Table Of ContentNew Trends in Coal Science
NATO ASI Series
Advanced Science Institutes Series
A Series presenting the results of activities sponsored by the NA TO Science Committee,
which aims at the dissemination of advanced scientific and technological knowledge,
with a view to strengthening links between scientific communities.
The Series is published by an international board of publishers in conjunction with
the NATO Scientific Affai rs Division
A Life Sciences Plenum Publishing Corporation
B Physics London and New York
C Mathematical Kluwer Academic Publishers
and Physical Sciences Dordrecht, Boston and London
D Behavioural and Social Sciences
E Applied Sciences
F Computer and Systems Sciences Springer-Verlag
G Ecological Sciences Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, London,
H Cell Biology Paris and Tokyo
Series C: Mathematical and Physical Sciences -Vol. 244
New Trends in Coal Science
edited by
Yuda Yurum
Department of Chemistry,
Faculty of Engineering,
Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
Kluwer Academic Publishers
Dordrecht / Boston / London
Published in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on
New Trends in Coal Science
Dat<;a, Turkey
August 23 - September 4, 1987
library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
NATO Adv~ncea St~d~ Institute on New Trends In Coal SCience .1967
DaT~a. Tur~ey)
New trenas In call SCUnC! proceedings of t~e NATO Advanced
Study InstiTute on Ne" Trends In Coal SCience, D'T~a, Tur~e~, August
23-Septe .. ber 4. 1987 I &d1T.d Ov v~aa Vuru •.
p. c •• -- INATO ASI series. SerieS C, Malheu ncal and
physlc,1 sCiences; no. 244)
Incluaes bibliographies Ind Index.
1. COl l--Congresses. I. Vuru~. vuoa. 1946- II. T'tle.
III. Ser les.
TP325.N34 1987
662.6·2--oc19 88-2,3r0e2 1
ISBN-13: 978-94-010-7869-6 e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-3045-2
DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-3045-2
Published by Kluwer Academic Publishers,
P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
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All Rights Reserved
© 1988 by Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Softcover reprinl of Ihe hardcover 1 sl edilion 1988
No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized
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copyright owner.
CONTENTS
FOREWORD
LIST OF CONTkIBUTORS
PARTICIPANTS
PART I. STRUCTURE OF COAL
The Origin of Coals
Peter H.Given (The Late) 1
The Nature and Origins of Coal Macerals
Peter H.Given (The Late) and Gary Dyrkacz 53
Macromolecular Structure of Coals:
Status and Opportunities
John W.Larsen 73
Solvent Swelling of Coals
Elaine M.Y.Quinga and John W.Larsen 85
Solid State l~C NMR in Coal Research:
Selected Techniques and Application
Francis P.Miknis 117
A New Approach for Quantitative l~C NMR
Spectroscopy of Coal
Leon M.Stock, John V.Muntean and Robert E.Botto 159
Structural Analysis of Coal Derivatives
Keith D.Bartle 169
Estimating Thermophysical Properties of Coal Liquids
Using NMR Spectra
David T.Allen and Leonidas Petrakis 187
The Infrared Spectra of Coals, 1980-1986
Alec F.Gaines 197
Introduction to Coal Photochemistry
J.R.Darwent and Alec F.Gaines 219
Coal Characterization by Means of
Curie-Point Pyrolysis Techniques
Peter J.J.Tromp, Jacob A.Moulijn and Jaap J.Boon 241
Chromatographic Techniques in Coal Science
Keith D.Bartle 271
The Oxygen Functional Groups in Bituminous Coal
Leon M.Stock 287
PART II. REACTIVITY OF COAL
Slow and Rapid Pyrolysis of Coal
Peter J.J.Tromp and Jacob A.Moulijn 305
Coal Liquefaction Kinetics
Larry L.Anderson 339
Catalysis of Coal Liquefaction
Larry L.Anderson 361
Solubilization of Coal
Aral Olcay 383
Supercritical Gas Extraction of Coal
Aral Olcay 401
Coal Desulphurization. The Protodesulphurization of
Naphthalene Thiols and Sulphides
Leon M.Stock and Ryszard Wolny 417
Kinetics of Coal Gasification
Klaus J.Huttinger 433
Transport and Other Effects in Coal Gasification
Klaus J.Huttinger 453
Fluidized Bed Combustion of Coal
Nevin Seicuk 481
Prediction of the Behaviour of Atmospheric
Fluidized Bed Coal Combustors
Nevin Selcuk 495
Subject Index 523
FOREWORD
This volume contains the lectures presented at the
Advanced Study Institute on "New Trends in Coal Science"
which was held at Datca, HUgla, Turkey during
August 23 - September 4, 1987. The book includes 23 chapters
which were originally written for the meeting by some of the
world's foremost investigators.
Chemists everywhere are carrying out exciting research
that has important implications for the energy and fuels
industries and for society in general. For the near future,
coal resources will continue to be of great importance and
science and technology of the highest order are needed to
extend this fossil energy resource and to utilize it in an
economical way that is also environmentally acceptable.
These were the main purposes for the organization of this
NATO ASI.
The Institute constituted two working weeks on
structure and reactivity of coal and so is the book. Through
the presentation of many specific recent results on
structure and characterization of coal and its products the
potential of new instrumental techniques is presented in the
first part of the book. Finally the reactivity of coals at
different conditions both in laboratory and industry is
discussed. We hope that the volume will be of great use to
research workers from academic and industrial background. In
addition it could serve as a textbook for a graduate course
on coal science and technology.
I would like to acknowledge the contribution of each of
the authors in this book. Their research efforts have shed
light on our understanding in coal science research. I look
forward to their contributions for the advancement of this
very challenging science.
I received a letter from Professor Peter H.Given in
Harch informing me that his manuscript on "The Origin of
Coal" was almost ready and he would be going to send it in
April. On April 11, 1988 I received a letter from his
secretary telling Professor Given had died on
April 2, 1988. This was really an unexpected event for me.
I knew that he had some health problems but I had not known
his situation was that critical. Although Professor Given
was in my list of lecturers of the NATO ASI, due to his
health problems he had not been able to attend the Institute
and his lectures were taken over by Dr. Gary Dyrkacz.
viii
The loss of Professor Given will surely create a big
emptiness in the field of coal science and I am confident
that his contributions as corner stones in this field will
guide the scientists for future prospects.
Many people contributed the success of the Institute on
which this volume is based. I acknowledge the members of the
Organizing Committee: Prof.Alec F.Gaines of Birkbeck
College, Prof. John W.Larsen of Lehigh University and
Dr. Francis P.Miknis of Western Research Institute and I take
this occasion to thank them for their efforts before and
during the Institute.
The Institute was generously sponsored by the
Scientific Affairs Division of the NATO and their
contribution is deeply acknowledged. In addition to the
Scientific Affairs Division of the NATO, the Institute was
supported by the Turkish Scientific and Technological
Research Council (TUBITAK) and Faculty of Engineering of
Hacettepe University.
Finally, I acknowledge the efforts of the people who
contributed to organizational aspects of the Institute,
administrative matters and secretarial assistance. I include
in this list Perla Yurum, and my graduate students
Murat AZlk, Kerim Karabakan, Jale ozklsaclk and
Suleyman Tuncel. I should also convey my appreciation to the
publishers themselves for their customary efficiency in
bringing out this volume.
Ankara YUDA YURUM
April,1988 Director
NATO ASI on
New Trends in Coal Science
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
1. Professor Peter H.Given t
5 High Street
S. Woodchester, Strout
Glos. GL5 5EL
England
2. Dr. Gary Dyrkacz
Argonne National Laboratory
Chemistry Division
9700 South Cass Avenue
Argonne, III inois 60439
U.S.A.
3. Professor John W.Larsen
Lehigh University
Department of Chemistry
Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
U.S.A.
4. Dr. Francis P.Hiknis
Western Research Institute
P.O. Box 3395
University Station
Laramie, Wyoming 82071
U.S.A.
5. Professor Leon H.Stock
University of Chicago
Department of Chemistry
5735 S. Ellis Avenue
Ch i cago, Illi no i s 60637
U.S.A.
6. Dr. Keith D.Bartle
University of Leeds
Department of Chemistry
Leeds LS2 9JT
United Kingdom
ix
x
7. Dr. Leonidas Petrakis
Chevron Research Company
576 Standard Avenue
Richmond, California 94802
U.S.A.
8. Professor Alec F.Gaines
University of London
Birkbeck College
Malet Sreet
London WClE 7HX
United Kingdom
9. Professor Jacob A.Moulijn
University of Amsterdam
Institute of Chemical Technology
Nieuwe Achtergracht 166
1018 WV Amsterdam
The Netherlands
10.Professor Larry L.Anderson
University of Utah
Department of Fuels Engineering
Salt Lake City, Utah 84117
U.S.A.
Il.Professor Klaus J.Huttinger
Universitat Karlsruhe
Kaiserstrasse 12
D-7500 Karlsruhe
Federal Republic of Germany
12.Professor Aral Olcay
University of Ankara
Faculty of Science
Department of Chemical Engineering
Ankara
Turkey
13.Professor Nevin Selcuk
Middle East Technical University
Department of Chemical Engineering
Ankara,
Turkey
