Table Of ContentNondestructive
Characterization
of Materials VI
Nondestructive
Characterization
of Materials VI
Edited by
Robert E. Green, Jr.
The lohns Hopkins University
Baltimore, Maryland
Krzysztof J. Kozaczek
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Oak Ridge, Tennessee
and
Clayton O. Ruud
The Pennsylvania State University
University Park, Pennsylvania
SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, LLC
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
On file
Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Nondestructive Characterization of Materials,
held June 7-11, 1993, in Oahu, Hawaii
ISBN 978-1-4613-6100-8 ISBN 978-1-4615-2574-5 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-2574-5
© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media New York
Originally published by Plenum Press, NewYork in 1994
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1994
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by
any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without
written perm iss ion from the Publisher
The papers published in these proceedings represent some of the latest developments
in nondestructive characterization of materials and were presented at the Sixth
International Symposium on Nondestructive Characterization of Materials held June
7-11, 1993, at the Turtle Bay Hilton Hotel on the north shore of Oahu, Hawaii.
SYMPOSIUM CO-CHAIRMEN
Robert E. Green, Jr. Murli H. Manghnani
Center for NDE Hawaii Institute of Geophysics
The Johns Hopkins University University of Hawaii at Manoa
3400 N. Charles Street 2525 Correa Road
Baltimore, MD 21218 Honolulu, Hawaii 96822
Teruo Kishi Clayton O. Ruud
The University of Tokyo The Pennsylvania State University
4-6-1 Komaba, Merguro-Ku 159 Materials Research Lab.
Tokyo 153, Japan University Park, PA 26802
ORGANIZING COMMITTEE
Alfred Broz, Federal Aviation Administration, U.S.A.
Jean P. Bussiere, National Research Council, Canada
Joseph S. Heyman, NASA/Langley Research Center, U.S.A.
Katsuhiro Kawashima, Nippon Steel Corporation, Japan
Michael Kroning, IzfP, Fraunhofer-Institut, Germany
Soung-Nan Liu, Electric Power Research Institute, U.S.A.
Charles H. McGogney, Federal Highway Administration, U.S.A.
Yapa Rajapaks~, Office of Naval Research, U.S.A.
Tetsuya Saito, National Research Institute for Metals, Japan
Donald O. Thompson, Iowa State University, U.S.A.
James W. Wagner, Johns Hopkins University, U.S.A.
F. Alan Wedgwood, NNDTC, Harwell Laboratory, England
H. Thomas Yolken, NIST, U.S.A.
v
FINANCIAL SUPPORTERS
Army Research Office
American Society for Nondestructive Testing
Federal Aviation Administration
Federal Highway Administration
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
National Institute of Standards and Technology
National Science Foundation
Office of Naval Research
vi
PREFACE
Traditionally the vast majority of materials characterization techniques have been
destructive, e.g., chemical compositional analysis, metallographic determination of
microstructure, tensile test measurement of mechanical properties, etc. Also, traditionally,
nondestructive techniques have been used almost exclusively for the detection of
macroscopic defects, mostly cracks, in structures and devices which have already been
constructed and have already been in service for an extended period of time. Following
these conventional nondestructive tests, it has been common practice to use somewhat
arbitrary accept-reject criteria to decide whether or not the structure or device should be
removed from service. The present unfavorable status of a large segment of industry,
coupled with the desire to keep structures in service well past their original design life,
dramatically show that our traditional approaches must be drastically modified if we are to
be able to meet future needs.
The role of nondestructive characterization of materials is changing and will
continue to change dramatically. It has become increasingly evident that it is both practical
and cost effective to expand the role of nondestructive evaluation to include all aspects of
materials' production and application and to introduce it much earlier in the manufacturing
cycle. In fact, the recovery of a large portion of industry from severe economic problems
is dependent, in part, on the successful implementation of this expanded role. Currently,
efforts are directed at developing and perfecting techniques which are capable of
monitoring and controlling the materials production process; materials stability during
transport, storage, and fabrication; and the amount and rate of degradation during the
materials in-service life. To be more precise, the role of nondestructive testing has
expanded far beyond its historical mission of detecting macroscopic defects in structures
and devices which had already been constructed and most often had been in service for an
extended period of time. Today, and ever increasingly in the future, using advanced
sensors and modern measurement technology, along with signal/data processing techniques,
information on the processing conditions and the properties and characteristics of the
materials being processed can be continuously generated. Real-time process monitoring for
more effective and efficient real-time process control and improved product quality and
reliability will now become a practical reality.
The optimization of the processing and properties of polymers, ceramics and
composites, the development of synthetically structured materials, the characterization of
surfaces and interfaces, the measurement and character-characterization of amorphous
metals and semiconductors, the growth of perfect electronic and optical crystals and thin
films, and in all cases, the structures, devices and systems made from these materials
vii
demand the innovative application of modern nondestructive materials characterization
techniques to monitor and control as many stages of the production process as possible.
Simply put, intelligent manufacturing is impossible without integrating modern
nondestructive evaluation into the production system.
Robert E. Green, Jr.
Center for Nondestructive Evaluation
The Johns Hopkins University
viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
A special thanks is due Academician Leonid M. Lyamshev from the Acoustical Institute
of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, for presentation of a special invited lecture
on Radiation Acoustics and Nondestructive Evaluation. Although the complete manuscript
of the presentation by Academician Lyanshev is not available for printing in the
proceedings, a publication is available elsewhere which contain details of his subject matter,
namely: L.M. Lyamshev, Radiation Acoustics, Sov. Phys. Usp. 162, 43-94 (1992) [in
English].
The conference organizers are indebted to a number of individuals for their assistance in
making the symposium a success. Thanks to: the authors for their excellent contributions
and cooperation in providing manuscripts; to the session chairpersons for keeping the
sessions on time and stimulating lively discussions; to the University of Hawaii for
assistance with the poster sessions; to Moshe Rosen, Jim Spicer, Jim Wagner, and John
Winter, all of the Center for Nondestructive Evaluation of The Johns Hopkins University,
for manuscript reviews.
The symposium and the ensuing proceedings would have not been possible without the
enthusiasm and extremely hard work of Debbie Harris, The Johns Hopkins University
Center for Nondestructive Evaluation Center Coordinator, and her assistant, Debby Manley.
All of us who enjoyed the symposium venue, the technical sessions, and the social events
owe both of these women our most sincere vote of thanks.
ix
CONTENTS
PROCESS CONTROL
Monitoring of Resin-Transfer Molding Using Laser-Based Ultrasound.......................... 1
AD.W. McKie, R.C. Addison, Jr., T.-L.T. Liao, and H.-S. Ryang
Embedded Acoustic Sensors for Process Control and Health Monitoring of
Composite Materials............................................................................. 7
MJ. Ehrlich, C.V. O'Keefe, B.B. Djordjevic, and B.N. Ranganathan
Surface Controlled Materials Evaluation for Al-Implanted Ni Alloys............................. 13
T. Aizawa, J. Mitsuo,and J. Kihara
Development and Evaluation of a Workpiece Analyzer for Industrial Furnaces... ........... 21
P. Kotidis, J. Woodroffe, J. Shah, and T. Schultz
Sensor System for Intelligent Processing of Hot-Rolled SteeL...................................... 29
AV. Clark, M.G. Lozev, BJ. Filla, and LJ. Bond
On-Line Ultrasonic Characterization of Polymer Flows.................................................. 37
L. Piche, D. Levesque, R. Gendron, and J. Tatibouet
An Ultrasonic Testing Technique for Monitoring the Cure and Mechanical
Properties of Polymeric Materials.......................................................... 45
E.C. Johnson, J.D. Pollchik, and S.L. Zacharius
Elasticity of Single-Crystal Alp) (Saphikon) Fiber to lOOO°C by Brillouin
Spectroscopy...................................... ................ ................................... 53
M.H. Manghnani, V. Askarpour, and J.A DiCarlo
Characterization of Sheet Steels in the Development of On-Line Sensors for
Quality Control Monitoring of Mechanical Properties............................ 59
LJ. Swartzendruber, Y. Rosenthal, and G.E. Hicho
ACOUSTIC TECHNIQUES I
Quantitative Ultrasonic Characterization ofInterfacial Adhesion in Metal-Polymer-
Metal Multilayer Composites................................................................. 71
L. Piche, D. Levesque, P. Deprez, A Michel, and J. Tatibouet
xi
Surface Roughness and Ultrasonic Materials Characterization....................................... 79
P.B. Nagy, G. Blaho, and J.H. Rose
Microscopic Determination of Surface Wave Velocities in Heat Treated Steels by
Ultrasonic Reflectivity Measurement..................................................... 87
I. Ihara, T. Aizawa, and J. Kihara
Ultrasonic Backscattering as a Fingerprint Technique for Identity and Integrity
Verification of Components.......................................... ......................... 95
H.H. Willems and E. Wogatzki
Air-Coupled Ultrasonic System for Detecting Delaminations and Cracks in
Paintings on Wooden Panels................................................................. 103
A. Murray, E.S. Boltz, M.C. Renken, C.M. Fortunko, M.F. Mecklenburg,
and R.E. Green, Jr.
Model-Based Calibration of Ultrasonic System Responses for Quantitative
Measurements........ .... ........................................................................... 111
L.W. Schmerr, Jr., S-J. Song, and H. Zhang
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION I
Ultrasonic Characterization of Texture in Pure and Alloyed Zirconium......................... 119
A. Moreau, P.J. Kielczynski, J.F. Bussiere, and J.H. Root
Microtomography Using Conventional X-Ray Sources................................................. 129
Y. Yamauchi, N. Kishimoto, and T. Ikuta
X-Ray Measurement of Fatigue Damage by Using Imaging Plate.................................. 137
S. Yusa, K. Yoshida, and Y. Yoshioka
Nondestructive Characterization of Metals Subjected to High-Power Ultrasound.......... 147
K.A. Green and R.E. Green, Jr.
A Study of Substructures in Welded Beta Titanium Alloy by Microbeam X-Ray
Diffraction Analysis..................... ...... ................. .................... .... .......... 157
Y. Shirasuna, A. Nozue, T. Okubo, K. Kuribayashi, S. Ishimoto, H. Sato,
and Y. Yoshioka
Study of Effect of Methane Concentration in Argon Plasma on Tantalum Compound
Sputtering Deposition Process.............................................................. 165
S.L. Lee and C.S. Lee
Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation of Density of Green State Compressed
Products............................................................................................... 175
J. Muller, L. Ackermann, D. Babot, G. Peix, and P. Zhu
xii
