NJGS - GSR 25 Inventory of Active and Abandoned Sand and Gravel Mining Operations in New ...

97 Pages·2009·2.6 MB·English

New Jersey Geological Survey
Geological Survey Report GSR 25
INVENTORY OF ACTIVE AND ABANDONED
SAND AND GRAVEL MINING OPERATIONS IN NEW JERSEY
by
Christy Bell, Raymond Simmons, Cyrus Behroozi
NewJerseyDepartmentof EnvironmentalProtection
GeologicalSurvey
CN-029
Trenton,NJ 08625
• 1991
NewJerseyGeologicalSulveyReports(ISSN0741-7357)ale publishedbytheNew
JerseyGeologicalSuwey,CN-029,Trenton,NJ 08625. Thisreport mayberepro-
ducedinwholeorpartprovidedthatsuitablereferencetothesoulgeofthecopied
materialisprovided.
Additionalcopiesofthisandotherreportsmaybeobtainedfrom:
MapsandPublicationsSalesOffice
BureauofRevenue
CN-402
TrentonN,J 08625
A pricleisitsavailabolnerequest.
Use of brand,commercial,ortrade namesisforidentificationpurposesonlyand
doesnotconstituteendorsementbytheNewJerseyGeologicalSurvey.
CONTENTS
page
Introduction ................................................... 1
Construction-grade sand and gravel ................................... 1
Industrial sand ............................................... 1
Compilation of the inventory ........................................ 2
Acknowlcd_cnts ............................................. 2
Bibliography ................................................... 4
County maps and listings ofoperations
Atlantic ................................................... 6
Bergen .................................................. 11
Burlington ................................................ 14
Camden ................................................... 23
Cape May ................................................. 28
Cumberland ............................................... 32
Essex ................................................... 39
Gloucester ................................................ 41
Mercer .................................................. 47
Middlesex ................................................. 49
Monmouth ................................................ 55
Morris ................................................... 63
Ocean ................................................... 67
Passaic ................................. ................. 72
Salem ................................................... 74
Somerset ................................................. 77
Sussex ................................................... 79
Warren .................................................. 85
Tables
Table 1. Construction sand and gravel sold or used in1988, bymajor use category ......... 1
2. Sand and gravel production inNew Jersey, 1925- 1990.................... 2
Figures
F'gure1.Extents of late Wisconsinan glaciation and coastal plain................... 1
2. Sand and gravel production in New Jersey, 1925 - 1990.................... 2
3. Quadrangle index map...................................... 3

INVENTORY OF ACTIVE AND ABANDONED
SAND AND GRAVEL MINING OPERATIONS IN NEW JERSEY
INTRODUCTION
With annual production of up to 20 million tons Production is primarily from outwash sands and
(tables 1, 2), valued at up to $100 million, sand and gravel gravels within and adjacent to glaciated portions of
minin_ is a si_,nlficant industry in New Jersey. Of the 786 northern New Jersey (figure 1) and from Tertiary al-
minin_ operations listed in this report, roughly 100 are luvial deposits of the Bridgeton, Pensauken, and Beacon
currently active. Inactive and abandoned operations are Hill Formations within the _astal plain. Smaller quan-
included because of their importance in environmental in- titles are mined from the Kirkwood, Cohansey, Cape
vestigationg plannin_ zoning, and resource evaluation. May, and other Coastal Plain formations (Hayes, 1945;
Sand and gravel are broadly grouped as construction Martens, 1956) and in post-glacial alluvinm
grade (used primarily for concrete, asphalt, road base
material, water filtration, and road sand) and industrial
grade (used for glass and ceramics, foundry molds and V'f/'/'f/_ Maximumextentofhxe
cores, sand blastin_ and other specialized industrial ap- _//_///'//_ Wi_onsinanglaciers
plications). Glauconite sand, mined as a soil conditioner
at numerous pits daring the 19th century and mined today
as awater and soil conditioner by the Inversand Company
of SeweR, Gloucester County, isnot included in this inven-
tory.
Constmedon-grade sand and gravel
Construction sand and gravel is, after crushed stone,
the leading mineral commodity produced in the State, ac-
counting in 1988for 31percent of the value of New Jersey
mineral products. In that year 73 pits, in 15 of the State's
21 counties, were in operation (U.S. Bureau of Mines,
1988). Roughly 100 other pits were dormant or past
production, but retained N3. Bureau of Mine Safety cer-
tification.
Figure 1.Extents oflate Wisconsinan glaciation and coastal
Table 1.Constructionsandandgravelsoldorusedin1988,bymajor plain.
usecategory.* Demand closely follows construction activity (figure 2,
Use Quantity Value($) Value table 2). In response to recession, production fell from 18
(short ($per
tons) ton) million tons in1988 to 13million tOns in1990.
CONSTRUCHON Vq'hilesand and gravel deposits are fairly widespread,
Concreteaggregates(incleding 3,719,00018,301,_0 4.92 restrictive zoning; increasing land values, environmental
concretesand) regulations, and building have limited resource developent
Plasterandg_nitesands 160,_0 S28,0_0 5.18 in urban areas. In response to the shortage of accessible,
Concreteproducts(blocks, 73,000 383,00o 5.25 land-basod deposits, aggregate producers have turned to
bxicpki_pe,etc.) materials dredged from the New York Harbor entrance.
Asphaltconct_teaggrcgateL 485,000 2,468.000 5.09 In 1987, the majority of concrete sand sold in the
andotherbituminousmixtures Greater New York Metropolitan Area was from this
Road base andcoverings 1)281_000 3)9411000 3.08 source (U.S. Bureau of Mines, 1987).
Fill 902r000 31389,000 3.76
Snow and icecontrol I:Ma000 502,000 3.75 Industrial sand
Other 33TG00 245,0G0 7.42
Actual 8,906T00033,293_000 3.74 Commercial glass making was begun in New Jersey in
Estimated 2fi26,0_ 10T834_000 4.13 Salem County in 1739 (MeKearin and McKearin, 1941). In
Totaloraverage 18,318,0U074,183.0U0 4._ 1868, approximately thirty thousand tons of sand were
INDUSTRIAL 1,900,0(3025,400a000 13.37 mined for glass manufacturing. Other uses then included
•mo_r._u_,_*uaM_,_._ molding sand. furnace sand and artificial stone (Cook,
ls6s).
Compilation oftheInventory
Q_tity (Shortto_)
Year, Data for this inventorywere obtained primarily from
Construction Industrial Total state and federal government sources. These include the
1925 3,9ss,ooo 898,00o 4,887,000 U.S. Bureauof Mines "The Mineral Industry of New Jer-
1930 5,148,000 757,000 5,969,000 sey" (annual) and "Mineral Industry Location System."
1935 ua" ua* an* State sources include the list of operations certified by
1940 3,638,000 1,280,000 4,918,000 the Department of Labor and Industry, Bureau of
1945 3,432,o0o 2,075,00o 4,so6,ooo Mine Safety, and the list of registered suppliers main-
tained by the Department of Transportation, Bureau
1950 6,049,000 1,572,000 7,620,000
of Materials. Most of the older operations were from
1955 8,549,000 2,605,000 11,152,000 Annual Reports of the State Geologist, New Jersey
1960 8,916,000 2,678,000 tt,594,000 Geological Survey Bulletins, and the Final Report of
1965 13,555,000 3,932,000 17,389#00 the State Geologist series (1888-1916). In addition,
1970 tt,36s,ooo 5,366,000 16,732,000 sand and gravel pits described on unpublished field
1975 10..2.82,000 2,730#00 t3,012,000 maps in the files of the New Jersey Geological Survey
19_0 5,s29,000 2,7_,0_0 8,596,000 were included. Hundreds of sand pits are shown on
1981 9,756,000 2,305#00 12,061#00 U.S. Geological Survey quadrangle maps. As no infor-
1982 7,940,000 2,140,000 10,080#00 mation other than their existence was available for
1983 10,800,000 2,386,000 13,186,000 these pits, they were not added to the inventory.
1984 9,545,000 2,712,000 12,257,000 Aerial photograph interpretation to identify addition-
1985 10,600,000 2,820,000 13,420,000 al sites and field investigations to verify site names,
1986 13,999,000 2,341,000 16,340,000 location, geology, commodities produced and status of
1987 16,600,000 2,525,000 19,125,000 activity were used in limited areas.
In many instances, particularly for small, aban-
1988 18,318,000 1,860,000 20,178,000 doned pits, there is no known owner or name. These
1989 17,970,060 1,797,000 19,767#00 were 'numbered sequentially within U.S. Geological
1990 13,000,000 1,925,600 14,925#00 Survey 7.5-minute quadrangle areas (figure 3). For ex-
2.SandandgravelproductioninNewJersey, ample, pit no. 2 on the map showing sand and gravel
1925-1990(modified fromU.S. Bureau ofMines, annual), mining operations in Atlantic county (p. 6) is the first
pit on the Oceanville quadrangle for which the N.J.
As of1987,industrialsand was mined from17pitsin7 Geological Survey has no owner or name and is listed
counties. With production of 21 million tons, valued at (p. 7) as Oeeanville quad, no. 1.
million, New Jersey ranked fourth in the nation in
industrial sand production. Acknowled_ents
All of New Jersey's industrial sand production is
coastal plain formations, most from areas of We thank the sand and gravelproducers and person-
high-silica, low-iron sand within the Cohansey Forma- nel ofthe Departments of Transportation and Labor and
In 1986, 88 percent of the production was from Industryfortheir assistance.
Millville area of Cumberland County (U.S. Bureau The countymaps wereprepared withthe N3. Depart-
Mines, 1988). merit of EnvironmentalProtection Geographic Informaticm
System.The tablesand GeographicInformation Systemout-
put were formatted for pubfication byDorean Hogan.
25,000,000
5.year annual
eonstmotion -- intervals
20,000,000
lndustfi_
5,000,000
LIOS,,G(OX0I,OO)0O0gO
0
, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
1 1930193519401 5 I 195519601965197019751980 198119821983198419851986 1987198819891990
YEAR
2.Sandandgravelproduction inNew Jersey,1925-1990(modifiedfromU.S. Bureau ofMines, annual),
Milfo_l 61 plaJrifkk_l 1218roo_
2 PorlJeh_S _2 P_Amboy 122FodwdRiver
3 Unk_w,lb 63 A,thurKil 123_ I._M
4 Pinebb_d 64 ]l_eNa_'roM 124Wilmington8
G Lk_ 65 Co_ey¼tand 125PmGro_Q
6 Cuke_Gap 68 Lu_ 126Woodstown
7 Brand_ 67 _ 127 PitmenWe,d
8 Hamburg 68 Hopewd 128Pim',RnE_
9 WawW_Ma 6g RodcyHil 129Wil_
1( GMmvx_L_e 79 MonmouthJd 130Hammonk_
11 Sloaf_burg 71 NewBrurs_ck 131Atmon
12 Bushk_t 72 SouthAmboy 132
13 _kvib 73 Keypod 133O_we;oLake
14 Ne_tonWut 74 SandyHook 134W_t_
15 Nqw_onEast 75 Buckingham 135 8hip8¢_om
16 Frmldin 76 _h 136 LongB_chNE
17 Ne,_oundbnd 77 Penningto. 137 O_twoCily
18 Wanaque 78 Pdnoeton 138 SeJem
19 Ramuw 7g H_tsto.m 13_ Alov._y
20 PaJ_Ridge 8O J_e_burg 140 EIrn_
21 Nyack 81 Fmeho4d 141 Newf'_
22 Stroudd)uq_ 82 Marlboro 142 Buer_
23 Podland 83 Long8tanoh 143 Newtor_le
:?_ 6bimown 84 _ro 144 Eggl_toorC_y
25 Trenqulrdy 85 Langhome 145Gr_B_nk
26 St_hope 86 Trento_We_ 14sNewGr#J_
27 _ 87 Tmr_tonEut 147Tuck_don
28 Boo.ton i88 Nle_own 148 Beach
29 Pomp_nRaJns !89 9.oo_.wel 14gTwb_Br_dge
31 Hadumsack 91 FmngdaJe 1S18h]oll
3Q Yor,km g_ AzburyPark 152 grid_etc_
33 Bangor g_ Franklord 153 Mlbille
34 Be_ridem _ Bm.edy 154 F_,ePoir_
35 Wwhi_;t_ _ Bristol 155 Oomthy
36 Ha_ow_ _ Colurnb_ 166 May__in O --
37 Ch,mw 97 NewEwPt 157 PZ.-.=,,tv¢_
38 Mendham 98 C._mvilb 158 Oceaxwih 11,_
39 Morr_own 9_ Lakehumt 159 Bdgantineklk_ --
40 Ca_l 100 L_ewood 160 Bordb_yHock
41 Orange 101 PoihlPl_t 161 B_IDay,Point 1_,_
42 Weeha_ 1Q_Phi_delp_ia 1_ C_b .._ --
t.
43 Centra/Park 10_ Cl,u_en 163 DWRllngCmek
44 Ea._on 104 M_c_n 164 Po_Ebabeth 13; 138
45 gkx_nd_W 105 MountHolly lS5 Tud_ahoe
46 High8ddoe 1_ Pembefto_ 188Matmom "_ --
l
47 CaMon 107 BrownsMilb 167Ooeen_ 1M_l _'%1_/
48 Glad,tone 108 Whiting 168Al[anti¢City
49 Bem_e 100 Ke_ckGrow 11_For_ --
50 Chatham 110 TormRiver 170 P0dNorris
180
51 Ros4_t 111 S_i¢l_Pz_d_ t71 He_lervik
52 Elizabeth 112 Mar_J_Hook t72 WOOCl_ne --
53 JermyCity 113Bridoepod 173 SeabbCit/
54 _roo_dy_ 114Woodbun/ 174 R_oGmnde
55 Riegek_b 115 Runr_mede 175 StoneHw_or
56 Frlnchto_m 116C_on 176 Av_ton
57 Piil_tm_m 117 Med/ordLak_ 177 CapeMay
58 k'lw_*k_on 118 tndianMZb 178 Wildwo_l
Ra.',ttan 119 _ 179 Cape_lopm
60 Bo_ Brook 120W¢odm_s_
Figure3. Quadrangleindex map.
3
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4