Table Of ContentNew Technologies
for Supercolliders
ETTORE MAJORANA
INTERNATIONAL SCIENCE SERIES
Series Editor:
Antonino Zichichi
European Physical Society
Geneva, Switzerland
(PHYSICAL SCIENCES)
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Edited by Luisa Cifarelli and Thomas Ypsilantis
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New Technologies
for Supercolliders
Edited by
Luisa Citarelli
University of Naples
Naples. Italy
and
Thomas Ypsilantis
College de France
Paris. France
Plenum Press • New York and London
L1brary of Congress Catalog1ng-1n-PubI1cat1on Data
New technologles for supercolliders / edited by LUlsa Cifarelli and
Thomas Ypsilantis.
p. cm. -- (Ettore MaJorana lnternatlonal science serles.
Physical sCiences; v. 57)
Includes bibllographical references and index.,
ISBN 978-1-4684-1362-5
1. Supercolliders--Congresses. I. Cifarelli. L. (Luisa)
II. Ypsilantls. Thomas. III. Series.
QC787.P7N49 1992
539.7'9--dc20 91-39834
CIP
Proceedings of the Twelfth Workshop of the INFN Eloisatron Project
on New Technologies for Supercolliders, held September 15-20, 1990,
in Erice, Sicily, Italy
© 1991 Plenum Press, New York
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1991
A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation
233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 10013
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-1362-5 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-1360-1
001: 10.1007/978-1-4684-1360-1
PREFACE
The present volume is based on the proceedings of the 12th Workshop of the INFN
ELOISATRON Project, held at the "Ettore Majorana" Centre for Scientific Culture
(EMCSC), Erice (frapani), Sicily, Italy, in the period September 15-20, 1990.
The proceedings deal with the presentation of "New Technologies for
Supercolliders". Three new energy frontiers (16,40 and 200 TeV) are now opened up
for the future of Subnuclear Physics. Basic problems above the Fermi-energy are
crowding up: but no one knows the energy levels needed for their solution. This is why
the technology for experiments with the new generation of Supercolliders needs to be
pursued having in mind the problems which are of common interest in the three energy
frontiers. The primary purpose of the Workshop was to contribute towards the highest
energy limit in the search for new instruments and new technologies. Furthermore, the
present status and performances of various detector technologies were reviewed. The
possible options for a powerful apparatus whose goal would be the discovery of the top,
Higgs and SUSY particles in a very high energy, high rate environment, were finally
analysed.
The Workshop was sponsored by the Italian National Institute for Nuclear Physics
(INFN), the Italian Ministry of Education, the Italian Ministry of Scientific and
Technological Research and the Sicilian Regional Government. We are thankful to the
staff of EMCSC for their efficient and warm support.
Luisa Cifarelli, University of Naples, INFN-Bologna, Italy,
and CERN/LAA, Geneva, Switzerland
Thomas Ypsilantis, Coll~ge de France, Paris,
and CERN/LAA, Geneva, Switzerland
Editors
Geneva, May 25,1991
CONIENTS
INTRODUCTION
Why 200 TeV ............................................................................................ l
A. Zichichi
CALORIME1RY
A Totally Active Liquid Xenon or Kripton Electromagnetic Calorimeter for
High Luminosity Hadron Colliders .................................................................. 9
J. Seguinot, T. Ypsilantis, M. Bosteels, A. Gougas, G. Passardi,
J. Tischhauser and Y. Giomataris
Progress on BaF2 Calorimeters ..................................................................... 29
G. Charpak, V. Peskov and D. Scigocki
A New Scintillator: LiBaF3, and Its Basic Properties. ........................................... ,49
V. Peskov and A. Zichichi
Hybrid Photodiode Tube ............................................................................. 57
R. DeSalvo and Y. Wang
Calorimeters Sampled with Warm Liquids ......................................................... 65
J.P. Mendiburu
Electron Identification with TRD at Future Colliders ............................................. 77
P. Nevski
Trigger and Data Acquisition Prospects for the Spaghetti Calorimeter .......................... 85
R. DeSalvo
SUBNUCLEAR MULTICHANNEL INIEGRATED DETECTOR TECHNOLOGIES
Development of FrontEnd Electronics for Future Supercollider Experiments ................ 105
F. Anghinolfi, P. Aspell, M. Campbell, E. Heijne, P. Jarron, and G. Meddeler
LARGE AREA DEVICES
A Study of a Toroidal Muon Spectrometer with a Discrete Air Coil for a
Multi-TeV Hadron-Hadron Collider ............................................................... 125
F. Bergsma, G. Laurenti, G. Levi, Q. Lin and G. Susinno
Latest Results on the Development of the Gaseous Pixel Chamber ............................ 153
D. Antreasyan, H. Castro, J. Galvez, Y. Liu, D. Mattern, F. Rivera,
A. Sharma, J. Solano Salinas, M.C.S. Williams and A. Zichichi
Vii'
The Muon Spectrometer: What is Needed? ....................................................... 167
M.C.S. Williams
HIGH PRECISION TRACKING
Scintillating Fibres for Central Tracking of Charged Particles ................................. 173
C. D'Ambrosio, P. Destruel, U. Gensch, H. Gusten,H. Leutz, D. Puertolas,
S. Schlenstedt, T. Shimizu, O. Shinji, S. Tailhardat and M. Taufer
Opto-electronic Delay for the Readout of Particle Tracks from Scintillating Fibres .......... 185
T. Gys, H. Leutz and D. Piedigrossi
GaAs Detectors for Physics at the LHC ........................................................... 197
S.P. Beaumont, R. Bertin, S. D' Auria, C. del Papa, M. Edwards, F. Fiori,
J.G. Lynch, B. Lisowski, M. Nuti, V. O'Shea, P.G. PeIfer, C. Raine,
1.0. Skillicorn, K.M. Smith, R.M. Turnbull and A. Zichichi
New Developments in Gaseous Tracking Chambers ............................................ 211
F. Sauli
Superconducting Strips for Microvertex Detectors .............................................. 223
T.O. Niinikoski, A. Rijllart, B. Strehl, K. Winter and M. Caria
LEADING PARTICLE DETECTION
Status of Leading Particle Detection ............................................................... 247
G. Anzivino, R. Ayad, M. Chiarini, P. Ford, M. Hourican, H. Larsen,
B. Lisowski, T. Massam, C. Nemoz, J. Shipper and Y. Zamora
SUPERCOLLIDER PHYSICS
QCD Physics of Jets in the TeV Range ........................................................... 267
V.A. Khoze
Higher-order Corrections in QCD Event Simulation ............................................ 287
G. Marchesini
High Energy Phenomenon of Baryon Number Violation ....................................... 301
R. Meng
MONTE CARLO SIMULATION
A "Super Monte Carlo" for Multi-TeV Physics Simulation ..................................... 307
J. Alberty, F. Anselmo, L. Cifarelli, O. Di Rosa, B. van Eijk, E. Eskut,
D. Hatzifotiadou, G. La Commare, C. Maidantchik, Marino and G. Xexeo
Computing Tools, Now and Then ................................................................. 323
E. Pagiola
Detector Simulation for Complex Multi-TeV Experiments ...................................... 335
A. Bassi, G. Bruni, L. Cifarelli, G. Iacobucci, G. La Commare,
M. Marino, and R. Nania
DATA ACQUISmON AND ANALYSIS
Image Processing at Supercolliders ................................................................ 347
W. Krischer
Viti
Signal Processing, Triggering and Data Acquisition ............................................. 361
N. Ellis, S. Cittolin and L. Mapelli
Participants ........................................................................................... 387
Index .................................................................................................. 389
IX
WHY 200 TeV
Opening Lecture
A. Zichichi
CERN, Geneva
Switzerland
This introductory note is intended to illustrate the motivations for an in
creased effort, both theoretical and experimental, towards the design of an
hadronic collider of the highest possible energy and luminosity: ELOISATROW).
At present, four big colliders, whose main characteristics are given in Table 1,
are either operating, or under construction, or under study: LEP, HERA, LHC,
and SSC.
Table 1. Present colliders, operating, under construction, or under study.
Collider Colliding Centre-of-mass Status
particles energy
LEP, CERN, Geneva, CH e+e- 100 +- 200GeV operating
HERA, DESY, Hamburg, FRG ep 314GeV construction
LHC, CERN, Geneva, CH pp 16TeV study
SSC, Ellis County, Texas, USA pp 40TeV study
It is of interest to think about what can be the output, in terms of physics
discoveries, of these four colliders.
Two scenarios are possible.
New Technologies for Supercolliders. Edited by L. Cifarelli and
T. Ypsilantis. Plenum Press. New York. 1991
1. PESSIMISTIC
LEP will be a great check of the "Standard Model" .
HERA will allow superb measurements of the structure functions, with the
"leading effect" correctly accounted for (i.e., measured).
LHC will produce a formidable proof that the Standard Model is OK.
SSC will confirm, with a superproof, that the Standard Model is OK.
These four colliders represent an enormous investment, both in money -
about 20 billion US dollars in a period of 15 years (1985 -;- 2000) - and in
personnel. Nearly all the High Energy Physics community will eventually be
engaged with one of them.
Should it happen, the result of this scenario will be that Subnuclear Physics
will not survive. Therefore, we need, now, to start thinking about the
highest possible energy and the outmost luminosity reachable.
2. OPTIMISTIC
Great discoveries will come from LEP, HERA, LHC and SSC. In this case,
the energy jump towards the highest possible energy would be even more
compulsory. But the implementation of a (100 + 100) TeV supercollider needs
at least 10 years. Therefore, the conclusion is the same as for scenario 1.
WHAT NEEDS TO BE DONE
Both scenarios point to the need to start now thinking about a collider with
the
highest possible energy -+ 100 + 100 TeV
and the
This collider can not be an e+e- machine, because, even if the largest e+e
collider could be built in the near future ((1 + 1) TeV) , this would correspond, in
terms of the costituent centre-of-mass energy, to a pp collider of (6 + 6) TeV only.
Let me synthetically report what is being done to implement the crucial steps
for Subnuclear Physics towards the above targets, in Energy and Luminosity.
The conceptual design has been donel). As quoted above, the energy is
+
(100 100) TeV, and the Luminosity is, at present, rv 1O-33cm-2s-l (see Table
2). Theoretical studies are going on to work out the highest level of luminosity.
With a circumference of 300 km, the bending field of the collider will have to
be about 10 T. The total bending length will, in that case, be 209.6 km/ring. The
rest of the circumference will be used for focusing quadrupoles, correcting magnets
and other auxiliary magnets,acceleration cavities, beam instrumentation, injection
and extraction systems, and, most important of all, the insertion of the interaction
2
