New Techniques for the Detection of Nuclear and Radioactive Agents (NATO Science for Peace and Security Series B: Physics and Biophysics)

349 Pages·2009·19.56 MB·English

by  Gul Asiye Aycik

New Techniques for the Detection of Nuclear
and Radioactive Agents
NATO Science for Peace and Security Series
This Series presents the results of scientific meetings supported under the NATO
Programme: Science for Peace and Security (SPS).
The NATO SPS Programme supports meetings in the following Key Priority areas: (1)
Defence Against Terrorism; (2) Countering other Threats to Security and (3)NATO, Partner
and Mediterranean Dialogue Country Priorities. The types of meeting supported are
generally "Advanced Study Institutes" and "Advanced Research Workshops". The NATO
SPS Series collects together the results of these meetings.The meetings are co-
organized by scientists from NATO countries and scientists from NATO's "Partner" or
"Mediterranean Dialogue" countries.The observations and recommendations made at
the meetings, as well as the contents of the volumes in the Series, reflect those of parti-
cipants and contributors only;they should not necessarily be regarded as reflecting NATO
views or policy.
Advanced Study Institutes (ASI) are high-level tutorial courses intended to convey the
latest developments in a subject to an advanced-level audience
Advanced Research Workshops (ARW) are expert meetings where an intense but
informal exchange of views at the frontiers of a subject aims at identifying directions for
future action
Following a transformation of the programme in 2006 the Series has been re-named and
re-organised. Recent volumes on topics not related to security, which result from meetings
supported under the programme earlier, may be found in the NATO Science Series.
The Series is published by IOS Press, Amsterdam, and Springer, Dordrecht, in conjunction
with the NATO Public Diplomacy Division.
Sub-Series
A. Chemistry and Biology Springer
B. Physics and Biophysics Springer
C. Environmental Security Springer
D. Information and Communication Security IOS Press
E. Human and Societal Dynamics IOS Press
http://www.nato.int/science
http://www.springer.com
http://www.iospress.nl
Series B:Physics and Biophysics
New Techniques for the Detection
of Nuclear and Radioactive
Agents
edited by
Gul Asiye Aycik
Department of Chemistry
Mugla University
Mugla, Turkey
Published in cooperation with NATO Public Diplomacy Division
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Training Course on
New Techniques for the Detection of Nuclear and Radioactive Agents
Mugla, Turkey
26–30 May 2008
Library of Congress Control Number: 2009920514
ISBN 978-1-4020-9599-3 (PB)
ISBN 978-1-4020-9598-6 (HB)
ISBN 978-1-4020-9600 -6 (e-book)
Published by Springer,
P.O. Box 17, 3300 AADordrecht, The Netherlands.
www.springer.com
Printed on acid-free paper
All Rights Reserved
© Springer Science + Business Media B.V. 2009
No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
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CONTENTS
The Directors…………………...………………....………...…………...ix
List of Specialists.......................................................................................xi
List of Trainees.......................................................................................xiii
Preface....................................................................................................xvii
1. Overview of the Radioactive and Nuclear Agents
in the Environment............................................................................1
Gul Asiye Aycik
2. The Localization of Gamma Emitting Point Source
in a Large Medium by Multi Detectors Measurements................15
Zeev B. Alfassi
3. Environmental Radionuclides Measured by AMS........................27
Catalin Stan-Sion, Mihaela Enachescu and Marius Dogaru
4. Combination of Radiochemical and Activation Techniques
for the Detection of Radionuclides..................................................49
Borut Smodiš and Judmila Benedik
5. The Concept of Virtual Point Detector for Voluminous Gamma
Detectors...........................................................................................57
Zeev B. Alfassi
6. The Localization of a Small Neutron DetectorSource in a
Homogeneous Medium....................................................................75
Sergei Dubinski, Oren Presler and Zeev B. Alfassi
7. Passive Solid State Dosimeters in Environmental Monitoring....97
Mária Ranogajec-Komor
8. The Challenges for Investigation/Detection in Combating
Trafficking of Radioactive Sources in Albania...........................113
Luan Qafmolla and Shyqyri Arapi

v
vi CONTENTS
9. Macedonian Experience in Metal Scrap Monitoring at Border
Crossings.........................................................................................121
Trajče Trajčev
10. Radiation Monitoring at the Borders of Republic of Uzbekistan
with the Use of Portal Monitors.....................................................127
Vitaliy Petrenko, Bekhzod S. Yuldashev, Ulugbeg Ismailov,
Nikolay N. Shipilov and Anvar D. Avezov
11. The Ukrainian Experience of Application of Guarantees
of Non-proliferation and Requirements of the Additional
Protocol............................................................................................137
Oleksandr Viskov and Arkady Batrak
12. Modern Condition of Uranium Provinces in Kyrgyzstan
(in Areas of Kadji-Sai and Min-Kush)..........................................147
Ainagul Jalilova, Bekmamat M. Djenbaev, Alai B. Shamshiev
and Baktiar T. Zholboldiev
13. Instruments for Detecting the Unsanctioned Displacement
of Radioactive Materials.................................................................155
Yury Sapozhnikov, Irina Butkalyuk and Pavel Butkalyuk
14. Practical Instrumentation Considerations When Planning
a Radiation Monitoring Program for the Field and the
Laboratory.......................................................................................163
N. Anthony Greenhouse
15. Gamma Spectrometry in the Field.................................................173
N. Anthony Greenhouse
16. Gas-Filled and Plastic Scintillation Detectors: Advantages........181
Mohammed K. Zaidi and Syed F. Naeem
17. Efficiency Calibration of a Well-Type Ge Detector
for Voluminous Samples in Cylindrical Geometry......................193
Ayse Nur Solmaz, Haluk Yücel and Dogan Bor
18. Environmental Monitoring at KFKI Campus..............................207
László Sági and Attila Nagy
CONTENTS vii
19. The Problem of Vulnerable Ionizing Radiation Sources
in Republic of Moldova...................................................................213
Elena Mursa
20. Measurement of Naturally Occurring Radionuclides with
Several Detectors: Advantages and Disadvantages......................221
Constantin Papastefanou
21. Preparation of Radionuclides and Their Measurement by
High Resolution γ-Spectrometry, β-Spectrometry and High
Resolution α-Spectrometry.............................................................247
Flavia Groppi, Mauro L. Bonardi, Zeev B. Alfassi and Luigi Gini
22. Determination of Radionuclides in Environmental Samples......273
Pavol Rajec, Ľubomir Mátel, Olga Rosskopfová, Silvia Dulanská
and Dusan Galanda
23. Radiological Investigation of Issyk-Kul Region of Kyrgyz
Republic...........................................................................................287
Azamat Kalyevich Tynybekov and Jeenbek E. Kulenbekov
24. Working Together for Nuclear Safety...........................................295
Oleg Udovyk
25. Environmental Studies in Uzbekistan Institute of Nuclear
Physics with the Use of Nuclear Methods.....................................307
Bekhzod S. Yuldashev, Umar S. Salikhabaev, Raisa I. Radyuk,
Sergey V. Artemov, Gennadiy A. Radyuk and Erkin A. Zaparov
26. Radiobiological Effects of 241Am Incorporated in Cells
of Organism and Methods of Prevention of the Menace
of Combined Toxicity of the Transurani Elements......................313
Namik Rashydov and Valentyna Berezhna
27. Testing and Performance Evaluation of Illicit Trafficking
Radioactivity Detectors...................................................................323
Anton Švec
28. Determination of Lead-210 and Polonium-210 in Marine
Environment....................................................................................335
Aysun Ugur and Gungor Yener
Subject Index..........................................................................................345
DIRECTORS
NATO ATC DIRECTOR: Gul Asiye AYCIK, Professor, Mugla
University, Head of Chemistry Department, 48000 Mugla, Turkey,
[email protected]
NATO ATC CO DIRECTOR: Zeev B. ALFASSI, Professor, Ben
Gurion University of the Negev, Nuclear Engineering Department,
84105 Beer Sheva, Israel, [email protected]
ix
LIST OF SPECIALISTS
CROATIA:
Mária Ranogajec-KOMOR, Ph.D., Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička,
54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, [email protected]
GREECE:
Constantin PAPASTEFANOU, Professor, Aristotle University
of Thessalonik Atomic and Nuclear Physics Laboratory, 54124
Thessaloniki, Greece, [email protected]
ISRAEL:
Zeev B. ALFASSI, Professor, Ben Gurion University of the Negev,
Nuclear Engineering Department, 84105 Beer Sheva, Israel,
[email protected]
ITALY:
Flavia GROPPI, Professor, Milano University, Nuclear Physics
Department, Health Protection Unit, Milano, Italy,
[email protected]
ROMANIA:
Catalin STAN-SION, Professor, Institutul De Fizica Si Inginerie Nucleara
“Horia Hulubei” Departamenul Fizica Nucleara Aplicata, Romania,
[email protected]
SLOVAK REPUBLIC:
Anton ŠVEC, Ph.D., Slovak Institute of Metrology, Center of Ionizing
Radiations, Head of Radionuclide Metrology Group, Karloveska
63, 84255 Bratislava, Slovak Republic, [email protected]
SLOVENIA:
Borut SMODIŠ, Ph.D., Jožef Stefan Institute, Head, Radioecology
Group of the Department of Environmental Sciences, Slovenia,
[email protected]
TURKEY:
Gul Asiye AYCIK, Professor, Mugla University, Head of Chemistry
Department, 48000 Mugla, Turkey, [email protected]
xi