Table Of ContentNational Institute on Drug Abuse
RESEARCH
MONOGRAPH SERIES
Problems of Drug
Dependence 1998:
Proceedings of the
60th Annual Scientific
Meeting
The College on Problems
of Drug Dependence, Inc.
179
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services • National Institutes of Health
Problems of Drug Dependence, 1998:
Proceedings of the 66th Annual Scientific
Meeting, The College on Problems
of Drug Dependence, Inc.
Editor:
Louis S. Harris, Ph.D.
Virginia Commonwealth University
NIDA Research Monograph 179
1998
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
National Institutes of Health
National Institute on Drug Abuse
6001 Executive Boulevard
Bethesda, MD 20892
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The College on Problems of Drug Dependence, Inc., an independent, non-profit
organization conducts drug testing and evaluations for academic institutions, government,
and industry. This monograph is based on papers or presentations from the 60th Annual
Scientific Meeting of the CPDD, held in Scottsdale, Arizona, June 12-17, 1998. In the
interest of rapid dissemination, it is published by the National Institute on Drug Abuse in
its Research Monograph series as reviewed and submitted by the CPDD.
Dr. Louis S. Harris, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia
Commonwealth University was the editor of this monograph.
COPYRIGHT STATUS
The National Institute on Drug Abuse has obtained permission from the copyright holders
to reproduce certain previously published materials as noted in the text. Further
reproduction of this copyrighted material is permitted only as part of a reprinting of the
entire publication or chapter. For any other use, the copyright holder’s permission is
required. All other material in this volume except quoted passages from copyrighted
sources is in the public domain and may be used or reproduced without permission from
the Institute or the authors. Citation of the source is appreciated.
Opinions expressed in this volume are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect
the opinions or official policy of the National Institute on Drug Abuse or any other part of
the Department of Health and Human Services.
The U.S. Government does not endorse or favor any specific commercial product or
company. Trade, proprietary, or company names appearing in this publication are used
only because they are considered essential in the context of the studies reported herein.
NIH Publication No. 99-4395
Printed March 1999
NIDA Research Monographs are indexed in the Index Medicus. They are selectively
included in the coverage of American Statistics Index, BioSciences Information Service,
Chemical Abstracts, Current Contents, Psychological Abstracts, and
Psychopharmacology Abstracts.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Linda A. Dykstra, Ph.D., President M. Ross Johnson, Ph.D.
Billy R. Martin, Ph.D., President-elect Michael J. Kuhar, Ph.D.
Stephen G. Holtzman, Ph.D., Past-president Edythe D. London, Ph.D.
George E. Bigelow, Ph.D., Treasurer Scott E. Lukas, Ph.D.
Warren K. Bickel, Ph.D. Frank Porreca, Ph.D.
Richard Bonnie, L.L.B. Beny J. Primm, M.D.
Kathleen T. Brady, M.D., Ph.D. Peter Reuter, Ph.D.
Linda B. Cottler, Ph.D., M.P.H. Sidney H. Schnoll, M.D., Ph.D.
Harriet de Wit, Ph.D. Charles R. Schuster, Ph.D.
Avram Goldstein, M.D. William L. Woolverton, Ph.D.
Dorothy Hatsukami, Ph.D. Alice M. Young, Ph.D.
John Hughes, M.D.
EXECUTIVE OFFICER
Martin W. Adler, Ph.D.
SCIENTIFIC PROGRAM COMMITTEE
Thomas R. Kosten, Ph.D., Chair
Scott Lukas, Ph.D., Co-Chair
Martin W. Adler, Ph.D.
Linda Cottler, Ph.D., M.P.H.
Howard Deutsch, Ph.D.
Toby Eisenstein, Ph.D.
Ellen B. Geller, M.A.
Kathryn Gill, Ph.D.
Chris-Ellyn Johanson, Ph.D.
Mary J. Kreek, M.D.
Horace Loh, Ph.D.
S. Steven Negus, Ph.D.
James Zacny, Ph.D.
iii
The following organizations have generously supported the work of the
College on Problems of Drug Dependence during the past year:
Astra
Bristol-Myers Squibb
Cephalon
Eli Lilly
Hoffman-La Roche
Immunologic Pharmaceutical Corporation
Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre
Interneuron Pharmaceuticals
Merck & Co., Inc.
Pfizer
Pharmacia & Upjohn
The Purdue Frederick Company/Purder Pharma
Reckitt Colman
Schering Plough
Searle
Synthelabo Recherche
Wyeth-Ayerst
Zeneca Pharmacueticals
iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PLENARY SESSION
In Memoriam: Leo Abood
L. S. Harris 1
In Memoriam: Keith Killiam
W. L. Dewey 3
In Memoriam: Akira E. Takemori
J. M. Fujimoto and E. L. Way 5
Nathan B. Eddy Award Lecture
J. Lewis 7
SYMPOSIUM I
Dr. Sydney Archer Memorial Symposium on Medicinal Chemistry
J. M. Bidlack, Chair 14
SYMPOSIUM II
Nonhuman Primate Models for Studying Neurobiological Substrates
and Cognitive Processes Affected by Drugs of Abuse
L. Gold and T. Aigner, Chairpersons 15
SYMPOSIUM IV
Endogenous Cannabinoids: Relevance to Marijuana Abuse
J. Wiley and S. Childers, Chairpersons 18
SYMPOSIUM V
Drug Abuse Pharmacotherapy Development in the Private Sector
W. K. Schmidt and R. Mansbach, Chairpersons 20
SYMPOSIUM VI
Motivating Behavior Change Among Cocaine Abusers
through Intensive Contingency Management Interventions
K. Silverman and S. T. Higgins, Chairpersons 24
SYMPOSIUM VII
Magnetic Resonance Applications in Substance Abuse
M. Kaufman and L. Chang, Chairpersons 28
SYMPOSIUM VIII
The Drug Evaluation Committee of the CPDD:
History and Current Status
W. Woolverton and C. P. France, Chairpersons 32
SYMPOSIUM XI
"Agonist"-Type Approaches to the Treatment
of Cocaine Dependence
J. Roache and J. Grabowski, Chairpersons 36
v
SPECIAL SYMPOSIUM
Brain Imaging in Development of Medications for Drug Abuse
E. D. London, Organizer 40
ORAL COMMUNICATIONS I
Immune Function and Disease 46
ORAL COMMUNICATIONS II
Psychiatric Comorbidity 50
ORAL COMMUNICATIONS III
Cocaine Treatment: Medications and Social Factors 54
ORAL COMMUNICATIONS IV
Opioids: Behavior 59
ORAL COMMUNICATIONS V
AIDS and HIV Risk 64
ORAL COMMUNICATIONS VI
Nicotine: Behavior and Physiology 68
ORAL COMMUNICATIONS VII
Methadone and its Challengers: LAAM and Buprenorphine 71
ORAL COMMUNICATIONS VIII
Cannabinoids: Basic to Clinical 75
ORAL COMMUNICATIONS IX
Adolescent Drug Abuse: Epidemiology, Risk Factors and Consequences 80
ORAL COMMUNICATIONS X
Molecular Mechanisms of Cocaine 84
ORAL COMMUNICATIONS XI
Tobacco Use Patterns and Cessation 88
ORAL COMMUNICATIONS XII
Analgesia: Basic and Clinical Studies 92
ORAL COMMUNICATIONS XIII
Child Development 97
ORAL COMMUNICATIONS XIV
New Vistas in Buprenorphine Treatment 101
ORAL COMMUNICATIONS XV
Neuroimaging: Alcohol and Cocaine 106
ORAL COMMUNICATIONS XVI
Methamphetamine 108
ORAL COMMUNICATIONS XVII
Molecular and Genetic Studies in Stimulation and Opioids 112
vi
ORAL COMMUNICATIONS XVIII
Dopamine Transporter/Receptors 115
ORAL COMMUNICATIONS XIX
Opioids: Signal Transduction 120
ORAL COMMUNICATIONS XX
Discriminative Stimulus and Behavioral Effects 124
of Benzodiazepines
ORAL COMMUNICATIONS XXI
Perinatal Effects of Drugs of Abuse 128
ORAL COMMUNICATIONS XXII
Alcohol: Ethnic, Gender, and Genetic Factors 133
ORAL COMMUNICATIONS XXIII
Health Services Delivery: Needs vs. Solutions 136
POSTER SESSION I 141
HIV/AIDS
Gender Effects
Stimulants: Behavior
Stimulants: Memory and Mood
Neuroimaging and EEG
Cocaine: Craving and Treatment
Opioids: Receptors and Mechanisms
Neurotransmitters, Neuropeptides: DA, 5-HT Nicotine
Data Collection and Analysis
WHO/NIDA/CPDD International Traveling Fellowships
POSTER SESSION II 198
Epidemiology and Policy Issues
Adolescent Substance Abuse
Psychiatric Comorbidity
Amphetamines
Cocaine: Interactions
Cocaine: Physiology
Buprenorphine
Analgesia
Opioids: Behavior
Chemistry
Immune and Neuroendocrine Effects
vii
POSTER SESSIONS III 258
Perinatal Substance Abuse
Family Studies
Criminal Justice
Methadone, LAAM
Substance Abuse Treatment
Polydrug Abuse
Cocaine: Pharmacotherapies
Cocaine: Chronic Effects
PCP, Hallucinogens
Benzodiazepines, Sedative-Hypnotics, Alcohol
Human Laboratory Studies
Marijuana
LATE ABSTRACTS 315
ANNUAL REPORTS
BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF COMPOUNDS FOR THEIR PHYSICAL 319
DEPENDENCE POTENTIAL AND ABUSE LIABILITY. XXI. DRUG EVALUATION
COMMITTEE OF THE COLLEGE ON PROBLEMS OF DRUG DEPENDENCE (1998)
A. E. Jacobson, Biological Coordinator, Drug Evaluation Committee, CPDD
DEPENDENCE STUDIES OF NEW COMPOUNDS IN THE RHESUS MONKEY, 333
RAT AND MOUSE (1998)
M. D. Aceto, E. R. Bowman, L. S. Harris, and E. L. May
EVALUATION OF NEW COMPOUNDS FOR OPIOID ACTIVITY (1998) 365
J. H. Woods, F. Medzihradsky, C. B. Smith, R. R. Butelman, and G. Winger
PROGRESS REPORT FROM THE TESTING PROGRAM FOR STIMULANT 381
AND DEPRESSANT DRUGS (1998)
G. Winger, J. K. Rowlett W. L. Woolverton, C. P. France, and L. R. Gerak
AUTHOR INDEX 393
SUBJECT INDEX 408
viii
IN MEMORIAM
LEO G. ABOOD
(1922-1998)
On January 18, 1998, three days after his seventy-sixth birthday, Dr. Leo G. Abood died suddenly of a massive heart
attack in New York City.
Leo Abood was a distinguished biomedical scientist whose studies on the mechanisms of action of abused
substances contributed significantly to the field of drug dependence. Leo was born in Erie Pennsylvania on January
15, 1922. After earning his undergraduate degree in chemistry, at Ohio Sate University, he received his Ph.D. in
pharmacology at the University of Chicago. He began his academic career as Instructor of Physiology at the
University of Chicago. In 1952, he moved to the University of Illinois College of Medicine, where he rose through
the ranks to Professor of Neurophysiology and Biochemistry and Director of Research of the Neuropsychiatric
Institute. In 1965, he left Illinois to assume the post of Professor of Brain Research and Biochemistry at the
University of Rochester School of Medicine. In 1987, he assumed the title of Professor of Pharmacology and
Biochemistry at Rochester, where he continued an active program until his death.
Dr. Abood’s research contributions focused on the biochemistry and pharmacology of synapses and excitatory
membranes of three classes of abused substances, nicotine, the psychotomimetic anticholinergics and the opioids.
The major effort of his research group was “devoted to the purification and molecular characterization of the
nicotinic and muscarinic receptors in mammalian brain and elucidation of their functional nature.” In collaboration
with a number of synthetic chemists, they developed a number of agonists, agonists and affinity ligands for the
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