Table Of ContentNEW
AND
NAMES COMBINATIONS GOLDENRODS,
IN
SOLIDAGO (ASTERACEAE: ASTEREAE)
JohnCSemple
Department of Biology
""tZle^^sa^^^^^
ABSTRACT
m
The following new names and combinations Solidago are proposed: SoUdago subsec
S. altissima subsp. gihocanescens, S. kralii, S. lepida snbsp. fallow, S. Icpida var. salebrosa
RESUMEN
Se proponen los siguient es nombres y combinaciones nuevos en Solidago: Sol
sect. Humiles, Solidago ser Auriculatae, Solidago ser. Odorc
gihocanescens, kmliiS. lepida suhsp. fallax^S. lepid
ixhsp. S.
The new names and combinations were determined be needed dur-
following to
ing work to prepare the treatment of Solidago for Flora North America (Semple
&
new
Cook, submitted). Ten of the combinations treat taxa as subspecies that
The ranks
usually have been recognized as varieties. definitions of the follow
Semple (1974). In each case, the subspecies is morphologically distinct and has
a distribution that nearly allopatric from the other subspecies within the re-
is
Intermediates between the subspecies occur in the areas
spective species. ol
sympatry. Ranges overlap considerably, with pure and intermedi-
of varieties
populations occurring intermixed within the range of the variety Hamil-
ate
ton and Reichard (1992) noted inconsistencies in apphcation of the ranks
tc
and some combinations proposed here correct such inconsisten
taxon, of the
and names
within Solidago in North America. Subsection series are pro-
cies
my
how
on should be grouped within the genus;
posed opinions species
to
fit i
infrageneric nomenclature included in Semple and Cook (submitted).
full is
comb, nov
Solidago subsect. Multiradiatae Semple, Basionym: Solidago sei
(Juz.)
Multiradiatae ]uz., Fl. U.R.S.S. 25: 47. 1959. TYPE: Solidago multiradiata L.
Solidago Humiles (Rydb.) Semple, comb,
SLihsect. nov. Basionym: SoUdago
et stat.
lsp.-groupjHu/m/csRydb.,Fl.RockyMts.868.1917,TYPF:5n;iJci^^o/i[,min.sA.Gray
non
(1884), Pursh (1814). [= simplex Kunthl
S.
Solidago Auriculatae Semple,
ser. ser. nov. Typh: Solidd[:,odu ncuhiui Shuttlew ex S F
Blake
The
leaves are distinctly auriculate clasping. The basal leaves are largest and
petiolate like other Argutae.
Solidago ser Odorae (Mackenzie in Small) Semple, comb, nov Basionym:
et stat.
Solidago (sp.-group) Odorae Mackenzie Small, Man.
in SE. Fl. 1345, 1346. 1933. Sol-
Odorae
idago subsect. (Mackenzie in Small) Nesom, Phytologia 75:10, 1993. Type:
Lower mid stem leaves ovate, serrate and with two, large, lower lateral veins
(triplc-ncrvcd) as well as additional less enlarged upper lateral veins
Solidago
aliissima subsp. gilvocanescens (Rydb.) Semple, comb,
L. J.C. et stat.
nov L
BASR1NYM:
Solidago canadensis var. gilvocanescens Rydb., Contr. U.S. Natl.
Herb. 3:162. 1895. Solidago gilvocanescens (Rydb.) Smyth, Trans. Kansas Acad.
Sci.
Amer
Doria
16:161. 1899. gilvocanescens (R.ydh.) Lunell. Midi. Naturalist
5:43. 1917.
&
Solidago canadensis Lssp.gi (Rydb.) L6ve,Taxon
vocflnt-.sa-ns I^ove 31:358. 1982.
I
L
Solidago altissima var gilvocanescens (Rydb.) Semple, Phytologia
58:430. 1985.
Type: U.S.A. Nebraska. Hooker Co.: Cody s Lakes at the head of the Dismal R, sandy
Aug
Rydbergl662 N
soil, 10 1893, (holotype: US, photo!; isotypes: GH!,
Y2, photos!).
Subspeciesgilvocanescens includes diploids and tetraploids of S.altissima found
across the Great Plains from southern Canada
to Texas. Subspecies altissima
includes hexaploids throughout its range in eastern North America from the
edge of the Great Plains eastward from Nova Scotia northern Ontario and
to
eastern Manitoba south northern and
to Florida eastern Texas; a few tetraploids
known
from Arkansas and The
are Tennessee. subspecies head and
differ in
and
lorct size arc difficult to distmguish where the two ranges
overlap.
I
Solidago kraliiScmp
mi and GA-230
ol LlS-341
1.5 .s |cr. at
1975, R. Krai 56J4.5 (holotype: VDBI;
l
dm
lerbaceous perennials from creeping rhizomes. Stems 6.5-12 glabrous
tall,
1
sparsely
to strigulose in capitulescence, often copiously viscid resinous in capi
tu-
lescence. Basal leaves petiolate, blade gradually tapering winged
to petiole,
mm
cm
oblanceolate, (2.5-)10-20 (4-)15-28 main
long, wide, veni prominent.
Holotype of Solidago R
1 kralii,
.
1.5. Portion of capitulescence.6.Capitulun
Figs. 9-11. Ecology of Solidago kralii.9. Road margin habitat through sand hill; Ben Hill (
m
77276).10.Habitof1 robust individual; Richmond Co.,Georgiaf5em/7/e&Semp/e 7277). 11. Large bee visitor on
tall 7
(Semple&Semple
flowering head; Pulaski Co., Georgia 11208).
membranous, glabrous, viscid, margins shallowly serrate apically, teeth less
mm
forming ends
than present flowering, the
long, finely ciliate; rosettes at at
1
mid
produced Lower stem
of elongated rhizomes, leaves the smallest. to
first
mid
and quickly reduced, stem
leaves similar to basal to sessile linear elliptic,
mm
cm
4-8 6-9 wide, reduced upward, Upper stem
leaves long, viscid, entire.
mm mm
10-35 1-3 wide, reduced
leaves sessile, linear elliptic to linear, long,
Capitulescence narrowly thyrsiform
into capitulescence, glabrous, viscid.
cm cm
paniculilorm, 9-30(-40) long, 4-7(-12) wide, longer branches ascend-
cm
ng, 2-4(-15) long; heads l-9(-15) per branch. Peduncles sparsely strigulose,
i
somewhat naked below
to copiously resinous, to bracteolate near heads,
mm
3-4
bracteoles usually 1-3. Involucres campanulate, 5-7 high. Phyllaries in
mm mm
3-4
strongly graduated the outer ovate 1.5-2 long, middle ones
series,
mm
long, narrowly ovate, to wide, inner linear lanceolate, apex obtuse,
1.5
rounded
to slightly cuspidate, surfaces often copiously resinous, very
ciliate,
sparsely finely strigose and obscured by exudate. Ray florets 3-5(-ll), strap 2.5-
mm mm mm
5-6
3.5 long, 1-1.5 wide. Disc florets 10-16(-20), corolla long, lobes
mm mm
1-1.5(-1.8) long. Cypsellae fusiform to narrowly obconic, 3-5 long, 5-8
golden brown thin ribs darker than intercostal portions, glabrous; pappus
mm
bristles 4-5 long, sometimes strongly clavate. 2n =
18.
Flowering August-September. Turkey oak and pine scrub
sandhills; Ga., S.C.
Goldenrod simplex Kunth, plumosa Small
Krai's closely related to
is S. 5.
&
and arenicola Krai Keener, the latter two and kralii possibly being diver-
5. S.
common
and more
gent isolated relicts of a ancestor widely distributed across
the southeastern United States during late glacial times. Solidago kralii of-
is
much
more The
ten copiously viscid resinous then these other three species.
much
involucres of arenicola are taller than those of kralii and plumosa.
S. S. S.
made
somewhat
Recently tended
field collections of kralii to stick to the
S.
which
newsprint specimens were always found
in dried. Solidago kralii nearly
is
m
full sun on sandhills (Fig. the sites can be highly disturbed. Population
9);
from one dozen more number
sizes varied to several or individuals, the exact
not being determined during recent observations. Individuals were ob-
field
m
served in the field with more than three dozen robust shoots up to 1 tall (Fig.
In general, plants of arenicola observed in the in September 2003
10). field
5.
much
were shorter, had fewer shoots, and were only found in partially shaded
sandy banks northern Alabama. plumosa can
soils of river in Solidago be as
tall
known
as kralii, but only from the type location in Stanly North
S. it is is Co.,
Carolina on a very limited section of the rocky margins of the Yadkin River, a
dam
observed September 2003
habitat in that was, prior to construction, prob-
ably similar to the habitat of tetraploid simplex var. racemosa (E.L. Greene)
S.
Ringius along the Potomac River near the Great Falls of the Potomac in Mary-
m &
WAT
land observed 1984 (Semple Ringius 7663 Ringius and Semple
1987).
Chromosome
counts for kra hi determined from two locations were both
S.
km
were diploid: 2n = U.S.A. Georgia. Pulaski Co.: S of Hartford, GA-230
18,
1
(WAT
SE of US-341/GA-27, 23 October 2001, Cook etal 701 shoots well past
R.
NE
blooming); 2n = U.S.A. Georgia. Richmond Co.: US-1, of Blythe, S of Ellis
9ii,
&
embankment,
Pond, steep roadside sand 7 Sep Semple Semple
hill, B.
2003,J.
(WAV.
11217
The species named in honor of Dr. Robert Krai (VDB) who collected the
is
my
specimens brought He known
that first the species to attention. is well for
many
his work on the flora of the southeastern United States over years and for
VDB many
numerous and
his collections deposited in duplicates in other her-
baria in eastern North America.
Additional collections: U.S.A. GEORGIA. Ben Hill Co.: US-129 at S edge of Bowens Mill town limits,
&
N G km
just of A-182, 7 Sep 2003J. Semple B. Semple 11212 (WAT); S of Bowens Mill, US-129 0.4 S of
N
&B. mi
GA-182, 7 Sep 2003,/ Semple Semple 11216 (WAT); 8.2 of Fitzgerald, sandhills by US-129, 25
W
km
Sep 1975, Krai 56788 (MO, VDB). Pulaski Co.: side of Hartford, US-341 0.9 E of GA-26, just E of
radio station, 7 Sep Semple (^B. Semple JJ208 (WAT). Richmond Co.:Ft. Gordon Military Res.,
2003,J.
Solidago lepida DC. subsp. fallax (Fernald) Semple, nov. Basionym: Solidago
stat.
lepida DC. varjallax Fernald, Rhodora 17:9-10. 1915. Fl. Brit. Columbia 301. 1915.
S.
Wash.
Solidago elongata Nutt. var./allax (Fernald) G.N.Jones, Univ. Publ. 5:242.
Biol.
1936. Solidago canadensis L. vav.fallax (Fernald) Beaudry, Naturaliste Canad. 95:37.
CANADA.
Newfloundland: Aug
1968. Type: Harry's River, gravelly thicket, 18
&
NY
Wiegand
1910, Fernald 4108 (holoiype: GH!; isotype: photo!).
A
discussion of species in Solidago subsect. Triplinervae in preparation to
all is
explain the taxonomic treatment of the subsection in Semple and Cook (sub-
mitted). In the treatment, lepida the very sparsely to moderately glandular
S. is
member
of the subsection. Subspecies lepida primarily a western taxon found
is
New
from Alaska through the mountains northern Californa and Mexico
to
New
and across northern Canada to Ontario and rarely to Brunswick and the
New
Gaspe, Quebec. Subspecies/a Hax occurs in Newfoundland south to Brun-
swick and rarely to northern Ontario. has upper stems leaves with more nu-
It
merous and larger serrations than occur on leaves of either var lepida or var
salehrosa of subsp. lepida. Subspecies/a Hax only very sparsely glandular with
is
minute glands on the phyllary margins or
stipitate tips.
Solidago lepida DC. salebrosa (Piper) Semple, comb, nov Basionym:
var. Sol-
J.C.
idago serotina Ait. var salehrosa Piper in Piper Beattie, Fl. Palouse Region, 185.
iSr
Univ Montana,
1901. Solidago canadensis L. var. salehrosa (Piper) M.E.Jones, Bull.
Rocky
Biol, ser 15:49. 1910. Solidago salehrosa (Piper) Rydb., Fl. Mts. 870, 1067. 1917.
Univ
Solidago gigantea salehrosa (Piper) Friesner Butler Bot. Stud. 4:196. 1940. Sol-
Univ
idago gigantea Ait. var salehrosa (Piper) Friesner, Butler Bot. Stud. 5:113. 1941.
Solidago canadensis ssp. salehrosa (Piper) Keck, Aliso, 4:104. 1958. Type: U.S.A.
L.
WASHINGTON: Pullman, Piper 1580 (holotype: WS!; isotype: GH!)
Minute glands occurs on capitulescence structures (upper most stem
stipitate
which
peduncles and/or var
leaves, bracts, phyllaries) in lepida salehrosa,
S.
differs from var lepida in having arching, elongated lower branches in the
capitulescence.
odora Alton chapmanii Gray) Semple, comb, nov
Solidago subsp.
(A.
J.C.
Amer
Basionym: Solidago chapmanii A. Gray, Proc. Acad. 16:80. 1880. Solidago odora
Ait. var chapmanii (A. Gray) Cronq., Brittonia 29:224. 1977. SyntypeS: U.S.A.
NY
Chapman Nov Dr
Florida: "pine barrens. (GH!, photo!). Levy Co.: 1877, Gar-
s.n.
GHi rcTOTMT The
here designated here designated)
F isoi
GH A
marked nsp Giay Chapman
aie the collection at
m
^pe was selected because the label includes Grays hand
Haksn
(GHi and
patula[beta]strictula nai row -paniculate capitulcsccnce por-
)
GH
Drummond Drummond
T
has severallabels Jickson\ilk ouisiana
at
IJ
1
Hooker misitjanuar) 1835 1870 Ikib Fiom Htih puichased by Dr
2) L,d)
|
mCi AMER
N N
Hooker 3) S patula \ar stnctula s h iiid on hisS^ FL label
i\
G
and an annotation by Dr Moiton k)7(U\ithtlK uion Sohdago patula
4) idcniiliL
Muhl While thisspccimcn was seen b\ w soini pomi there no indication
Cii is
ii
Solidago puberiila NiUt Mibsp puUeiukiila Scmple, coinb
(.Niill |C et Stat
)
possibk isOTYPF DH-1225521)
USA
12-18) Type
io\ iligs.
MO, NCU,
uted
t
olidago rugosa var. cronquistiana possesses a mixture of traits that are seen in
oth var. aspera and var rugosa (the villosa morph). The leaves are usually
:rongly rugose like those of var. aspera, but not as densely hairy. The branches
and more
the elongated capitulescence arc usually short like those seen in
I
lorphs of var. rugosa traditionally assigned to the var villosa, but lacking the
cnse pubescence of the kittcr. The lowest capitulescence branches of very ro-
ust plants can be elongated and repeat the pattern of the upper portion of the
&
phenomenon
Scmplc
ipitulcscence Suriplo 9829); a similar seen in
(e.g. is
ic virgatccapiiuk'sccnccsof robust plants of other species of goldenrods such
and Based on observations and knowledge type
/iLs/'idd hiioloi: field of
-. .s. ,s.
\ made
latenal in rugosa. in\' lust impression of the type collection in 1991
any
that did not well into previously described race of the rugosa
'as
It lit S.
made
Dmpiex. Additional collections were in the Appalachian Mts. of North
arolina and extreme northern Georgia. The taxon likely also occurs higher
at
.
rugosa cronquistiana, Semple & Suripto 9666 WAT)
var.
(
Figs. 1 3-18. Details of the morphology of fo/Wogo rugoso var. fran(7o/5f/fln<j (5emp/e & Sur/pfo 9666). 1 3. Capit
of wild plant with wasp visitor. 14. Mid stem leaf, abaxial surface. IS. Detail of abaxial surface of upper mid stem
16.Uppermidstem.l7.Stemjust below capitulescence.18. Enlarged area of lateral veinshown 15. Scale bars
in in
