Normal and Abnormal Embryonic Development in Virtual Reality

181 Pages·2014·2.25 MB·English

UITNODIGING
About the Author N
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Leonie Baken was born on a sunny day in Delft, the 13th de openbare verdediging
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of October, 1988. She passed secondary school at the l a Development in Virtual Reality van het proefschrift
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Alberdingk Thijm College in Hilversum and graduated d

with high grades only 17 years old. For years she had the A Normal and Abnormal
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ambition to study medicine at university, but unfortunately n Embryonic Development
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she was ‘uitgeloot’. For this reason she studied Biology for r in Virtual Reality
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one year at Utrecht University and managed to acquire a a
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propedeuse diploma. In September 2007 she could finally E op dinsdag
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start her medical study at Erasmus University in Rotterdam. b 9 december 2014
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During the second year of her study she was invited to y om 13:30 uur
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Medicine and acquired a Master of Science in Health Science within five years. She e
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decided to first continue her path in scientific research and in 2012 she started her e
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PhD project at the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and the department p
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of Bioinformatics at the Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam under
e te Rotterdam.
the supervision of Prof.dr. Steegers and Prof.dr. van der Spek. In this period she n
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presented results of her research at several international symposia, amongst in Aansluitend bent u

others at the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology V van harte welkom op de
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(ISUOG) World Congress 2013 in Sydney. In march 2014 she resumed her studies tu receptie ter plaatse.
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and started her medical internships. She is expected to obtain her medical degree
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in 2016. e Leonie Baken
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John Baken t
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[email protected]
Paranimfen
Vera van den Berg
Jenny Zuidgeest
[email protected]
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Baken_Omslag.indd 1 17-10-14 17:08

Normal and Abnormal Embryonic
Development in Virtual Reality
Leonie Baken
Normal and Abnormal Embryonic Development in Virtual Reality
Thesis, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands
The printing of this thesis has been financially supported by the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and
the Department of Bioinformatics, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, MPluz, BMA Mosos, Chipsoft, ABN Amro.
Cover design: Leonie Baken
Lay-out: Ridderprint
Printing: Ridderprint
ISBN/EAN: 978-90-5335-946-4
2014© Leonie Baken
No part of this thesis may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means,
without written permission of the author or, when appropriate, of the publishers of the publications.
Normal and Abnormal Embryonic Development in Virtual Reality

Normale en abnormale embryonale ontwikkeling in virtuele realiteit

Proefschrift
ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de
Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam
op gezag van de rector magnificus
Prof.dr. H.A.P. Pols
en volgens besluit van het College voor Promoties.
De openbare verdediging zal plaatsvinden op
dinsdag 9 december 2014 om 13:30 uur
door
Leonie Baken
geboren te Delft
Promotiecommissie
Promotoren: Prof.dr. E.A.P. Steegers
Prof.dr. P.J. van der Spek
Overige leden: Prof.dr. R.M.W. Hofstra
Prof.dr. D. Tibboel
Prof.dr. D. Oepkes
Copromotoren: Dr. N. Exalto
Dr. A.H.J. Koning
Paranimfen: Vera van den Berg
Jenny Zuidgeest
Voor mijn ouders.

Table of Contents
Chapter 1 General Introduction 9
1.1 Introduction 11
1.2 The I-Space Virtual Reality System 19
Chapter 2 New Perspectives on the Virtual Reality Approach 27
2.1 Design and Validation of a 3D Virtual Reality Desktop System for Early 29
Pregnancy Evaluation
2.2 First-Trimester Detection of Surfaces Abnormalities: a Comparison 45
of Two- and Three-Dimensional Ultrasound and Three-Dimensional
Virtual Reality Ultrasound
Chapter 3 Automated Embryonic Volume Measurements in the Detection of 59
Abnormal Embryonic Development
3.1 First-Trimester Crown-Rump Length and Embryonic Volume of Fetuses 61
with Structural Congenital Abnormalities measured in Virtual Reality
3.2 Crown-Rump Length and Embryonic Volume in Miscarriages measured 73
in Virtual Reality
Chapter 4 Biometry and Volumetry in Aneuploid Pregnancies 85
4.1 First-Trimester Hand Measurements in Euploid and Aneuploid Human 87
Fetuses using Virtual Reality
4.2 First-Trimester Crown-Rump Length and Embryonic Volume of Aneu- 103
ploid Fetuses in Virtual Reality
Chapter 5 Diagnostic Applicability of the Third Dimension in Embryos and Fe- 113
tuses with Structural Congenital Abnormalities
5.1 Diagnostic Techniques and Criteria for First-Trimester Conjoined Twin 115
Documentation: a Review of the Literature illustrated by Three Recent
Cases
5.2 First-Trimester Diagnosis of Thrombocytopenia-Absent Radius Syn- 133
drome using Virtual Reality
5.3 Differentiation of Early First-Trimester Cranial Neural Tube Defects 141
Chapter 6 General Discussion 153
Chapter 7 Summary / Samenvatting 161
Chapter 8 Addendum 169
Authors and Affiliations 171
List of Abbreviations 173
PhD Portfolio 175
Word of Thanks / Dankwoord 177