NKVD/KGB Activities and its Cooperation with other Secret Services in Central and Eastern Europe ...

406 Pages·2013·2.46 MB·English

NKVD/KGB Activities and its Cooperation
with other Secret Services in Central
and Eastern Europe 1945 – 1989
Anthology of the international conference
Bratislava 14. – 16. 11. 2007
Edited by Alexandra Grúňová
NATION´S MEMORY INSTITUTE
BRATISLAVA 2008
Anthology was published with kind support of The International Visegrad Fund.
Visegrad Fund
NKVD/KGB Activities and its Cooperation with other Secret Services
in Central and Eastern Europe 1945 – 1989
Anthology of the international conference
14 – 16 November, 2007, Bratislava, Slovakia
Edited by Alexandra Grúňová
Published by
Nation´s Memory Institute
Nám. SNP 28
810 00 Bratislava
Slovakia
www.upn.gov.sk
1st edition
English language correction Anitra N. Van Prooyen
Slovak/Czech language correction Alexandra Grúňová, Katarína Szabová
Translation Jana Krajňáková et al.
Cover design Peter Rendek
Lay-out, typeseting, printing by Vydavateľstvo Michala Vaška
© Nation´s Memory Institute 2008
ISBN 978-80-89335-05-3
5
Contents
DECLARATION on a conference NKVD/KGB Activities

and its Cooperation with other Secret Services in Central

and Eastern Europe 1945 – 1989 .................................................................. 9

Conference opening

František Mikloško ...................................................................................... 13

Jiří Liška ....................................................................................................... 15

Ivan A. Petranský ......................................................................................... 17

Panel I (14 November 2007)

Security Archives as Sources of NKVD/KGB Activities

Stefan Karner (Austria) – Panel moderator ................................................. 21

Ladislav Bukovszky (Slovakia): The Archive of the Nation´s Memory

Institute in the Capacity of Resources for KGB Activities ............................ 24

Petr Blažek (Czechia) ................................................................................... 32

Gergö Bendegúz Cseh (Hungary): Documents of the Historical Archives .. 36

Nikita V. Petrov (Russia) .............................................................................. 41

Ralf Blum (Germany): References to the Soviet Secret Service in the

Archives of the Federal Commissioner for the Records of the State Security

Service of the Former GDR (BStU) ............................................................... 45

Panel II (14 November 2007)

From Soviet Advisors in Satellite States to Soviet Security Schools

János M. Rainer (Hungary) – Panel moderator ........................................... 53

Rafaeł Wnuk (Poland): Soviet Supporters of the Polish Communist Security

Apparatus. The Role of NKVD in Fighting Against the Anti-Communist

Underground in Poland (1944 – 1945) .......................................................... 54

Radek Schovánek (Czechia): Soviet Ears in Communist Prague ................ 73

Ladislau – Antoniu Csendes (Romania): NKVD/ KGB Approaches

and Party Control in Romanian Secret Services and Army

between 1948 – 1964 ..................................................................................... 79
6
Magdolna Baráth (Hungary): Soviet Counsellors at the Hungarian State

Security Organs .............................................................................................. 87

Jan Kalous (Czechia): Štěpán Plaček – His Vision for the Czechoslovak

Security and the Soviet Intelligence Service Agents (1945 – 1948)

– the Arrival of Soviet Advisors into Czechoslovakia – Background

and Circumstances ....................................................................................... 100

Panel III (15 November 2007)

Central and Eastern Europe as a Base for Espionage against the West

Petr Kopal (Czechia) – Panel moderator .................................................... 121

Christopher Adam (Canada): Eyes across the Atlantic – Hungary’s State

Security and Canada’s Hungarians, 1956 – 1989 ........................................ 122

Arvydas Anušauskas (Lithuania): Economic Restructuring Period

(Perestroika) and Technological Intelligence. The Lithuanian Factor ......... 142

Stefano Bottoni (Italy): A Special Relationship. Hungarian Intelligence

and the Vatican, 1961 – 1978 ....................................................................... 147

Andrzej Grajewski (Poland): Security Services of the Polish People’s

Republic against the Vatican in 1956 – 1978 ................................................177

Sławomir Łukasiewicz (Poland): Polish Communist Intelligence Service

against the European Economic Community (EEC) ................................... 198

Walter Süß (Germany): KBSE as Seen by State Security of the German

Democratic Republic in the 70s ................................................................... 210

Peter Rendek (Slovakia): Operation ALAN – Mutual Cooperation

of the Czechoslovak Intelligence Service and the Soviet KGB as Given

in One of the Largest Leakage Cases of NATO Security Data

in the Years 1982 – 1986 .............................................................................. 223

Panel IV (15 November 2007)

NKVD/KGB´s Co-operation with Satellite State Security Services

Władysław Bułhak (Poland) – Panel moderator ........................................ 247

László Ritter (Hungary): The Soviet – Hungarian Intelligence Co-operation

in the Early Cold War Period (abstract) ....................................................... 248

Petr Blažek (Czechia): Residency of the Federal Ministry of the Interior

in the Soviet Union. Position, Activities and Staffing in 1989 .................... 250
7
Prokop Tomek (Czechia): SOUD and its Utilization in Czechoslovak

Conditions .................................................................................................... 275

Bernd-Rainer Barth (Germany): Noel Field Affair (abstract) ................... 286

Georg Herbstritt (Germany): Refused Cooperation: The Relation

Stasi – Securitate and Romania’s Aspirations to Independence .................. 287

Panel V (16 November 2007)

NKVD/KGB Activities in Occupied East Germany and Austria

Roger Engelmann (Germany) – Panel moderator ...................................... 301

Jörg Morré (Germany): The Creation of a Hostile Picture. Arrests

Made by the NKVD as an Example Set to Carry Out Political Police

Operations in the Soviet Occupation Zone – GDR ...................................... 302

Barbara Stelzl–Marx (Austria): Soviet Espionage in Austria. Arrests,

Sentences and Executions in 1950 – 1953 ................................................... 316

Dieter Bacher (Austria): Communist „Intelligence Internationale”?

Contacts Between KGB and the KPÖ at the Beginning of the Cold War .... 335

Jan Foitzik (Germany) – Nikita V. Petrov (Russia): The Soviet Security

Apparatus in the Soviet Occupation Zone of the GDR (1945 – 1953).

Structure, Tasks, and Cooperation with the East-Germany Authorities ....... 350

Panel VI (16 November 2007)

Final conclusions

Miroslav Lehký (Czechia) .......................................................................... 377

Walter Süß (Germany) ................................................................................ 381

Nikita V. Petrov (Russia) ............................................................................ 383

Łukasz Kamiński (Poland) ......................................................................... 384

An accompanying events of the conference

Radoslav Ragač, Ondrej Krajňák ............................................................ 386

Information about Conference Partners and Donors ................................... 395

Afterword

Alexandra Grúňová ................................................................................... 402

9
DECLARATION on a conference
NKVD/KGB ACTIVITIES AND ITS COOPERATION
WITH OTHER SECRET SERVICES IN CENTRAL AND
EASTERN EUROPE 1945 – 1989
Our common awareness of the importance of dealing with the communist
dictatorship – on the one hand, in the context of the number of victims of com­
munism, and, on the other hand, as a warning for the present and the future –
brings us to joint efforts for cooperation. Fully dealing with communism over­
runs the possibilities of every individual former communist state. The aims that
arise out of communism’s ideology were global – infiltration, subversion, and
domination of the free and democratic parts of the world. Communist states’
intelligence services, first and foremost the Soviet KGB, played a signifi cant
role in meeting this target. The aforementioned founded, dominated, and man­
aged the intelligence services of the communist bloc states, following its own
role model.
Unfortunately, 17 years after the fall of communism, the former Soviet
archives are still inaccessible in contemporary Russia. But to understand the
events in present-day Russia and the situation in Central and Eastern Europe, it
is necessary to analyze communism in the leading communist power, the former
Soviet Union. We are led by the common aim to shed light on the whole truth
about communism. On the basis of the sources that are now at our disposal after
long efforts, we have arranged to realize an international conference about
„NKVD/KGB Activities and its Cooperation with other Secret Services
in Central and Eastern Europe 1945 – 1989“
for a scholarly public, from 14 to 16 November 2007 in Bratislava, Slovak
Republic.
This conference represents the next step in our cooperation and the fi rst step
in arranging common enterprises in connection with the aforementioned topic.
In accordance with the resolution of the Parliamentary Assembly of the
Council of Europe 1481/2006 „Need for international condemnation of crimes
of totalitarian communist regimes,“ we regard our cooperation to be a contri­