New Ways of Analyzing Variation in English.

396 Pages·1974·155.44 MB·English

by  Charles-James N. Bailey

New Ways of Analyzing
Variation in English

New Ways of Anqlyzing
Voriotion in English
Chorles-James N. Bailey
Roger W. Shuy
Editors
W
4N
Georgetown University Press, Washington, D.C. 2O(n7
Copyright @ 19?3 by Georgetown University
Printed in the United States of America
A Fake NP Squish
Copyright O 1973 by John Robert Ross
Variation Resulting from Different Rule Orderings in English Phonology
Copyright 4l 19?3 by Charles-James N. Bailey
AII rights reserved. Used with permission
Library of Congress Card Catalogue Number: ?3-?6753
ISBN 0-8?840-01-28
11
TO
WILLIAM LABOV
who freed us from static analysis
Ilt

CONTENTS
Preface ix
Introduction x1
VARIABLE RULES
Walt Wolfram
On what basis variable rules ?
Henrietta J. Cedergren
On the nature of variable constraints IJ
Derek Bickerton
Quantitative versus dynamic paradigms:
The case of Montreal que ZJ
Gillian Sankoff
Above and beyond phonology in variable rules 44
Frank Anshen
Some data which do not fit some models 62
SQUISHES
Donald H. Albury
The clause-internal sentence squish 69
Ivan A. Sag
On the state of progress on progressives and statives aa
John Robert Ross
A fake Np squish 96
Vi / CONTENTS
PROBLEMS IN VARIATION
David DeOamp
What do implicational scales imply? I4L
Peter Trudgill
Phonological rules and sociolinguistic variation
in Norwich English 149
Barbara Robson
Pan-lectal grammars and adult language change 164
Guy Cardeu
Disambiguatioq favored readings, and variable rules LlL
Ralph W. Fasold
The concept of 'earlier-later': More or less correct L83
OTHER STUDIES IN VARIATION
Lyn Kypriotaki
A study in dialect:. Individual variation and dialect rules 198
Charles-James N. Bailey
Variation resulting from different rule orderings
in English phonology 271
Larry Nessly
Nativization and variation in English phonology 253
James E. Hoard and Clarence Sloat
Variation in English stress placement 265
Ronald R. Butters
Acceptability judgments for double modals in
Southern dialects 276
CREOLES
David M. Smith
Creolization and language ontogeny: A preliminary
paradigm for comparing language socialization and
language acculturation 287
CONTENTS / vii
Carol Odo
Focusing and defocusing in Hawaiian English 297
Richard R. Day
Tense neutralization in the Hawaiian post-Creole gradatum 806
Elizabeth Closs Traugott
Some thoughts on natural syntactic processes g1B
Ricardo Otheguy
The Spanish Caribbean: A Creole perspective BZg
VARIATION IN SEMANTIC REFERENCE
William Labov
The boundaries of words and their meanings 940