
this species was taken at Malpasito in remnant Berrett (1962) documented this species as a
forest at the edge of a small arroyo. This is permanent resident of the rainforest belt, but
the first record of this species for the state, lacked records for the westernmost rainforest
and also the northeastemmost occurrence of in the state. We collected a male with unen-
the species, which until recently has been con- larged testes in acahual at Malpasito on 20
sidered to have a very restiicted range (see March.
Winker et al. 1992a, Howell and Webb 1995). White-th—roated Flycatcher (Empidonax al-
Howell and Webb (1995) based their exten- bigularis). New Record. We collected what
sion of the species’ range into Chiapas on a appear to be the first specimens for the state
previously misidentified specimen in the at Pantanos de Centla on 10 March in a shrub-
American Museum of Natural History. Reex- by pasture. Both birds were males with no fat
amination of this specimen (KW) suggests and a heavy molt that included body, wings,
that Howell and Webb (1995) were correct; it and tail.
is a Campylopterus excellens, and not a C. Gre—at Crested Flycatcher (Myiarchus crin-
curvipennis as originally identified. Together, itus). Berrett (1962) noted a single specimen
these two specimens suggest an approximate and a few sightings of this species in Tabasco,
doubling of the species’ total geographic all from May 1961 and neai' Balancan. We
range. note two other specimens, both males, taken
Pygmy Kingfisher (Chloroceryle aenea). on 13 Mai'ch 1984 and 29 September 1965
Hitherto, the only records for this species in (indicating a presence in fall migration as well
the state were from southern, inland localities as spring), near Comalco and on the Rio San
(Balancan and Ocuapan: Benett 1962; Chon- Pablo, Municipio de San Pablo by F. Ornelas
talpa: CNAV 2,933). We collected a non- and R. W. Dickerman, respectively (CNAV
breeding female at Pantanos de Centla on a 3,491 and 17,215).
small, well-forested tributary (Arroyo Polo) of Gr—ay-collared Becard (Pachyramphus ma-
the Rio Grijalva on 6 March. jor). An adult male, appai'ently the second
Wedge-billed Woodcreeper (Glyphorhyn- specimen for the state (Benett 1962), was tak-
—
m
chus spirurus). Recorded by Beirett (1962) en in 8-10 acahual on 20 March at Mal-
as an uncommon resident of the rainforest belt pasito. The first specimen, also a male, was
of the state, records were lacking from the taken in the eastern part of the state near Re-
westernmost rainforest in the state (Municipio forma, Balancan, on 28 May 1939 (Brodkorb
de Huimanguillo). We collected a nonbreeding 1943). —
female in a patch of acahual (second growth Mangrove Vireo (Vireo pallens). BeiTett
forest) at the base of the local mountains at (1962) collected the only previous specimen
Malpasito on 17 March. for the state (male, 13 April 1961) near Villa-
Ochre-bellied Flycatcher (Mionectes olea- hermosa and noted three additional sightings:
—
gineus). Although Berrett (1962) recorded two near Villahermosa and another on the Rio
this species near Chontalpa, he did not find it Usumacinta at Emiliano Zapata (all in April
to be particularly common. We found it to be 1961 ). Peterson and Chalif ( 1973) and Howell
rather common at Malpasito, collecting seven and Webb (1995) overlooked these records.
individuals 19-21 March. Their abundance at We collected two more individuals in low-
— —
Winker et al. • TABASCO AVIFAUNA 233
lying, shrubby pasture on the Rio Grijalva at 450 m) to escape less suitable conditions in
Pantanos de Centla on 9 and 10 March. Both the highlands, a common occurrence in some
were females with no fat and unenlarged ova- areas of southern Mexico (see Winker et al.
ries. At least one more individual was later 1992b).
seen in this same area. White-throated Robin (Turdus assimilis).
Blue-headed Vireo (Vireo solitarius). Berrett (1962) noted only three records of this
Berrett (1962) reported only two observations species in Tabasco, one specimen and two
of this species in the state (March 1959, sightings from near Teapa and near Chontalpa,
March 1960), both near Teapa. We collected both southern localities. A male was taken at
what are apparently the first two state speci- Comalcalco (in the northern part of the state)
mens at Malpasito on 16 and 17 March, a fe- on 13 March 1984 by F. Ornelas (CNAV
male with no fat and a male with lit—tle fat. 6,776).
Green Jay (Cyanocorax yncas). Berrett N—ashville Warbler (Vermivora ruficapil-
New
(1962) recorded specimens and sightings of la). record. Berrett (1962) reported a
this species from only four localities in the brief glimpse of a bird that was probably this
We
municipios of Balancan, Centla, and Teapa. species at Balancan. collected the first
Our sightings of two individuals each on 15 state specimen, a female with no fat, at Mal-
and 21 March at Malpasito indicate that the pasito on 20 March.
species also occurs in the western part of the Ye—llow-rumped Warbler (Dendroica coron-
state. — ata). Berrett (1962) reported only a few rec-
Tree Swallow (Tachycineta bicolor). Ber- ords for this species, all from December. We-
rett (1962) recorded only one specimen for the ber (1945) reported it at La Venta in spring
state but noted a few additional sightings, in- 1943. We took three females with moderate to
cluding several large flocks. Although it re- heavy fat in shrubby pasture at Pantanos de
mains unclear whether the species spends the Centla on 9-11 March, and observed up to
winter or is only a transient in migration, we three other individuals on these days.
add the following records from Pantanos de Swai—nson’s Warbler (Limnothlypis swain-
Centla: three specimens, all females with little sonii). New record. The first state specimen,
fat, taken on 8 March 1996, and sightings of a male with no fat and with tail characteristics
1-150 individuals almost daily from 4—12 (uneven growth bars) of an after second year
March. In addition, a female was taken by R. (ASY) individual, was taken in a mixed forest
W
W. Dickerman 53 km of Villahermosa on of mangrove and selva near the bank of Ar-
3 April 1973 (CNAV 17,723). royo Polo (Rio Grijalva) near Frontera on 6
—
Plain Wren (Thryothorus modestus). New March. This bird was not in migratory con-
record. An adult female was taken at Bal- dition and the habitat it occupied was emi-
neario Agua Blanca, Macuspana, in selva me- nently suitable for wintering (KW, pers. obs.;
diana, by E. Diaz I. on 14 March 1989 (CNAV see Graves 1998).
13,389). Whi—te-winged Tanager (Piranga leucop-
Sl—ate-colored Solitaire (Myadestes unicoT tera). Berrett (1962) reported a few individ-
or). New record. We collected a male on 20 uals of this species in early and mid-Novem-
March at Malpasito during the same norte as- ber 1961 near Tenosique and surmised that
sociated with the occurrence of the Black they may have been wintering birds from
Robin (below) in the area. Movement of higher elevations. We saw a single female at
Slate-colored Solitaires to lowland forest dur- Malpasito on 19 March, during the same norte
ing nortes is a frequent occurrence in the Si- associated with the presence of the Black
erra de Los Tuxtlas in southern Veracruz (Ra- Robin and Slate-colored Solitaire noted
mos 1983; KW, pers. obs.). — above.
Black Robin (Turdus infuscatus). New re- Orang—e-billed Sparrow (Arremon aurantii-
cord; no specimen. A female or immature rostris). Benett (1962:375) noted six speci-
male of this highland species was seen feeding mens from the state and referred to the species
in a fruiting tree on 20 March at Malpasito on as a “rarely recorded permanent resident of
the last day of a relatively cold norte. It had the humid rain forest undergrowth.” Although
probably descended to this lower elevation (ca we worked intensively in the Malpasito ai'ea
—
234 THE WILSON BULLETIN • Vol. Ill, No. 2, June 1999
for four days before encountering any individ- the northern Neotropics, where at the end of
uals of this species, during the relatively se- the twentieth century one would expect our
vere norte of 19 and 20 March we collected knowledge of the avifauna to be sufficiently
four individuals (three females, one male) in strong that most new records would be gen-
We
our mist nets that had been in the same lo- erated by individuals of migrant species.
cations the entire time in a small patch ofrem- consider the preponderance ofresident species
nant rainforest at the base of the local moun- in this report to be a reflection of Tabasco’s
tains. This striking movement pattern of in- status as a poorly known Neotropical region.
creased captures during nortes is typical of Further ornithological study of this region is
highland species at lowland sites, but not of fully warranted. Tabasco is nearly half the size
lowland species. We surmise that at this site of Costa Rica. It occupies a geographic posi-
these typically lower-elevation birds might oc- tion making it important as a wintering ground
cupy less disturbed forest at slightly higher for Nearctic-Neotropic migrants and as a
elevations than the remnant forest available breeding and nonbreeding area for a diverse
where our field work was conducted. Neotropical resident avifauna. Further, it has
Ol—ive Sparrow (Arremonops riifivirga- twofold biogeographic significance: one as a
tus). Benett (1962) reported only a single transition zone between the Yucatan Peninsula
specimen, but noted that the species was a and the Isthmus of Tehuantepec (including a
common permanent resident north of Balan- significant portion of the rainforest belt at the
can. These records were overlooked by How- peninsula’s base) and another in its position at
ell and Webb (1995). We found that the spe- the northern limits of Neotropical families
cies also occurs in the westernmost region of such as Heliomithidae, Eurypygidae, Galbu-
the state. We collected a female with an un- lidae, Bucconidae, and Pipridae.
enlarged ovary on 18 March at Malpasito and, Our data provide important new distribu-
in addition, found what appeared to be two tional information for both resident and mi-
pairs (two singing males with associated in- grant species in this poorly known region. For
dividuals not singing) in a brushy area of example, our records of Swainson’s Warbler
young second growth. and the Long-tailed Sabrewing constitute sig-
Savannah Sparrow (Passerculus sandwich- nificant wintering and probable breeding
—
ensis). Four individuals were seen on 14 range extensions (respectively) for rare spe-
March beside scrubby pasture at Pantanos de cies of conservation concern (see Howell and
Centla on the Rio Grijalva, supplementing the Webb 1995, Winker et al. 1992a).
single specimen and several sightings reported In addition, our data show inteimittent use
by Berrett (1962) from a southern part of the of lowland forest, indicating movements
state (Huastecas, Teapa, ca 29 km NE of Tea- among “resident” birds. The relatively low-
pa). land sites we studied near Malpasito suddenly
Lincoln’s Sparrow (Melospiza lincolnii). became home to individuals of a number of
Berrett (1962) included this species as an un- species that were not detected during the four
common wintering bird in the state, reporting days of intensive field study prior to the arriv-
only a single specimen and scattered sight re- al of a norte on 19 March. At least five species
cords from largely southern, inland sites. Our (including two new to the state) showed
records add northern, near-coastal records for movement patterns that were strongly tied to
the state. We observed a single individual on the inclement weather: Mionectes oleagineus,
4 March at Pantanos de Centla in roadside Turdus infuscatus, Myadestes unicolor, Pir-
scrub, and collected a male with light fat on anga leucoptera, and Arrenion aurantiirostris.
March in shrubby pasture on the Rfo Gri- All of these species probably occupy forest at
1 1
An
jalva. higher elevations in this area. increase in
overall capture rates and census detections
DISCUSSION
(unpubl. data) suggested increased numbers of
Our records consist of 10 migrant and 25 individuals of many species already present at
resident species. Of our nine new records for the lowland sites. These individuals may also
the state, only two are of migrant species; sev- have come from the local highlands.
en are resident. This is unusual for an area in Temporary use of remnant lowland forest
Winker et al. • TABASCO AVIFAUNA 235
during nortes is a relatively common phenom- miento de la avifauna de Tabasco: revision biblio-
enon in southern Veracruz (Ramos 1983, grafica. Tesis Licenciado en Biologia, Univ. Jua-
Winker et al. 1997) and is an issue of grave rez Autonoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa.
Graves, G. R. 1998. Stereotyped foraging behavior of
conservation concern; when lowland forests —
the Swainson’s Warbler. J. Field Ornithol. 69: 121
have diminished to a degree of scarcity, they 127.
are no longer available to individuals seeking Howell, S. N. G. and S. Webb. 1995. A guide to the
temporary refuge from inclement conditions birds of Mexico and northern Central America.
in the highlands. Oxford Univ. Press, New York.
Peterson, R. T. and E. L. Chalie. 1973. A field guide
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS to Mexican birds. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston,
Massachusetts.
We thank the U.S. National Science Foundation Ramos, M. A. 1983. Seasonal movements of bird pop-
(NSF INT-9403053) and CONACyT (El20) for sup- ulations at a neotropical study site in southern Ve-
porting our field studies, and SEMARNAP for issuing racruz, Mexico. Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Minnesota,
the necessary permits. J. M. Arias R., C. A. Cordero Minneapolis.
M., O. E. Escobar R, J. L. Gonzalez A., A. C. IbaiTa Rovirosa, j. N. 1887. Apuntes para la zoologia de
M., G. Lopez S., M. de J. Mendez G., L. Montanez Tabasco: vertebrados observados en el Territorio
G., M. Ramirez L., R. E. Sobrino R, and M. Suarez I. de Macuspana. Naturaleza 7:345-389.
proved to be excellent field companions and contrib- Weber, W. A. 1945. Wildlife ofTabasco and Veracruz.
uted to a stimulating workshop and field experience. Nat. Geog. 87(2):187-216.
We also thank J. C. Romero, C. A. Jimenez B., P. del Winker, K., M. A. Ramos, J. H. Rappole, and D. W.
Valle, R. del Valle Reyna, and the staffs of the Pan- Warner. 1992a. A note on Campylopterus excel-
tanos de Centla Field Station and Aguaima for their lens in southern Veracruz, with a guide to sexing
help and hospitality during our visits. F. Gonzalez G. captured individuals. J. Field Ornithol. 62:339-
and J. H. Rappole provided helpful comments on an 343.
earlier draft. Winker, K., R. J. Oehlenschlager, M. A. Ramos, R.
M. Zink, J. H. Rappole, and D. W. Warner.
LITERATURE CITED 1992b. Bird distribution and abundance records
for the Sierra de Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, Mexico.
Berrett, D. G. 1962. The birds of the Mexican state Wilson Bull. 104:699-718.
ofTabasco. Ph.D. diss., Louisiana State Univ., Ba- Winker, K., P. Escalante, J. H. Rappole, M. A. Ra-
ton Rouge. mos, R. J. Oehlenschlager, and D. W. Warner.
Brodkorb, P. 1943. Birds from the lowlands of south- 1997. The evolution and conservation of Wet-
ern Mexico. Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich. more’s Bush-Tanager: periodic migration and low-
55:1-88. land forest refugia in a “sedentary” neotropical
Centeno A., B. E. 1994. Estado actual del conoci- bird. Conserv. Biol. 11:692-697.
