Table Of ContentNEW PUBLIC MANAGERS IN EUROPE
Also by David Farnham and Sylvia Horton
Managing People in the Public Services
Managing the New Public Services (editors)
New Public Managers
in Europe
Public Servants in Transition
Edited by
David Farnham
Sylvia Horton
John Barlow
and
Annie Hondeghem
palgrave
macmillan
© David Farnham, Syvia Horton, john Barlow and Annie Handeghem 1996
* Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1996 978-0-333-65082-0
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ISBN 978-1-349-13949-1 ISBN 978-1-349-13947-7 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-13947-7
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Contents
List of Figures and Tables vi
Notes on the Contributors viii
Preface xu
PART I BACKGROUND
1 Comparing Public Managers
John Barlow, David Farnham, Sylvia Horton and F.F. Ridley 3
2 Public Managers and Private Managers: Towards a
Professional Synthesis?
David Farnham and Sylvia Horton 26
3 The Competencies of New Public Managers
Turo Virtanen 53
PART II NATIONAL STUDIES
4 Belgium
Roger Depre and Annie Hondeghem 79
5 Britain
John Barlow, David Farnham and Sylvia Horton 100
6 Finland
Manzoor Alam and Markku Kiviniemi 125
7 France
Luc Rouban 151
8 Germany
Manfred Rober 169
9 Ireland
Mary Coolahan and Sean Dooney 194
10 Italy
Carlo D'Orta and Valerio Talamo 215
11 The Netherlands
G. Oosterhuis and T. P. W. van der Krogt 240
12 Spain
Salvador Parrado 257
PART III CONCLUSION AND ASSESSMENT
13 Public Servants in Transition?
Roger Depre, Annie Hondeghem and Jean-Luc Bodiguel 281
Index 297
v
List of Figures and Tables
Figures
2.1 The organizational contingencies of private and public
managers 29
6.1 Age distribution of new public managers in Finland
compared with total personnel in central government,
1993 133
6.2 Distribution of earnings of new public managers in
Finland in the top three management levels, 1993 138
10.1 Activities of a general manager: relationship with
political body, Italy 232
11.1 The distribution of male and female civil servants by
rank in the Netherlands 248
12.1 Organization of the public sector in Spain, 1938-95 260
12.2 Corps and post system in Spain, 1984-95 264
Tables
1.1 Socio-economic indicators identifying public managers 21
2.1 Main stakeholders in public and private organizations 31
3.1 Doctrinal components of new public management 55
3.2 The competence areas of public managers 61
3.3 Doctrinal transition in the determinants of the
competencies of public managers 71
4.1 Public sector employment in Belgium, 1994 81
4.2 Responsibility and accountability of the six public
organizations under investigation (Belgium) 91
4.3 Party composition of the executive board and board of
directors of Belgacom 94
6.1 Public expenditure as a percentage of Finnish GDP,
1970-94 127
6.2 The number of agencies and bodies at central government
level in Finland, classified by budget technique,
1989-93 131
6.3 Age, sex and educational background of three levels
of new public managers in Finland, 1993 132
7.1 PMs by category of service (France) 154
vi
List of Figures and Tables vii
7.2 PMs by category of function (France) 155
7.3 Distribution of PMs by sector (France) 156
7.4 Social origins of PMs (France) 156
7.5 The recruitment of PMs (France) 157
7.6 PMs by gender (France) 158
7.7 PMs by professional school (France) 158
7.8 PMs and their perspectives of career (France) 163
7.9 PMs and factors of professional success (France) 163
7.10 PMs and the nature of their function (France) 164
7.11 PMs and the politicization of the public service
(France) 164
7.12 PMs and their professional experience (France) 165
7.13 PMs' political commitment (France) 166
7.14 The political proximity of PMs (France) 166
8.1 Differences between civil servants (Beamte) and
public employees (Angestellte) in Germany 171
9.1 Public sector employment in Ireland. 1995 194
9.2 Trends in exchequer pay and pensions as a percentage
of GNP in Ireland. 1987-95 195
9.3 Civil service managers in Ireland. 1995 201
9.4 Local authority managers in Ireland. 1995 202
10.1 Number of managers by gender and managerial
ranking in Italy, 1992 220
10.2 Geographic origin of participants in courses run by
the Advanced School of Public Administration in
Italy. 1991 221
10.3 Personnel on loan and provisional in Italy. 1993 223
10.4 Annual pre-tax compensation of personnel in lira in
Italy. 1994 225
11.1 The civil service in the Netherlands. 1993 242
11.2 Public managers in some departments of central
government in the Netherlands. 1993 246
12.1 Employment in the public sector in Spain. 1994 263
13.1 Degrees of transition to NPM 286
Notes on the Contributors
Manzoor Alam is currently working as a management consultant in the
Delta Business International, Helsinki, Finland. His publications include
Civil Service Training and Development and Public Management in
Europe: The Questfor Efficiency and Effectiveness.
John Barlow is Co-ordinator for Government and Politics in the
Department of Politics and European Studies, University of Central
Lancashire, United Kingdom. His research interests are public policy and
public-sector management. He has published in the areas of central-local
government relations, local authority finance and the politics of 'hung'
councils. He is currently working on a project on the impact of
competition on local government and on developments in local govern
ment in Germany and Eastern Europe.
Jean-Luc Bodiguel is Director of Research at the Centre de Recherches
Administratives de La Fondation Nationale des Sciences Politiques, Paris,
France. He has researched widely on the French public service and has
some 130 publications. These include Les magistrats, un corps sans ame?
Lafonctionnaire detrone? (with Luc Rouban) and Lesfonctions publiques
dans l'Europe des Douze.
Mary Coolahan is Registrar of the Institute of Public Administration,
Dublin, Ireland. She was a serving civil servant before entering higher
education.
Roger Depre is Professor of Public Management at the Public
Management Centre of the Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium. He
specializes in local government and personnel policy and trains civil
servants. His publications include Motivation of Civil Servants (with
Annie Hondeghem).
Sean Dooney is a Senior Lecturer in Government at the Institute of Public
Administration, Dublin, Ireland. He was formerly an assistant secretary in
the Irish Civil Service. He writes extensively on public service issues and
his publications include The Irish Civil Service, Irish Agriculture and Irish
Government Today (joint author).
Vlll
Notes on the Contributors
IX
Carlo D'Orta is the Secretary of the Justice Affairs Commission of the
Italian Chamber of Deputies. In 1992-93 he was consultant to the Italian
Government on the reform of public employment. He also teaches admin
istrative law at the University of Rome, Italy. His publications include Il
Pubblico Impiego (Public Employment), La Dirigenza Militare (The
Military Management Corps) (with S. Cassese), La Riforma della
Dirigenza Pubblica (The Reform of Public Management Corps) (with
C. Meoli) and La Riforma del Pubblico Impiego (The Reform of Public
Employment) (with G. Cecoza).
David Farnham is Professor of Employment Relations at the University of
Portsmouth, United Kingdom. He has published widely in the areas of
industrial relations and personnel management, with a special interest in
higher education. His latest books include Understanding Industrial
Relations (with John Pimlott), Employee Relations, The Corporate
Environment, Managing the New Public Services (co-edited with Sylvia
Horton) and Managing People in the Public Services (with Sylvia Horton).
Annie Hondeghem is Senior Researcher at the Public Management
Centre of the Catholic University of Leuven and Professor in Public
Administration in the Faculty of Political and Social Science at the
Catholic University of Brussels, Belgium. She trains civil servants and her
research interests are in personnel policy, public-service ethics and
motivation. Her publications include The Careers of Civil Servants and
The Public Manager: New Developments in Public Management (with
G. Bouckaert and R. Maes).
Sylvia Horton is Principal Lecturer in Public Sector Studies at the
University of Portsmouth, United Kingdom. Her research interests include
the civil service and people management in public organizations. Her
recent books include Managing the New Public Services (co-edited with
David Farnham) and Managing People in the Public Services (with David
Farnham).
Gerd Oosterhuis is Associate Professor in Sociology and Human
Resources Management at the Royal Netherlands Naval Academy in Den
Helder. His current research interests are focused on Human Resources
Management in the Royal Netherlands Navy.
Manfred Rober is Professor of Public Administration at the
Fachhochschule fuer Verwaltung und Rechtspjiege and Lecturer at the
