Nonhuman Primate Welfare: From History, Science, and Ethics to Practice

666 Pages·2023·16.627 MB·English

by  Lauren M. Robinson, Alexander Weiss

Lauren M. Robinson
Alexander Weiss
Editors
Nonhuman
Primate
Welfare
From History, Science, and Ethics
to Practice
Nonhuman Primate Welfare
Lauren M. Robinson (cid:129) Alexander Weiss
Editors
Nonhuman Primate
Welfare
From History, Science, and Ethics to
Practice
Editors
LaurenM.Robinson AlexanderWeiss
WolfScienceCenter SchoolofPhilosophy,Psychologyand
UniversityofVeterinaryMedicineVienna LanguageSciences,DepartmentofPsychology
Vienna,Austria UniversityofEdinburgh
Edinburgh,UK
LanguageResearchCenter
GeorgiaStateUniversity KyotoUniversity,WildlifeResearchCenter
Atlanta,GA,USA Kyoto,Japan
ISBN978-3-030-82707-6 ISBN978-3-030-82708-3 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82708-3
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“ThebookcoverphotoshowsaJapanesemacaquewithherinfant.ItwastakenbyLaurenM.Robinson
with kind permission from and within the Royal Zoological Society of Scotland’s Highland Wildlife
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To Charlie and Danny
—Alexander Weiss
To Imogene, Sammie, and Terri
—Lauren M. Robinson
Preface
Bothanimalsandcaretakersarelikelytobenefitfrompositivefeedbackfromoneanother.
Engagingininteractionsthatarepleasantforbothcaretakersandtheanimalsarelikelyto
createabetterworkenvironmentforcaretakersandtohelpinstillpositiveattitudesregarding
theanimalstheycarefor.1
—CorriD.Waitt(1975–2014)
ThisbookoriginatedinaphotocontestthatwasheldbySpringerandthatthefirst
editorhadenteredinto.DuringconversationswithSpringerthattookplaceafterthe
contestwasover,itemergedthataneditedbookonnonhumanprimatewelfarewas
lackingfromtheircollection.SoonaftertheseconversationswithSpringer,thefirst
editorcontactedpotentialauthorsandfoundthattherewereenoughpeoplewillingto
contributechapters.Aproposalwaswritten,andSpringeracceptedtheproposal.
Thetopicofanimal welfare isbroad andcutsacrossdisciplines. Therefore,two
goalsguidedourchoiceofauthorsandareastocover.Thefirstgoalwastoprovidea
resource for people who work with nonhuman primates. As such, we sought out a
widerangeofexpertswhocouldwriteabouttopicsrelatedtothewelfareofprimates
indifferentsettings,suchasinlaboratories,zoos,andsanctuaries,andprimatesfrom
different backgrounds, including those kept as pets or used in the entertainment
industry.Thesecond,related,goalwastoprovidearesourceforpeoplewhoguideor
shapepolicyon,orengenderdebatesabout,theproperuseandcareofprimates(note
thatwefullyexpectthatthesetwoaudienceswilloverlap!).Totheseends,wesought
out chapters from philosophers, ethicists, legal scholars, and both advocates and
adversariesoftheuseofnonhumanprimatesinresearch.Finally,insupportofthese
goals, we recruited authors whose chapters would provide historical overviews for
these other chaptersandtried tofind authors willing to write about the situation in
countries other than the USA, member nations of the European Union, and other
countriesinEurope,suchastheUK.Wehopethatthereadersofthisbook,including
thosethatwedidnotmention,andespeciallystudents,willagreethatwehavebeen
modestlysuccessfulinachievingourgoals.
1TakenfromWaittC.etal.(2002).Theeffectsofcaretaker-primaterelationshipsonprimatesinthe
laboratory.JApplAnimWelfSci5(4),309–319.https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327604JAWS0504_05
vii
viii Preface
Ofcourse,aswithTop10lists,weexpectthatopinionswilldifferwithregardto
what we did and did not include in this book. In particular, we expect that some
chapters and/or their authors will raise some readers’ hackles. We therefore feel
compelledtoexplainourreasonsfor including these chaptersand/orinvitingthese
authors.Wedecidedearlyonthatthereadersofthisbookwouldbebestservedifwe
providedabroadrangeofviewpointsandsowegavealloftheauthorsthefreedom
topresenttheirviewsandsteppedinonlytoprovideguidanceandfeedbacksothat
theirchaptersarethebestrepresentationsofthoseviews.Wethinkthatreaders,upon
closerconsideration,willagreethatthepotentialfortheseuncensoredviewstospark
debatewillengagenon-expertsandultimatelybenefitcaptivenonhumanprimates.
A few notes of thanks are in order. This book could not have been completed
without the contributions of the authors. Their hard work and patience are much
appreciated. We also gratefully acknowledge the assistance from the editors at
Springer. They were always on hand to answer our questions. In addition, a
considerableportionofAlex’sworkonthebookandchapterwascompletedduring
a Visiting Professorship at the Kyoto University Wildlife Research Center. He
thanks his hosts, and especially Professor Miho Inoue-Murayama, for their help
andformakingthiswonderfulopportunitypossible.
Sincehumansbegantokeepprimatesincaptivity,humanshavemadevaststrides
in understanding their cognitive abilities, social bonds, and personalities. We hope
that the science, practice, information, and wisdom presented in this book will go
some way in ensuring that, whether they are in our care or not, these evolutionary
cousinsofourswillleadgoodlives.
Finally,apersonalnoteontheepigraph.CorriWaittwasanAmericanwhohad
cometotheUKin1998tostudyprimatebehaviorandwelfareattheUniversityof
Stirling.CorriandI(AW)wereintroducedbyamutualfriend,andCorriwasoneof
thefirstpeopleoutsideofEdinburghthatImetafterImovedtotheUKin2005.
EverysooftenCorrihadanearlymorningflighttocatch.Ontheseoccasions,she
wouldaskifshecouldstayinthesparebedroominmyflaton11JohnstonTerrace,
where I lived at the time. I was always happy to have her over. On most of those
visits,westayedinmysittingroom,fromwhichonecanseeEdinburghCastle,and
wewouldchat.Iwoulddrinkteawithlemonandsugar,andIdonotrecallwhether
shejoinedmeornot(itisfunnyandtragichowminordetailssuchasthesefadeso
quickly, especially as they are what we end up treasuring). Corri was terrific
company.IlearnedalotaboutlifeintheUKandmanyotherthings.Ialsolearned
thatshewasbrightandwarmandhadaterrificsenseofhumorandthatshewaskind,
sweet,anddedicatedtobeingdecenttoeverybody,humanandnonhumanalike.
Corrilostherlifetoanaggressiveformofcancerin2014.Everybodywhoknew
her, including some of the contributors to this book, knows what a loss her death
was.IdidnothaveCorriinmindwhenIagreedtoco-editthisbook,butifshewas
alive,IwouldhaveinvitedCorritocontributeachapter.Unfortunately,thatwasnot
Preface ix
tobe.AllIcandonowistohopethatthisisthebookthatCorriwouldhaveenjoyed
readingandthat,bysharingthesememories,Iamkeepingherspiritalive.
Vienna,Austria LaurenM.Robinson
Kyoto,Japan AlexanderWeiss
Contents
PartI HistoryofNonhumanPrimatesinCaptivityandPrimateWelfare
inDifferentSettings
TheHistoryofPrimatesinZoos. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
GeoffHosey
TheHistoryofChimpanzeesinBiomedicalResearch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
PatriciaV.Turner
UsingPrimatesinCaptivity:Research,Conservation,and
Education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
MarkJ.Prescott
TheWelfareofPrimatesinZoos. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
KathyR.BakerandHollyL.Farmer
WelfareofPrimatesinLaboratories:OpportunitiesforRefinement. . . . 97
HannahM.Buchanan-Smith,LouTasker,HayleyAsh,
andMelanieL.Graham
TheWelfareofPrimatesKeptasPetsandEntertainers. . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
RachelHevesi
PrimatesUnderHumanCareinDevelopingCountries:Examples
FromLatinAmerica. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 145
R.G.Ferreira,C.Ruiz-Miranda,S.Sita,S.Sánchez-López,A.Pissinatti,
S.Corte,L.Jerusalinsky,P.G.Wagner,andC.Maas
PartII AssessingNonhumanPrimateWelfare
UsingBehaviortoAssessPrimateWelfare. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
CorrineK.LutzandKateC.Baker
CognitiveBiasTasks:ANewSetofApproachestoAssess
WelfareinNonhumanPrimates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
EmilyJ.BethellandDanaPfefferle
xxii
xii Contents
PhysiologicalMeasuresofWelfare. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
JohnP.Capitanio,JessicaVandeleest,andDarcyL.Hannibal
QuestionnairesandTheirUseinPrimateWelfare. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
MariekeCassiaGartner
PartIII NonhumanPrimateHousingandHusbandry
MeetingCognitive,Behavioral,andSocialNeedsofPrimates
inCaptivity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
CatherineF.Talbot,LisaA.Reamer,SusanP.Lambeth,
StevenJ.Schapiro,andSarahF.Brosnan
PrimateBreedingColonies:ColonyManagementandWelfare. . . . . . . 307
JamesC.HaandAdrienneF.Sussman
CommonHusbandry,Housing,andAnimalCarePractices. . . . . . . . . . 323
KristineColeman,GregoryTimmel,KammProngay,andKateC.Baker
HousingandHusbandryforPrimatesinZoos. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355
H.L.Farmer,K.R.Baker,andF.Cabana
HumaneEndpointsandEndofLifeinPrimatesUsedin
Laboratories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375
SarahWolfensohn
PartIV IndividualDifferences,Application,andImprovement
ofNonhumanPrimateWelfare
PrimatePersonalityandWelfare. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395
LaurenM.RobinsonandAlexanderWeiss
Sociality,Health,andWelfareinNonhumanPrimates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413
BrianneA.Beisner,DarcyL.Hannibal,JessicaJ.Vandeleest,
andBrendaMcCowan
ResearchBenefitsofImprovingWelfareinCaptivePrimates. . . . . . . . . 445
StevenJ.SchapiroandJannHau
Enrichment.. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. 463
CaralynKemp
ChallengingCognitiveEnrichment:ExamplesfromCaringforthe
ChimpanzeesintheKumamotoSanctuary,JapanandBossou,
Guinea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501
NarukiMorimura,SatoshiHirata,andTetsuroMatsuzawa
TrainingResearchPrimates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529
MollieBloomsmith,JainePerlman,AndreaFranklin,andAllisonL.Martin