Table Of ContentNICKEL
AND THE SKIN
Absorption, Immunology,
Epidemiology, and Metallurgy
DERMATOLOGY: CLINICAL & BASIC SCIENCE SERIES
Series Editor Howard I. Maibach, M.D.
Published Titles:
Pesticide Dermatoses
Homero Penagos, Michael O’Malley, and Howard I. Maibach
Hand Eczema, Second Edition
Torkil Menne and Howard I. Maibach
Dermatologic Botany
Javier Avalos and Howard I. Maibach
Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function
Marie Loden and Howard I. Maibach
Skin Reactions to Drugs
Kirsti Kauppinen, Kristiina Alanko, Matti Hannuksela, and Howard I. Maibach
Contact Urticaria Syndrome
Smita Amin, Arto Lahti, and Howard 1. Maibach
Bioengineering of the Skin: Skin Surface, Imaging, and Analysis
Klaus P. Wilhelm, Peter Eisner, Enzo Berardesca, and Howard I. Maibach
Bioengineering of the Skin: Methods and Instrumentation
Enzo Berardesca, Peter Eisner, Klaus P. Wilhelm, and Howard I. Maibach
Bioengineering of the Skin: Cutaneous Blood Flow and Erythema
Enzo Berardesca, Peter Eisner, and Howard I. Maibach
Bioengineering of the Skin: Water and the Stratum Comeum
Peter Eisner, Enzo Berardesca, and Howard I. Maibach
Human Papillomavirus Infections in Dermatovenereology
Gerd Gross and Geo von Krogh
The Irritant Contact Dermatitis Syndrome
Pieter van der Valk, Pieter Coenrads, and Howard I. Maibach
Dermatologic Research Techniques
Howard 1. Maibach
Skin Cancer: Mechanisms and Human Relevance
Hasan Mukhtar
Skin Cancer: Mechanisms and Human Relevance
Hasan Mukhtar
Protective Gloves for Occupational Use
Gunh Mellstrom, J.E. Walhberg, and Howard I. Maibach
Pigmentation and Pigmentary Disorders
Norman Levine
Nickel and the Skin: Immunology and Toxicology
Howard I. Maibach and Torkil Menne
Bioengineering of the Skin: Skin Biomechanics
Peter Eisner, Enzo Berardesca, Klaus-P. Wilhelm, and Howard I. Maibach
Nickel and the Skin: Absorption, Immunology, Epidemiology, and Metallurgy
Jurij J. Hostyneck and Howard I. Maibach
DERMATOLOGY: CLINICAL & BASIC SCIENCE SERIES
NICKEL
AND THE SKIN
Absorption, Immunology,
Epidemiology, and Metallurgy
Edited by
Jurij J. Hostynek
Howard I. Maibach
Boca Raton London New York
CRC Press is an imprint of the
Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300
Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
Reissued 2019 by CRC Press
© 2002 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business
No claim to original U.S. Government works
This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources.
Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and
publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of
their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all
material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to
publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been
acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint.
Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted,
reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means,
now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in
any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers.
For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.
copyright.com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc.
(CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit
organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that
have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been
arranged.
Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks,
and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
A Library of Congress record exists under LC control number:
Publisher's Note
The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points out that
some imperfections in the original copies may be apparent.
Disclaimer
The publisher has made every effort to trace copyright holders and welcomes correspondence
from those they have been unable to contact.
ISBN 13: 978-0-367-25052-2 (hbk)
ISBN 13: 978-0-429-28577-6 (ebk)
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the
CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com
Ad majorem Dei gloriam,
hoc licet dicere in opusculo.
Series Preface
Our goal in creating the Dermatology: Clinical & Basic Science Series is to present
the insights of experts on emerging applied and experimental techniques and theo-
retical concepts that are, or will be, at the vanguard of dermatology. These books
cover new and exciting multidisciplinary areas of cutaneous research; and we want
them to be the books every physician will use to become acquainted with new
methodologies in skin research. These books can be given to graduate students and
postdoctoral fellows when they are looking for guidance to start a new line of
research.
The series consists of books that are edited by experts and that consist of chapters
written by the leaders in a particular field. The books are richly illustrated and
contain comprehensive bibliographies. Each chapter provides substantial back-
ground material relevant to the particular subject. These books contain detailed
tricks of the trade and information regarding where the methods presented can be
safely applied. In addition, information on where to buy equipment and helpful
Web sites for solving both practical and theoretical problems are included.
We are working with these goals in mind. As the books become available, the
efforts put in by the publisher, book editors, and the individual authors will contribute
to the further development of dermatology research and clinical practice. The extent
to which we achieve this goal will be determined by the utility of these books.
Howard I. Maibach, M.D.
Preface
From the viewpoint of immunotoxicology, hazards associated with nickel primarily
derive from its type-IV immunogenic properties, as it consistently ranks as the
premier anthropogenic allergen among the general population in industrialized coun-
tries. Thus, immunology of nickel represents the major part of reviews addressing
human health aspects of the metal. A comprehensive discussion of nickel immu-
nology invariably presents a composite picture consisting of diverse environmental,
physiological, and chemical components, and in 1989 a first such mosaic was
composed by Maibach and Menne in their book, Nickel and the Skin: Immunology
and Toxicology, published by CRC Press.
Since then much insight was gained into diverse aspects of nickel’s action in
the human organism, mainly concerning the skin and the immune system, and a
synoptic presentation of the subject from a somewhat different viewpoint now
appears in order. Impetus for this new undertaking came from the Nickel Producers
Environmental Research Association (NiPERA), and for most of the chapters
Katherine Reagan, toxicologist in that organization, collaborated as author.
Subjects that are part of this review deal with the initial event of nickel-containing
objects coming in contact with the skin and the formation of soluble, skin-diffusible
salts, the phenomenon of skin penetration, induction and elicitation of allergic
reactions, diagnosis, tolerance, and epidemiology. The biochemistry of nickel inter-
acting with the organism is discussed by Baldassarre Santucci and collaborators,
who had investigated and discussed that aspect in several earlier publications.
Finally, the metallurgy of nickel and its interaction with other metals in alloys are
addressed by Messrs. Flint and Cutler of the Nickel Development Institute.
Partial support for the book project was provided by NiPERA.
