New Perspectives in Magnesium Research: Nutrition and Health

404 Pages·2007·3.538 MB·English

by  Jean Durlach MD, PhD (auth.), Yoshiki Nishizawa MD, PhD, Hirotoshi Morii MD, PhD, Jean Durlach MD, PhD (eds.)

New Perspectives in Magnesium Research
Yoshiki Nishizawa, Hirotoshi Morii, and
Jean Durlach, Eds.
New Perspectives in
Magnesium Research
Nutrition and Health
Yoshiki Nishizawa, MD, PhD Hirotoshi Morii, MD, PhD
Dean of Medicine Emeritus Professor
Professor of Internal Medicine Osaka City University
Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology Osaka, Japan
and Molecular Medicine
Osaka City University Graduate School of
Medicine
Osaka, Japan
Jean Durlach, MD, PhD
President of the International Society for the
Development of Research on Magnesium
(SDRM)
Université Pierre et Marie Curie
Paris, France
and
Editor-in-Chief Magnesium Research journal
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
International Magnesium Symposium (11th : 2006 : Osaka, Japan)
New perspectives in magnesium research : nutrition and research
1. Magnesium – Physiological effect – Congresses 2. Minerals in human nutrition –
Congresses 3. Metabolism – Disorders – Congresses
I. Title II. Nishizawa, Yoshiki, 1945– III. Morii, H.
(Hirotoshi) IV. Durlach, Jean
612.3′924
ISBN-13: 9781846283888
ISBN-10: 1846283884
Library of Congress Control Number: 2006925869
ISBN-10: 1-84628-388-4 Printed on acid-free paper
ISBN-13: 978-1-84628-388-8
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Preface
Magnesium: New Vistas
Eighteen years after the 5th International Magnesium Symposium was held in
Kyoto in 1988, the Japanese Society for Magnesium Research (JSMR) is orga-
nizing the 11th International Magnesium Symposium in ISE-Osaka. The vital-
ity of the Japanese Society has been evidenced by the regular publication of
its journal (Journal of the Japanese Society of Magnesium Research), which
ensures regular updating of current Japanese research on magnesium, and by
its participation in the activities of the international Society for the Develop-
ment of Research on Magnesium (SDRM).
Thanks to the effi cient management of Yoshiki Nishizawa, Hirotoshi Morii,
and Masaaki Inaba, the publication of this book of proceedings provides new
vistas on magnesium research in 2006. It comprises reports presented during
the plenary sessions concerning the role of magnesium not only in physiology,
chronobiology, nutrition, epidemiology, and internal medicine particularly,
cardiology, neurology, rheumatology, gynecology, and nephrology, but also in
stomatology, pharmacognosy, and veterinary medicine.
Unlike many books that promise more than their texts deliver, the multi-
plicity and interest of the discussed topics can but stimulate careful reading
of this book, which gives a platform to authors originating from many parts
of the world. Published 35 years after the 1st International Magnesium Sym-
posium, it demonstrates that magnesium research stands the test of time and
that a wide path remains open for further investigation.
Such as it is, this book provides a valuable tool for interdisciplinary research
in the future.
Jean Durlach
September 2006
Preface
New Perspectives in Magnesium Research is published as a document of the
11th International Magnesium Symposium, a joint meeting of Japanese Society
for Magnesium Research. Professor Jean Durlach has been President of Inter-
national Society for Magnesium Research since it was established in 1970.
There are international meetings every 2 to 3 years in many parts of the world.
The last meeting hosted by the Japanese Society for Magnesium Research was
in Kyoto in 1988, when the Society President was Professor Yoshinori Itokawa.
Magnesium is the most abundant cation, second only to potassium in the
intracellular compartment and to calcium in bone tissues. One of the big dif-
ferences between calcium and magnesium is the difference between intra- and
extracellular levels. Extra- and intracellular ratio is 10,000 for calcium, but
0.33 for magnesium. Such facts have signifi cance for maintenance of life.
Intracellular space rich in magnesium is just like seawater, adequate for the
origin of life and maintenance of life in sea animals and plants. Bone magne-
sium constitutes a part of hydroxyapatite and may be important in maintain-
ing bone integrity.
In physiological situations, magnesium is involved in metabolism of fat,
amino acids, and sugar. Magnesium plays an important role in PPAR (peroxi-
some proliferators-activated receptor)–mediated signaling pathways as a key
cofactor in the protein phosphorylation.
In bone and calcium metabolism, magnesium seems to play roles as a con-
stituent of bone. Experimentally, magnesium defi ciency induces osteoporosis
but there have not been defi nite evidences of correlation between osteoporosis
and magnesium. In calcium- and magnesium-defi cient animals, calcium
restores the bone quality but magnesium only partially. Another aspect of role
of magnesium is the regulation of calcium metabolism through calcium-
sensing receptor, which requires magnesium for its action. Another point is
how magnesium participates in vitamin D action. Vitamin D is another impor-
tant factor, other than calcium-sensing receptor, that requires magnesium in
its action. The correlation between calcium-sensing receptor and vitamin D
receptor has been discussed. Thus, magnesium plays some roles in the regula-
tion of calcium and bone metabolism.
viii Preface
Clinically, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, hypertension, cardiovascular
diseases, and hyperlipidemia are in some other ways infl uenced by
magnesium. More evidence is needed to have a defi nite conclusion how to
manage clinical problems, problems of public health, and individual
nutrition.
Hirotoshi Morii
September 2006
Contents

Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
Jean Durlach
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
Hirotoshi Morii
List of Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii
OVERVIEW
1 Overview of Magnesium Research: History and Current
Trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Jean Durlach
2 Magnesium and Calcium in Drinking Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Hirotoshi Morii, Ken-ichi Matsumoto, Ginji Endo,
Mieko Kimura, and Yoshitomo Takaishi
MAGNESIUM HOMEOSTASIS
3 Cellular Mg2+ Transport and Homeostasis: An
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Martin Kolisek, Rudolf J. Schweyen, and Monika Schweigel
4 T RPM6 and TRPM7 Chanzymes Essential for Magnesium
Homeostasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Wouter M. Tiel Groenestege, Joost G.J. Hoenderop, and
René J.M. Bindels
5 CorA-Mrs2-Alr1 Superfamily of Mg2+ Channel Proteins . . . . . . . . 46
Rudolf J. Schweyen and Elisabeth M. Froschauer
6 Practical Interest of Circulating Total and Ionized Magnesium
Concentration Evaluation in Experimental and Clinical
Magnesium Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
N icole Pagès, Pierre Bac, Pierre Maurois, Andrée Guiet-Bara,
Michel Bara, and Jean Durlach
x Contents
NUTRITION
7 Overview of Magnesium Nutrition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Mieko Kimura
8 Magnesium Requirement and Affecting Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Mamoru Nishimuta, Naoko Kodama, Eiko Morikuni, Nobue
Matsuzaki, Yayoi H. Yoshioka, Hideaki Yamada,
Hideaki Kitajima, and Hidemaro Takeyama
9 Experimental Data on Chronic Magnesium Defi ciency . . . . . . . . . 104
Pilar Aranda, Elena Planells, C. Sánchez, Bartolomé Quintero,
and Juan Llopis
10 Clinical forms of Magnesium Depletion by Photosensitization
and Treatment with Scototherapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Jean Durlach
11 New Data on Pharmacological Properties and Indications of
Magnesium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Pedro Serrano, Maríasol Soria, and Jesús F. Escanero
EPIDEMIOLOGY
12 Magnesium Intake and the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes . . . . . . . 143
Fernando Guerrero-Romero and Martha Rodríguez-Morán
13 Magnesium Intake and Hepatic Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Andrzej Tukiendorf
EXERCISE
14 Exercise and Magnesium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Maria José Laires and Cristina Monteiro
METABOLIC SYNDROME
15 Review of Magnesium and Metabolic Syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Yasuro Kumeda and Masaaki Inaba
16 Diabetes Mellitus and Magnesium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Masanori Emoto and Yoshiki Nishizawa
17 Magnesium Metabolism in Insulin Resistance, Metabolic
Syndrome, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Mario Barbagallo, Ligia J. Dominguez, Virna Brucato,
Antonio Galioto, Antonella Pineo, Anna Ferlisi,
Ernesto Tranchina, Mario Belvedere, Ernesto Putignano,
and Giuseppe Costanza
Contents xi
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
18 Cardiovascular Disease and Magnesium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
Naoyuki Hasebe and Kenjiro Kikuchi
19 M agnesium: Forgotten Mineral in Cardiovascular Biology and
Atherogenesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
Burton M. Altura and Bella T. Altura
SKELETAL DISEASES AND CALCIUM METABOLISM
20 Overview of Skeletal Diseases and Calcium Metabolism in
Relation to Magnesium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
Hirotoshi Morii
21 Magnesium and Osteoporosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
Hirotoshi Morii, Takehisa Kawata, Nobuo Nagano,
Takashi Shimada, Chie Motonaga, Mariko Okamori,
Takao Nohmi, Takami Miki, Masatoshi Kobayashi, K. Hara,
and Y. Akiyama
22 Calcium-Sensing Receptor and Magnesium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
Karl Peter Schlingmann
KIDNEY
23 Magnesium and the Kidney: Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
Linda K. Massey
24 Cellular Basis of Magnesium Transport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
Pulat Tursun, Michiko Tashiro, Masaru Watanabe, and
Masato Konishi
25 Magnesium in Chronic Renal Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
Juan F. Navarro and Carmen Mora-Fernández
26 Magnesium in Hemodialysis Patients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316
Senji Okuno and Masaaki Inaba
NEUROLOGY
27 Neurology Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
Keiichi Torimitsu
28 Magnesium in the Central Nervous System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338
Renee J. Turner and Robert Vink
MAGNESIUM IN DENTAL MEDICINE
29 Tooth and Magnesium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359
Masayuki Okazaki
xii Contributors
MAGNESIUM IN NEUROLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY
30 Magnesium in Psychoses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369
Mihai Nechifor
VETERINARY MEDICINE
31 Signifi cance of Magnesium in Animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381
Tohru Matsui
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393