Table Of ContentD. A. L. DAVIES'& Bing YANG^
MuseumofZoology, UniversityofCambridge, England.
'KunmingInstituteofZoology,AcademiaSinica, Yunnan, P.R. China.
NEW SPECIES OF BAYADERA SELYS AND
SCHMIDTIPHAEAASAHINA FROM CHINA
(ODONATA, EUPHAEIDAE)
Davies, D. A. L. &B. Yang,1996. NewspeciesofBayaderaSelysand SchmidtiphaeaAsahina.
from China (Odonata, EuphaeidaeJ.-TijdschriftvoorEntomologie 139: 145-155, figs.1-32,
tab. 1. [ISSN0040-7496]. Pubhshed 18December 1996.
ThreenewspeciesofBayadera, B. serrata(holotypemale: Dali,Yunnan,4July 1991), B. stri-
gata(holotypemale, allotypefemale: Dali,Yunnan, 4July 1991) and B. nephelopennis(holo-
typemale, allotypefemale: Omeishan, Sichuan, 8June 1992) aredescribed.Anewspeciesof
Schmidtiphaea, S. yunnanensis is described (holotype male, allotype female: Jiangcheng, S.
YNuWnnaTnh,ai2l6anMd,ay281J9u9n3e) a19n9d0f)irisstpdreesscernitpetdi.onAofketyheanfedmaalgeuiodfe5.tojft/?hwe/«l/i?tAersaathuirenais(pDrooiviSduetdhefpo,r
the 13speciesand2subspeciesnowknowninBayadera.
Correspondence:D.A.L.Davies,23CedarCourt,HillsRoad,Cambridge,cb22qj,England.
Keywords.—Bayadera; Schmidtiphaea;key;newspecies.
NW
BayaderaSelys 1853, was established for B. indica, Thailand ofS. schmidiAsahina is included here
which was originally described by de Selys Long- fordescriptionofitshithertounknownfemaleandof
champs (1853) in the same paper as Euphaea anewspeciesfromYunnan.
[Epallage) indica. This species is not uncommon in
north IndiaandNepal andinthispaperwegivedata
Systematic part
for its distribution as far east as Yunnan. All other
species (now 13 species and two subspecies ) are in Descriptionsofnewspecies
this geographic range with extension to east and
south to accommodate species or subspecies in Bayaderaserratasp. n.
VietnamandtheSEAsiaoffshoreislandsTaiwanand (figs. 1-5).
the Ryukyus. These damselflies are medium sized, Typematerial.-Holotype 1 male,Dali,Yunnan,4
slim, blackish, retiring insects. The principal charac- July 1991, leg. YB. (in izas).
ters arewingspetiolated onlyto abouthalfwayfrom Male. - Abdomen plus appendages 44.0 mm;
base to arc and to the level of the first antenodal hindwing39.0 mm.
nervure;RiiincontactwithR+Matitsoriginandfor
somedistance;nodusslightlydistal tocentreofwing; Head.—Labiumblackwiththelaterallobesbluish-
onlyonecubital nervurein allwings; Riii not inline yellow; this bright colour on the labrum extending
withsubnodus;abdomenlongerthanwings;terminal upwardovertheanteriorquarteroffronsandlateral-
appendages considerably longer than segment 10. ly along the inner margin ofeach eye to the level of
The appendages are very similar in style throughout the lateral ocelli; the frons not projecting, so that
thegenusandfiguresgiven byearlyauthorsareinad- whenseen fromabove, thesurfaceoffronsalmoston
equate in detail. References are given here for ade- the level ofsurface ofgenae, the frons sparsely beset
quate figures ofall species other than those depicted withpaleyellowhairs;vertexandocciputmattblack,
in thispaper. the latter with its ridge straight and turned forwards
The closely related genus Schmidtiphaea Asahina so that its rear can be seen in dorsal view, the rear
known only by a male from Burma and males from blackwith asmall geminateyellowspotat the center
145
.
TijdschriftvoorEntomologie,volume139.1996
the area between the dorsal and latero-ventral ridge
convex (save the apical expansion), studded basally
with minute tubercles, apicallywith small teeth; the
area between the dorsal and internal ridge slightly
concave, smooth; in lateral view the apex expanded
withtheinferiormarginminutelyserrateandposteri-
ormarginsmooth, thesetwomarginscurlinginwards
apically. Inferior appendages in lateral view nearly
reaching to the tips ofsuperiors, subcylindrical, ta-
pered, thepointedapicesdirectedslightlymesadand
dorsad. Penileorganasshowninfigs2-3.
Female.-Unknown.
Differentialdiagnosis.-Pterothoracicpattern (fig.
1) very different from that ofB. strigata (fig. 6) and
from that ofB. nephelopennis(fig. 12); the pattern is
alsodifferentinstylefromthatwhich ismostcharac-
teristicoftheEuphaeidae(seeDiscussion).Themale
abdominalappendages (figs.4-5) areverydifferentin
shapefrom thoseofB. strigata(fig. 7-8) andthoseof
B.nephelopennis(figs. 13-15).
Etymology. -serrata, Latin serrule = a saw, adjec-
tive serrated, referring to the inferior margins ofthe
apices ofthe superioranal appendages. 'The serrated
tFihgosr.ax1-a5.ndBabaysaadleambdseormriatnaalsp.seng.,memnatlse;.21-,3,maprekniinlgesorogfahne;ad4,- Bayadera
5,analappendages.
Bayaderastrigatasp. n.
behind the ridge. Eyes dark brown above, lower half (figs. 6-11).
olivaceous. Type material. - Holotype male, 4 July 1991,
Thorax. — Prothorax blackwith a tinypale yellow DALD leg. (in iZAs); allotype female, 4July 1991, yb
spotandamoderatebluespoton eachsideofanteri- leg.; paratypes, 18 males and 10 females, 4-7 July
or and median lobe respectively. Thorax matt black 1991, DALD &YBleg., allfromDali,Yunnan.
with two bright bluish-yellow stripes, one ante-
humeral and another diagonally across the humeral Male.-Abdomenplusappendages42mm;hw.35
suture,confluentbelowformingaU-shapedmarkon mm.
eachsideinfront;laterallyasmallwedge-shapedblue Head. — Labium black, pruinose in the middle,
spotattheantero-dorsalangleofthemetepisternum; bright yellow on the sides with anterior tips black;
interpleural suture pruinose; greater part of labrum, bases ofmandibles andgenaepale blue, this
metepimeron bluish yellow; a large pale yellow area colourexpandingupwardalongtheinnermarginsof
beneath the metathorax. Beneath prothorax, thorax the eyes to about the level ofthe lateral ocelli; ante-
and coxae pruinose, as also dorsum and wingbase of clypeus black, postclypeus blackwith a blue spot in
thorax. Wings entirely hyaline; pterostigma dark themiddle; fronsblack, slightlyprotrudingandbeset
brown, covering4-5 cells, Riiibegins 1 to 2 cellsdis- with a tuft ofblack hairs on each side; vertex black
taltothesubnodus, nodalindexforewing 16: 20 I 20 withasmallbluespotoneachsideagainstthebaseof
: 15, hindwing 16 : 16 I 17 : 15. Legs black, femora antenna which is black; occiput entirely black. Eyes
pruinoseinternally. darkbrown above, lowerhalfolivaceous.
Abdomen.-Black,segment 1 pruinose,segment2 Thorax.-Prothoraxblack,markedwithbrownish-
only dorsally so, marked with blue as follows: seg- yellowasfollows: atwinspotinthemid-dorsumand
ment 2 with a lateral stripe; 3-6 with a baso-lateral asmallventro-lateralspotoneachsideoftheanterior
spotandalateralstripe, thelatterdiminishingposte- lobe; a large lateral spot beset with silvery hairs on
riorly, almost obsolete in 6; 7-8 with only the baso- each side ofthe middle lobe and a tinyspot on each
lateral spot; 9-10 unmarked.Anal appendages black, side and one in the centre of the posterior lobe.
the superiors curling strongly downwards, about the Pterothorax black, marked with pale yellow as fol-
lengthofsegment 9 and twice the length ofsegment lows: - a fine antehumeral stripe curving out above
10; interiorlynearbasearobustspinedirectedmesad and below; a similar but broad stripe diagonally
andupward,projectingabout0.5 mm;indorsalview across the humeral (mesopleural) suture curving for-
146
DaviES&Yang: NewEuphaeidae
Figs.6-11. Bayaderastrigatasp.n.-male:6,markingsofhead, thoraxandbasalabdominalsegments;7-8,analappendages;
9-10,penileorgan;female: 11,markingsofhead,thoraxandbasalsegmentsofabdomen.
Figs. 12-17. Bayaderanephelopennissp. n.-female: 12, markingsofhead, thoraxandbasalabdominalsegments; male: 13-
15,analappendages; 16-17,penileorgan.
147
TijdschriftvoorEntomologie,volume139,1996
wardbelowandnearlyin touchwith theantehumer- nephelopennis (fig 12). Anal appendages distinctive
alstripe; laterallythreebroadstripes, oneoneachsu- (figs. 7-8, 4-5 and 13-15).
ture (interpleuralandmetapleural), thethirdoverthe Etymology. - Latin, strigus = a furrow or stripe,
greaterpartofthemetepimeron, thefirstandsecond hence strigata, = striped; adjective describing the
confluent below, the latter and the third confluent stripedpatternofthepterothoraxasseenlaterally(fig,
above; alarge area beneath the metathorax. Beneath, 6); especiallydifferent from that ofÄ serrata(fig. 1)
prothorax, thorax, coxae, basalsegmentsofabdomen and B. nephelopennis (fig. 12). Anal appendages dis-
and dorsum ofthorax includingwingbase, pruinose. tinctive (figs. 7-8); 'Thestriped Bayadera.
Legs black, femora pruinose interiorly, the anterior
femorawithabaso-innerpaleyellowband, thisband
Bayaderanephelopennissp. n.
longer posteriorly, almost the whole length of the
posterior femora.Wingshyaline,afainttingeofred- (figs. 12-17).
dish-brown at base and extending as far as the distal Typematerial.-Holotypemale,allotypefemale, 8
end ofthe quadrilateral and along the costal area to June 1992, inizas;paratypes 1 maleand2females, 8
the nodus; Riii slightly proximal to the subnodus; June 1993, 4 males and 3 females, 8 June 1992, yb
pterostigma black, covering 5-7 cells; nodal index leg., alltaken atOmeishan, Sichuan.
forewing 16:20 I 20: 15,hindwing 16: 161 17: 15.
Abdomen black, segment 1 with large lateral spot Male. — Abdomen plus appendages 43.2 mm;
on each side; segments 2-3 with a lateral streak; seg- hindwing36.0mm.
ments3-7withasmallbluebaso-lateralspotoneach Head.-Labiumblack;labrum, basesofmandibles
side; segments 3-4 with a weakly metallic reflection and genae pale blue, and the colour extending up-
on dorsum; segments 2-10 with obscure mid-dorsal wardalongtheinnermarginoftheeyes to thetopof
line, obvious at each end on segments 2-6 and clear thehead; therestoftheheadmattblack; fronsslight-
to see on segments 7-8. Appendages black, the supe- ly projecting and beset with a tuft ofblack hairs on
riors forcipate, about the length ofsegment 9, twice eachside; eyesdarkbrown.
the length ofsegment 10, interiorly a robust spine Thorax. - Prothorax entirely black, the pleuron
nearbaseanddirectedmesadandventradbeyondthe and thegreaterpartofthe median lobelaterallypru-
internalmargin, theanteriormargincontinuingfrom inose. Pterothoraxblack, interpleuralandmetapleur-
the spine as an internal concave ridge running into al suture pruinose, greater part ofmetepimeron ob-
the dorsal ridge at its apex. Posterior and exterior to scurely brownish yellow. Beneath, prothorax,
the spine, a vertical tubercle continuing as a ridge pterothorax and coxae, as also dorsum and wingbase
which ends as aminutelyserrated anteriormargin of ofpterothorax pruinose. Legsblack,femorapruinose
the apex; the apex slightly dilated, flattened and internally.Wingswithaboutdistalonethirdhyaline,
somewhathollowedoutbeneath. Inferiorsfromlater- basaltwothirdscloudylightbrown;stigmadark,cov-
al view not reaching halfthe length ofthe superiors, ering 6-7 cells; Riii slightly proximal to subnodus;
subcylindrical, tapered, the pointed apices directed nodalindexforewing 17 : 19 I 20 : 17,hindwing 17:
slightly mesad and dorsad. Penile organ as shown in 191 16: 18.
figs. 9-10. Abdomen entirely black; segment 1 pruinose, 2
Female. - Abdomen plus appendages 38.4 mm; dorsally so and beset with silvery hairs laterally at
hindwing37-6mm. basaltwo-thirds;segment3withbasalrwo-thirdsand
Head almost the same as that of the male but 4 with only one-third metallic reflections dorsally.
brownish yellow. These coloured markings on the Analappendagesblack, thesuperiorsforcipate, about
prothoraxand thoraxalittlemoredeveloped than in the length ofsegment 9 and twice the length ofseg-
the male,withantehumeral and humeral stripes con- ment 10, interiorlynear base a robust spine directed
fluentbelow. Wings as in the male. Thesamecolour mesad and ventrad; beyond the internal margin, the
makes a fine mid-dorsal line on the abdomen from anterior margin continuing from the spine as an in-
segments3-8,moresubstantialthaninthemale,with ternalconcaveridgerunningintothedorsalridgebe-
alargerlateral spot on segment 1, lateral stripe on 2, fore the apex; slightly posterior and exterior to the
a basal spot and lateral stripe on 3-6, onlybasal spot spineisadorso-mesaltubercle,withitsapexflattened
on 7, alargelatero-apicalovalspoton segment9, 10 andsomewhathollowedoutbeneathbutnotdilated.
unmarked.Analappendagesconical,acutelypointed, Inferior appendage small, in lateral views reaching
slightlylongerthansegment 10. over halfthe length ofthe superiors, subcylindrical,
Differentialdiagnosis. -Pterothoraxwith 5 stripes tapered, the pointed apices directed slightly mesad
in the pattern of the style of Bayadera (and many anddorsad. Penileorgan asshown in Figs. 16-17.
Euphaeidae) formingellipses(fig.6);especiallydiffer- Female. - Abdomen plus appendages 37.8 mm;
ent from the patterns ofB. serrata (fig. 1) and ofB. hindwing38.0mm.
148
.
DaVIES&Yang:NewEuphaeidae
Head. - Almost the same as that of the male but mattblackbutshinyoverareaalongside theeyes.
thecolouris brownish-yellow. Thorax. — Prothorax brownish-black, the anterior
Thorax. - Prothorax black, marked with pale yel- lobe with a small bluish-yellow spot on each side,
lowasfollows: a tinyspoton each sideofandoneon middle lobewith a largewedge-shaped bluish-yellow
thecentreoftheposteriorlobe;alargelateralspotbe- spot on each side. Pterothorax brownish-black,
setwithsilveryhairson eachsideofthe median lobe; striped as shown in fig. 18 and pale coloured as fol-
a spot on each side ofthe anterior lobe. Pterothorax lows: twoolivaceousstripes, oneantehumeral diverg-
black,markedwithpaleyellowasfollows:afineante- ingaboveandtheotherdiagonallyacrossthehumer-
humeralstreakgraduallywideningbelowandtapered al suture, confluent below; three moderately broad
above, anterior border of this streak curving out- lateral stripes, one on each suture (interpleural and
wards; laterally one stripe on the interpleural suture, metapleural), the third over the metepimeron, the
taperedaboveandconfluentbelowwith theareacov- first and second confluent below, the second and
ering the lower part of the metapleural suture and third confluent above, a large pale yellow area be-
metepimeron; a broad bar beneath the thorax of neath the metathorax. Legs rather short, brownish-
which thehinderareaisbroadlyblack. Beneath, pro- black, coxae pale coloured and slightly pruinose, the
thorax, thorax, coxaeandbasalsegmentsofabdomen anterior aspect of the trochanters also pale. Wings
pruinose. Legs black, femora pruinose internally. very narrow, maximum width ofhindwing 5.8 mm,
Wingssimilarlypatternedto thatofthemale. hyaline but slightly enfumed, veins black, pterostig-
Abdomen.-Black,markedwithpaleyellowasfol- mareddish-brown,covering4-5cellsintheforewing,
lows:-alargelateralspotanddorsalspotonsegment 3-4 in the hindwing; nodal index forewing 20 : 17 1
1;afmemid-dorsallineon3-8butthaton8obscure, 17: 19, hindwing20: 16 1 15 : 17. Riiiarising2cells
a lateral streakon segment 2; a baso-lateral spot and distal tosubnodus inallwings; L\runningparallelto
lateralstripeon 3-6, thelateralstripeon 6 obscure, 7 the posterior wing margin; 4 and 3-5 cross veins in
withbaso-lateralspotonly;alargemid-lateralspoton thecubitalspaceoffore- andhindwingsrespectively.
each side ofsegment 9, segment 10 unmarked. Anal Abdomen.—Longandslender, ratioofhead+ tho-
appendages black, conical, acutelypointed, twice the rax to abdomen 9:47; only very slightly inflated at
lengthofsegment 10. segments 1-2 and 8-10; brownish-black, but paler
Differential diagnosis. — Unique in Bayadera in thanheadandthorax;segments3-6withmiddlepart
having most of the wing opaque, light brown in brown,segment 1 withalargepalespotoneachside;
males,slightlydarkerinfemales,butthewing-tiparea segments2-3eachwithalateralpalestripeandavery
hyaline in both sexes. An unusual and characteristic fine mid-dorsal pale line along segments 2-6, three
pterothoracic pattern with no humeral stripe but terminalsegmentsslightlypruinose.Analappendages
metepimeron wholly yellow (fig. 12). Anal ap- black, the superiors about the length ofsegment 9
pendagesdistinctandcharacteristic (figs. 13-15). and twice the length ofsegment 10, with distal half
Etymology. - Greek, nephelos = a cloud; Latin, strongly bent inwards and downwards; superiors in
penne=awing;adjectivaldescriptionofthemostob- dorsal view with solid straight base and rather deep
vious features, 'thecloudy-winged Bayadera' depressiononinnersidecausingasharpridgedorsal-
lywithasmallinwardlydirectedtubercle;distalquar-
terdorso-ventrallycompressedwithapicesslightlydi-
Schmidtiphaeayunnanensissp. n. lated and flattened; ventral side somewhat hollow as
(figs. 18-23)
continuation ofa hollow underside starting at base;
Type material. - Holotype 1 male, allotype 1 fe- inferiors very short, in ventral view triangular, acute
male, 26May 1993; paratypes, 1 maleand3 females, above. Penisasshowninfigs. 22-23.
26 May 1993, all fromJiangcheng Co., Yunnan, yb Female. - Abdomen plus appendages 34.8 mm,
leg. (in iZAs). hindwing32.5 mm.
Head almost the same as that ofthe male but the
Male. -Abdomen plus appendages 47 mm; hind- colour markedly bluish-yellow; labrum, mandibles
wing 33 mm; body very slender and fragile when and genae bluish-yellow, this colour extending up-
comparedwithitsrelativelyrobustcongenerS.schmi- wards past the eyes and antennae. Thorax marked
diAsahinaandcoloured brownish-black. withyellowasinthemalebutthepatternmuchmore
Head.—Relativelylargeandwide; labiumpaleyel- distinct,wingssimilarto thoseofthemale, 3-6cross-
low with the median lobe and tips of lateral lobes veinsinthecubitalspace; Riiiarising2-3cellsbeyond
darkbrown; mandiblesdarkbrown (probablybluish- thesubnodus, nodal indexforewing 18: 14! 13: 17,
brown when renerai); anteclypeus dark brown, post- hindwing 18 : 12 I 13 : 18. The abdomen more dis-
clypeus protruding and finely, transverselywrinkled, tinctly marked with bluish-yellow, lateral stripes and
brownish-black; fronsshiningwithbluelustre;vertex the fine mid-dorsal linevisible through the length of
149
TijdschriftvoorEntomologie,volume139.1996
Figs. 18-23. Schmidtiphaeayunnanensiss'ç. n. -female: 18, markingsofiiead, thoraxandbasal abdominalsegments; male:
19-21,analappendages;22-23,penileorgan.
Figs.24-25.SchmidtiphaeaschmidiAsûiina^.Undescribedfemale.-24,markingsofhead;25,prothorax-thorax,lateralaspect.
SchmidtiphaeaschmidiAsshinn
segments2-7; ventro-lateral marginsofsegments 3-7
pale brown; segments 8-10 unmarked. Anal ap- (figs. 24-25)
pendagesslightlylongerthansegment 10,conicaland Materialexamined.-Uniquespecimenoffemale, Doi
NW
acutelypointed. Suthep, Thailand,24June 1990,daldleg.Typelo-
Differential diagnosis. - Our specimens fit well in calityinBurmabutredescriptionofthemale (fromthe
the hitherto monotypic genus SchmidtiphaeaAsahina sameThailocalityasourfemale) byAsahina(1987).
1978.Thisnewspeciesismuchsmallerandmoredel-
icate than its congener (and genotype) 5. schmidi Female.—Descriptionofthefemale:abdomenplus
Asahina but with a similar ratio of abdomen to appendages38.8 mm,hindwing35.6mm.
wingspan (1.4 to 1.5) while Bayaderaarein therange Head. - Relatively large and wide; labium pale
of1.1 to 1.2,exceptB. vietnamensis(seebelow).Restof bluish-yellowwithtipsblack; labrum, mandiblesand
fronsshinyblack,noteyellowstripehereinS.schmidi. genaebrownish-yellow,thiscolourextendingupward
Pterostigmasubtending3(half) to4(half) cells. along the inner margins of the eyes; clypeus shiny
Etymology.-Latin, ensis = adjectivalsuffixmean- black, anteclypeus very narrow and postclypeus pro-
ing'from'; thus 'the SchmidtiphaeafromYunnan'. truding; frons glossyblack, its crest traversedyellow;
vertexmattblack, butareaunderantennaeandalong
150
Davies&Yang: NewEuphaeidae
eyes shiny; antenna black except brownish on anteri- ofthe superiorappendages in the male. This species,
orsideoffirstandsecondsegments; asmallpalespot the type species of the genus, seems also to be the
against each lateral ocellus outside; occiput matt mostwidespread andwould not have been predicted
black, its rearwith a yellow 'dumbell' shaped spot at tooccurasfareastasChina.
centre.
Thorax.-Prothoraxblack, markedwithbrownish-
yellowasfollow:-asmallspotoneachsideofanteri- OtherChinese Bayaderaspecies relevantto this
paper
or lobe; a large wedge-shaped mark on each side of
median lobe and most ofposterior lobe. Pterothoax Thereisadegreeofconfusionwithinthegenusdue
marked with bluish yellow as follows: antehumeral to theinadequatediagrams, especiallyoftheterminal
stripe divergingaboveand graduallydilatingposteri- appendages, as provided by early authors, when the
orlybelowwithanteriorindorsalviewalmostparallel need for fine detail had not become apparent. B.
with carina, a similar stripe diagonally across the bidetitatauna B. melanoptoyx2lk treated in thiscon-
humeral (mesopleural) suture, diverging above and textfordiscussion below.
curving forward to touch the antehumeral stripe be-
low; lateral three broad stripes, one on each suture
BayaderabidentataNeedham, 1930
(interpleural and metapleural), the third over the
metepimeron; the first and second confluent below, (figs. 29-30)
thesecondandthirdconfluentabove; beneathtergite Material examined. -The type was kindly loaned
paleyellow. Wings narrow, thegreatestwidth ofhw. tousfromCornellUniversityandfromthisthedraw-
6.0 mm; wings hyaline, veins black, stigma dark ingsoftheappendagesasnowdepictedweremade,to
brownandsituatedapically,covering5cells; Riiiaris- provide detail beyond thatofNeednam (1930); sub-
ing 3-4 cells beyond subnodus; nodal index forwing sequentlyamalespecimenwas studied, found as fol-
24 : 20 I 18 : 24,hindwing 18 : 16 I 17 : 20;4-5 cross lows: 1 male, HefengCo. (29.8°N, 110°E), Hubei, at
veins in cubital space; lArunningparallel to thepos- altitude855 m, 28July 1989, ZhongNinleg..
teriormargin ofthewing. Legs brownish-black, cox-
ae, trochantersandothersidesoffemorapaleyellow-
BayaderamelanopteryxRis, 1912
ish.
Abdomen. - Dark brown, marked with pale (figs. 31-32)
brownish-yellow as follows: sides ofsegment 1 and Material examined. - 1 male, 26 July 1989, Xiao
apical ring; lateral stripe and a fine mid-dorsal line N.-1. leg.;2males,26July 1989, DongD.-z. leg.; 1
throughthewholelengthofsegments2-7,ventro-lat- male, 28 July 1989, Li Y. -k. leg.; 1 female, 27July
eral margins of segments 3-7; segments 8-10 un- 1989, LianX.-c. leg.;allfrom HefengCo.,Hubei, at
marked. Anal appendages slightly longer than seg- 870 maltitude.
ment 10, conical andacutelypointed.
speDciifefs,eraepntpiraolx.di1acgnmosgirse.at-erAinlroebnugstth,anstdrosnpga-nfltyhianng Aguidetothegenus Bayadera
S.yunnanensis. Crestoffronshavingahorizontalyel- Manyearlyauthorsreliedonminutelydetailedde-
low stripe. Pterostigma subtending 5-5V2 cells. scriptions (intheirrespectivelanguages) oftheirnew-
Pterothoracic pattern in same style as 5.yunnanensis lyfoundspeciesandoftenprovidedno figuresorbad
but antehumeral stripe narrowerthan humeral stripe ones. The artistic authors / photographers are giving
(thereversein S.yunnanensis) andtheyellowareabe- us much less trouble now. Weapologise fornotpro-
tweentheeyesmuchgreaterthaninthelatterspecies. viding our figures by scanning electron microscope
photographs.
BayaderaspeciesnewtoChina In the table 1 we list the species ofBayadera, with
authors, type depository, approximate known geo-
Bayaderaindica[Seiys, 1853) graphical area (Type locality in the case of unique
(figs. 26-28) specimens) andareferencetowhat,inouropinion,is
a good (the best?) figure of the male terminal ap-
Material examined. - 1 male, 27 July 1991, pendages. The species list is from Davies & Tobin
JiangchengCo., Yunnan,ybleg.. (1984),withtheadditionofthethreenewspeciesde-
scribed here and one recently described from
The present specimen, one ofseveral seen but the Vietnam byvan Tol & Rozendaal (1995). There are
only one caught, agrees with the description by now 13 species plus two subspecies ofÄ brevicauda.
Fraser(1934) andcaneasilyberecognizedbytheapi- For B. bidentataa drawing is provided, newly made
cal darkpatch on allwings andstronglydilated apex from the holotype. Therewas confusion over B. bre-
151
TijdschriftvoorEntomologie,volume139.i996
Figs. 26-28. Bayadera indi-
ca Selys. Anal appendages
of male specimen. Jiang-
chengCo.,Yunnan.
Figs. 29-30. Bayadera hi-
dentataNeedham.Analap-
pendagesofmaleholotype.
Figs.31-32. Bayaderamela-
nopteryx Ris. Anal ap-
pendages of male. Hefeng
Co., Hubei.
32
wV^W^becauseRis(1912) figuredthisspecies,unde- identifyingamaleofthisspecies,whenfound,maybe
scribedatthetime, under B. hyalinaSelys. Theerror difficult. Ris's (1912) B. melanopteryx bas been re-
was recognised by Fraser, who provided the new drawnfromnewspecimensforthispaper. B. melania
name B. brevicaudaFraser,1928. No type specimens Navas, 1934 is assumed to be B. melanopteryx (see
have been designated. It was, perhaps, unfortunate Asahina 1956). CaliphaeanitensNayzs 1934wassyn-
thatSjöstedt (1932) choseto namehisspecies B.fas- onymised with B. melanopteryx by Chao 1962, but
ciataatallfi-omasinglefemaleandwithpoorfigures; thisislikelytobeduetoaprintingerrorinthenum-
itisfrequentlyfoundamongdragonfliesinmanyoth- beringofsomeofthefiguresinChao'spaperandthe
er taxa that females are often marked, e.g. banded intention was to synonymise Caliphaea nitens with
(latin, fasciata= banded) when themales arehyaline; Caliphaea consimilis McLachlan. We are grateful to
152
.
Davies&Yang: NewEuphaeidae
Dr Matei Hämälainen for pointing out this interest- cle indica
inganomaly to us. 7. (4) Superiorappendageofmaleshortandsimple,
withoutspine internally 8
Summary key - Superior appendage of male two or three
times thelength oflastsegment andwith one
1 Head with yellow face (at least anterior to ventral spine or an additional tubercle inter-
Irons) or twobroad transverseyellowbands nally 9
2 8. (7) Body-sizeverysmallwith hind-wingonly23-
— Head with labrum, bases of mandibles and 25 mm;twometathoracicstripesformingaV-
genaemarkedwithyelloworblue 4 shapedmarking .... brevicaudaishigakiana
2. (1) Headinfrontobviouslywithtwobroadtrans- - Bodysizelargerwith hindwingmorethan 28
verse streaks against eyes, one over frons and mm; two metathoracic stripes forming a V-
the other across vetex behind lateral ocelli; shaped marking brevicaudabrevicauda
thoraxwithan antehumeral stripe, astripeon — Bodysizelargerwithhindwingmorethan28
interpleural suture and a large spot on mm; metepisternal marking interrupted, the
metepimeron (onlyfemaleknown) .fasciata upper connected with marking on
- Headin frontwithlabrum, baseofmandible, metepimeron brevicaudacontinentalis
genae and episome, or even frons, marked 9. (7) Superior appendages of male with only one
with yellow, thorax with an additional stripe ventralspineoronlyonetriangulartubercle
diagonally across the humeral suture, mark- 10
ings on interpleural suture small or absent — Superior appendage ofmale with one ventral
(onlymalesknown) 3 spineandonetubercle 11
3. (2) Thorax with a U-shaped yellow marking on 10(9) Superior app. ofmale with only one ventral
each side in front, andlaterallywith awedge- spine,wingwithonlyonecrossveinincubital
shaped blue spot on the metepisternum, a space hyalina
large yellow spot on the metepimeron; seg- - Superior app. ofmale with only a sharp in-
ments 3-6 ofabdomen with lateral streak in wardly directed triangular tubercle at distal
addition to baso-lateral spot. 7-8 withabaso- quarter; wing with 4-6 cross veins in the cu-
lateralspotonly;superiorallendageswithonly bitalspace vietnamensis
onespine serratasp. n. 11(9) Malewithventralspineofsuperiorapp.vesti-
— The twoyellowstripes on each side ofthorax gial, butmedian tuberclerobust
in front, not confluent below, latetally with longicauda
onlyalargeyellowspotonmetepimeron;abd. - Ventral spine robust, tubercle vestigial or
with lateral streak on segment 2-4; spot only small 12
on 5-6; superiorapp.withventralspineanda 12(11) Body size small with hind wing 26.5 mm;
median tubercle forcipata thorax black, apex of superior app. dilated
4. (1) Wingscloudybasicallyorapically 5 (onlymaleknown) kali
- Wingsclear 7 — Hindwing 32-35 mm; malewith apex ofsu-
5. (4) Wings with basal rwo-thirds brown; male periorapp. notdilated 13
with thoraxblack; mesothoraxoffemalewith 13(12)Thoraxandabdomen ofmaleblack; metatho-
antehumeral stripe only, metathorax with rax of female marked with yellow stripe on
marking in interpleural suture and 2ndand3rdsuture bidentata
metepimeronconnectedbelow — Thorax and abdomen of male marked with
nephelopennissp. n. yellow; metathoraxoffemalewith threeirreg-
- Wingswithapicesdarkbrown;malewiththo- ularyellow stripes, the former two connected
raxmarkedwithyellow; mesothoraxoffemale belowand thelattertwoconnectedabove . .
with antehumeral and humeral stripes, strigatasp. n.
metathoraxwith two orthreestripes notcon-
nectedbelow 6
Discussion
6. (5) Wings with about apical one-third dark
brown; apex ofsuperior appendages ofmale Bayaderaand Schmidtiphaeaare two small, poorly
notdilated,withaventralspineandnomedi- known genera and not often encountered. They be-
an tubercle rnelanopteiyx longtoa'group'ofadozenormoresmall,zygopterid
— Wings with apices blackish-brown only to generawith similaroroverlapping ranges from India
middeofstigma;apexofsuperiorapp.dilated, to the SEAsiaoffshore islands. Thesegeneraare for-
withalongventralspineandamedian tuber- est stream dwellers (e.g. Bayadera, Schmidtiphaea,
153
TijdschriftvoorEntomologie,volume139,1996
Anisopleura, Megalestes, Rhipidolestes, Philosina, iera above while the former species has simple
Archineura, Caliphaea, Devadatta, Philoganga, plus straightstripeswhich are a featureofthe majorityof
others among the Argiolestinae). Most species of bothAnisopteraandZygoptera.Almostalltheeleven
Bayadera are in China, but Burma and Indochina generaofEuphaeidae show the themepattern; when
maybetheircentre. Unfortunatelythisareahasbeen thethorax is all black, the themepattern can beseen
closed to us since the time ofthe prewar explorers; in the females as, for example in the common
Assamissplitintounfriendlyfactions; Burmaisdan- Dysphaea dimidiata. It is food for thought that the
gerous; Bhutan is dubious; Cambodiais in strifeand pattern also occurs in the Polythoridae in the New
Vietnam only just emerging from terrible disasters. World; at least some Polythorid genera occupy eco-
For lack ofpeaceful access this particularly rich area logical niches similar to those chosen by some
has not benefited from the recent advances of air- Euphaeidae.
travel and four-wheel-drivevehicles which have pro- Larvae ofEuphaeidae have lateral abdominal gills
vided a 'filling in' phase for species in manyparts of (all,sofarastheyhavebeenstudied) anditwillbein-
theworldaswewouldwish forconservationpurpos- teresting to discover why this primitive feature has
es. been retained, in terms oflarval life-style. There is a
TherecentlydescribedspeciesBayaderavietnamen- likely report for Bayadera, a 'supposition' specimen
sis van Tol & Rozendaal 1995, has the facies of a (Needham, 1911) oiBayaderaindica,withlateralab-
Schmidtiphaeawiththeircharacteristiclengthtospan dominalgillsbutmorerecentlyadescriptionofalar-
ratio, but has several cubital cross veins, perhaps an va ofthe same species by Kumar (1973). Schmidti-
intermediate position, as the authors commented phaea larvae have not yet been found. Does this
upon. Annectant species and higher taxa must, of characterprovideforbetteraccessto thealreadyhigh
course, occur; onlywith thefailureofaspecies in the oxygen tension in streams and waterfalls? In many
struggleforsurvival dogenerabecomedistinct. waterfall dwellers the terminalappendages havebeen
The distribution of large, highly successful and adapted for use as anchorage devices, e.g. in many
widespreadgenerasuchas ErythrodiplaxandArgiain Argiolestinae.Andwhyarethelovely, lakelovers liv-
the New World and Orthetrum and Pseudagrion in ingso 'happily'atsuchlowoxygen tension?
the Old World poses the question as to what their Bayaderagenerally favours small rivers, sometimes
successisdue.Equallyinterestingisthequestionasto filledwithbouldersandwithalmostnegligibleaquat-
whether the small genera already mentioned with ic vegetation, but also smaller streams. By contrast,
limited distribution are budding competitors for the related Anisopleura favours steep seepages and
dominance in a future world or, more likely, rem- streamlets. Schmidtiphaeawillflyinsunshinebutalso
nants of diminishing groups. Losing or gaining 'happily' in rain andaboutshadyoverhangsbyforest
ground is where man has grossly interfered and the waterfalls (wherethe unique femaleof5. schmidide-
many small genera might have given us a different scribedhereturnedupinsteadyrainaftera3-dayvig-
impression when the whole enormous area ofsouth il at the spotwhere a few males had previously been
andsouth-eastAsiawasforested.Wehavedonethem seen).
a great dis-service but provided for the former 'suc-
cessful'grouphugepaddy-field,gravelpits,fish-farms Acknowledgements
and reservoirs. Or are the small genera each using a
different, unique little niche that none ofthe others WewishtothanktheDirectorsoftheKunmingInstitute
canThuesre?e is a characteristic and widespread pterotho- WothfeeZaoauortlehoogaryls,sotAogcrtaradatveeefmluiliantSSoinWtihceCa,hMifanornaafiagnceiplmiuterinsesutamnaactdeetohfaevtahDiielspawbtlo.erkot.of
racic pattern in Euphaeidae where more or less biel- Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca,
lipticaldarkareasareformedbetweentheantehumer- NewYork,fortheloanoftheType(C.U.TypeNo.959)of
al and humeral stripes, also between the two laterial BayaderabidentataNeedham.
thoracicstripeswhenpresentandagainbetweenthese
twopairsofstripes.Thereismuchvariation between References
species in the extent to which these are 'closed' or
'open'attheirdorsalandventralmeetingpoints.This Asahina, S., 1956. Dragonflies from west Tien-Mu-shan,
patternisafeatureofallthespeciesmentionedinthis c(eCnotpraelnhagCehni)na2.7(4--5):20E4n-t2o2m8o.logiske Meddelelser
paperexcept, curiously, B. serrataand B. nephelopen- Asahina, S., 1964. Newandlittle known dragonflies from
nis.Thesefeaturesareusefulasspeciescharactersand theRyukyus(Odonata).-Kontyû32 (l-8):l-8.
are presumablyrecognition patterns; theyare not in- Asahina, S., 1973. Notes on chinese Odonata IV. D.C.
dicatorsofrelationshipshowever,asseenintheclose- Graham collection from Szechuan and T.H.Cheng col-
pllyatsyismtiyllaarwhsepreceietsheAlnaittseorphlaesurtahelpeasttotiedresndaensdcriAb.edsufbor- Asalheicndao,nSf.,ro1m97F8u.kieAn.r-emKaornkatbylûe41ne(w4):da4m4s6e-l4f6l0y.allied to
154
