Norway’s Peace Policy: Soft Power in a Turbulent World

252 Pages·2014·1.501 MB·English

by  James Larry Taulbee, Ann Kelleher, Peter C. Grosvenor (auth.)

Norway’s Peace Policy
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Norway’s Peace Policy
Soft Power in a Turbulent World
James Larry Taulbee, Ann Kelleher, and Peter C. Grosvenor
NORWAY’S PEACE POLICY
Copyright © James Larry Taulbee, Ann Kelleher, and Peter C. Grosvenor, 2014.
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2014 978-1-137-48199-3
All rights reserved.
First published in 2014 by
PALGRAVE MACMILLAN®
in the United States— a division of St. Martin’s Press LLC,
175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010.
Where this book is distributed in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world,
this is by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited,
registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills,
Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS.
Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies
and has companies and representatives throughout the world.
Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States,
the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries.
ISBN 978-1-349-50299-8 ISBN 978-1-137-42919-3 (eBook)
DOI 10.1057/9781137429193
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Kelleher, Ann.
Norway’s peace policy : soft power in a turbulent world /
by Ann Kelleher, James Larry Taulbee, Peter C. Grosvenor.
pages cm.
1. Norway—Foreign relations—1945– 2. Reconciliation. 3. Peace.
I. Taulbee, James Larry, 1942– II. Grosvenor, Peter C. III. Title.
DL458.K45 2014
327.481009(cid:25)04—dc23 2014024781
A catalogue record of the book is available from the British Library.
Design by Newgen Knowledge Works (P) Ltd., Chennai, India.
First edition: December 2014
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents
List of Figures and Tables vii
Preface ix
1 Lesser States and Niche Diplomacy 1
James Larry Taulbee
2 The Peace Engagement of a Peace Culture: Observations on the
National Identity Foundations of Norwegian Foreign Policy 23
Peter Grosvenor
3 Norway’s Approach to Achieving Peace: Structure and Agency 49
Ann Kelleher
4 Parallel Peace Processes in Achieving Sudan’s CPA 75
Ann Kelleher
5 Sri Lanka: A Bridge Too Far? 105
James Larry Taulbee
6 Successful Local Peacebuilding in Macedonia 139
Ann Kelleher and Kelly Ryan
7 Contributions and Challenges 163
James Larry Taulbee and Ann Kelleher
Notes 187
Bibliopgraphy 225
Index 241
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Figures and Tables
Figures
1.1 International structure 13
3.1 Diagram of Norway’s agency in the context of
its identity, domestic structure, and the structure
of the international system 62
Tables
5.1 Population by ethnicity 113
5.2 Phases of civil war in Sri Lanka 117
6.1 Numbers of learners in integrated bilingual classes 149
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Preface
Considering history, the dilemma that Oscar Hammerstein has the
King of Siam ponder in The King and I, captures the essence of choice
for medium and small powers:
Shall I join with other nations in alliance?
If allies are weak, am I not best alone?
If allies are strong with power to protect me,
Might they not protect me out of all I own?1
Although this dilemma does not accurately describe contemporary
choices in terms of alliance, it highlights a dilemma faced by lesser
powers when they cooperate with strong ones: will their own policies,
perceptions, and interests become overpowered as events play out? Two
thirds of sovereign states in the contemporary international system
qualify as less developed or “small” in terms of population or land area,
or both.
As the number of states has grown post-1945, scholars have, from
time to time, sought to examine the roles small and middle powers
might play, presuming that their behavior would not be that of “great
powers writ smaller.”2 Although contemporary international relations
texts often have extensive discussion of nongovernmental organizations
(NGOs), these analyses have not produced any major insights into state
behavior that have compelled authors of international relations text-
books to include similar sections on small- or middle-power behavior as
being important for understanding contemporary international politics.
If any of these states have left a discernible and distinct footprint at any
point, it may be noted in passing, or appear as a footnote.
In this book we do not seek to show that others have been mistaken
about the role lesser powers play in the system. Indeed, as noted in
Chapter 1, we accept Robert Keohane’s categorization of states with