Table Of ContentRev.Acad. Canar. Cienc, Vol. XXIV, 29-37 (diciembre de 2012)
NEW INSIGHTS INTO THE DISTRIBUTION AND BIOLOGY
OF SOME CUMACEANS (CRUSTACEA: PERACARIDA)
FROM THE CANARY ISLANDS
J. Corbera', R. Riera *, L. Moro' & R. Herrera^
'CarrerGran,90,08310Argentona.Catalonia, Spain
-Centrede InvestigacionesMedioambientalesdelAtlantico(CIMASL)
C/ArzobispoEliasYanes.44.38206LaLaguna.Tenerife.Canar\-Islands. Spain
*correspondingauthor: rodrigo'^acimacanarias.com
'Ser\iciodeBiodiversidad.ViceconsejeriadeMedioAmbientedelGobiemodeCanarias
Edf.UsosMultiplesI,Av.Anagan°35.38071. SCdeTenerife.Canan. Islands. Spain
"*Ser\iciodeBiodi\ersidad.ViceconsejeriadeMedioAmbientedelGobiemodeCanarias
EdificiodeServiciosMultiplesII(S"*planta). AgustinMillaresCarlo, 18
35071 -LasPalmasdeGranCanada.GranCanada.Canan.'Islands.Spain
RESUMEN
Se detallan nuevos datos sobre ladistribucionybiologiade algunas especies de cuma-
ceosdelas islasCanarias. Campylaspisglabra, Nannastacuscf. ungiculatiisyDiastylisnigosa
se citan por primera vez en estas islas. La distribucion de la especie endemica Speleocuma
guanche, conocidaiinicamente en la costa surdeTenerife, se amplia araiz de este trabajo a la
costanortey oeste de esta. a la \ez que se citaporprimera vez en Gran Canariay Lanzarote.
Apartir de los ejemplares recolectados de esta iiltima especie. se ha estudiado su fecundidad
estimandose en una media de 11.2 = 2.9 embriones porpuesta. Estos valores son de los mas
bajos observados en los cumaceos y se sugiere que son debidos a la vida cavemicola, donde
la variabilidad ambiental es inferiory donde existe un menor impacto de la depredacion.
Palabras clave: Cumacea. Speleocuma, Iphinoe, Campylaspis, Nannastacus, Dias-
nlis, fecundidad. islas Canarias.
ABSTRACT
New data on the distribution andbiology ofsome cumacean species from the Canarv'
Islands are reported. Campylaspisglabra. Nannastacus cf. ungiculatus andDiast}-lis rugosa
are first recorded from these islands. The distribution ofthe endemic species Speleocuma
guanche, uptonowonly knownfromthe southcoastofTenerife, isextendedto thewestand
northcoastofthis islandaswellas it is firstrecorded fromGranCanariaandLanzarotecoasts.
Fecundity ofthis species was estimated from the collected specimens, resulting in a mean of
11.9 ± 2.9 embryos perbrood. These values are between the lowest observed in cumaceans,
suggestingcavehabitat influencesthatwouldsupport lowerenvironmental variabilityaswell
as lowerpredation pressure.
Key words: Cumacea, Speleocuma. Iphinoe. Campylaspis. Nannastacus. Diastylis,
fecundity, Canary Islands.
29
INTRODUCTION
1.
The cumacean fauna ofthe Canary Islands has been scarcely studied. CORBERAet
al. [4] compiledachecklistofthespeciesrecordedinwatersofthearchipelago. Thecatalogue
includes 29 species, most ofthem inhabiting deep-waterand mainly collected during a 1968
cruiseoftheRRSDiscovery. Later, CORBERAetal. [5] studiedinterstitialcumaceansofCy-
modoceameadowsdescribinganewspecies,Iphinoecanariensis, andalmostsimultaneously
(CORBERA [3]) described a new genus and species, Speleocumaguanche, dwelling in ma-
rine lava caves ofTenerife. Since then, only a few records of/. canariensis have been pub-
lished (RIERAe^a/. [15, 16, 17]).
Ifthe cumacean faunahasbeenpoorly studied, no information is known aboutthebi-
ologyofanycumacean species ofthis archipelago. Early studywas dueto FORSMAN [10],
lateron, COREY [6, 7] investigatedthefecundityandreproductivestrategiesofsomespecies.
However, while amore or less constantnumber oftaxonomic works has increased the num-
berofcurrentlyknown species about 1,600, only a fewhave dealtwith its biology.
The study ofthe cumacean material recently collected in different monitoring pro-
grammes throughoutthe Canary archipelago allowedto increase the listofcumacean species
as well as to extendthe distributionrange ofsome little known species. Additionally, data on
thereproductionandfecundityoftheendemic speciesSpeleocumaguanchewasalsoprovided.
MATERIALSAND METHODS
2.
mm
Allspecimenswere sampledbymeansofa0.5 meshsize,wiping Cymodoceano-
dosa meadows, and cave walls and roofs (Fig. 1). Samples were deposited in a tray and all
V
Lanzarote T"
29°N - LaPalma
^
s\ ' ^~V 11' 13
fr
^f
28°N - El Hierro LaGome)ra 't / --' ( '/, fX'aGnraarnia Fuerteventura
1
18°W 16°W 14-W
Figure L-Mapofthestudyarea, showingsamplinglocationswherecumaceanswererecorded: L Los
Cerebros Cave; 2. Playa San Juan; 3. El Carrizal Cave; 4. Roque Garachico; 5. Punta del Viento; 6.
CaveinLosRealejos;7.LasTeresitasBeach;8. MedioAlmudBeach;9. BajadePasitoBlanco; 10. Cave
north to El Cabron Beach; \\. Barranco del Kikere; 12. La Catedral Cave; 13. Playa Chica; 14. Se-
badalesdeGuasimeta.
30
specimens were collected at the surface because ofthe impoverishment ofaquatic climate
(anoxia). In vivo photographs weretaken ofstudiedspecimensandthen they were consened
in alcohol 90^
SpecimensofSpeleociimaguancheweremeasured(accuracy±0.025 mm) andthe fe-
cundity offemales was estimated by counting intramarsupial contents that were classified
into five developmental stages according to BISHOP [1].
Statistics were performed using R v2.13.0 software package (R DEVELOPMENT
CORE TEAM
[14]).
The studied material wasobtainedwithin the frameworkoftheproject MAKARONE-
SIA2000, funded by the Organismo Autonomo de Museos y Centros del Cabildo de Tener-
ife and "The biota inventory ofmarine ZECS from Tenerife, Gran Canada, La Palma and
Lanzarote", funded by the Viceconsejeria de Medio Ambiente del Gobiemo de Canarias
(2011).
SYSTEMATICS
3.
CUMACEA
Order Kroyer. 1846
Family BODOTRIIDAE Scott. 1901
Subfamily BODOTRIINAE Scott. 1901
Iphinoecattariensis Corbera, Brito & Nunez. 2001
(Fig. 3 A-C)
Studied material.-GranCanaria: Bajade Pasito Blanco, stn 1, UTM438437 3066830.-18 m. 24Au-
gust 2011. 1 preadult female: Medio Almud Beach, stn 2, UTM 426611 3075515. -14 m. 24 August
2011. 1 adult male. Tenerife: Las Teresitas Beach, stn 1. UTM 384091 3153903. -7 m. 20 November
2011. 1 adult male. Lanzarote: Sebadales de Guasimeta UTM 638473/3203422.-8 m. 8April 2011, 2
preadult females: Playa Chica, UTM 629884 3199599, sandy unvegetated seabeds. -20 m. 29 April
2012, 1 ind.
Distribution.- Iphinoe canariensis was described from southern coast ofTenerife Island on
sandy bottoms and Cymodocea meadows between 7 and 16 m depth (CORBER.A.etal. [5]).
it was laterreported again in the same area (RIERA etal. [15]) and in a garden eel at deeper
bottoms (29.8 m) (RIERAetal. [16]). RIERAetal. [17] reported for the first time the pres-
enceofthis species in sandybottoms ofGran Canariaestimatingabundancesupto46 ind m-.
Itsdistribution ishereextendedto Lanzarote Islandandnew localities fromGran Canariaand
Tenerife are also provided.
SubfamilyVAUNTHOMPSONIINAE Sars. 1878
Speleocumaguanche Corbera, 2002
(Fig. 3 D-E)
Studied material.- Tenerife: El Carrizal cave, stn 11. UTM 314276/3134470. -6 m. 24 May 2011. 1
aduhmale. 1 ovigerousfemale: LosCerebroscave,stn8.UTM322536/3117655.-10m.22 May2011.
12 preadult females. 17 ovigerous females: Bajade LosRealejos cave, sm 15. UTM 343440 3143984,
31
UTM
-37.5 m, 6 June 2011, 1 preadult females, 2 ovigerous females; Punta del Viento, stn 14,
336586/3142697, -5 m, 6 June 2011, 1 preadult female; Roque de Garachico, stn 10, UTM
327359/3140338, -25 m, 24 May 2011, 1 ovigerous female. Gran Canada: cave north to the Cabron
Beach, stn7, UTM462456/3083276,-18m,27August2011,2preadultfemales,2ovigerousfemales.
Lanzarote: LaCatedral Cave, UTM 629572/3199750,-32 m, 10April 2011, 3 preadult females; Veril
de Cagafrecho, in marine caves at different depths (29-39 m) (Puerto del Carmen wrecks UTM
629122/3199850; La Catedral UTM 629751/3199572; Los Camarones UTM 629623/3199631; Bar-
rancodel KikereUTM 628543/3199682),numerous individuals, 18-30April2012.
Taxonomic remarks.- Although CORBERA [3] included the newly described genus
Speleocuma within the subfamily Mancocumatinae Watling, 1977, in a phylogenetic analy-
sis ofthe Bodotriidae HAYE [11] foundnot discriminatory characters between the subfami-
lies Mancocumatinae and Vaunthopmsoniinae. Consequently, Mancocumatinae was
synonymizedwithVaunthopmsoniinae. Regardless,therelationshipofthegenusSpeleocuma
with others genera inhabiting noithwestem Atlantic proposed by CORBERA [3] was sup-
portedby the phylogenetic analysis (HAYE [11]) that groups inthe same cladeMancocuma
Zimmer, 1943, Spilocuma Watling, 1977 andSpeleocuma Corbera, 2002.
Biological remarks.- Within the collected specimens, we analyzed 43 ofthem: 1 preadult
male, 4 adult males, 16 preadult females and 22 ovigerous.
The carapace length is often used in cumaceans as an easily and accurately measured
referenceinsteadoftotal length(BISHOP[1], COREY [6]). Anallometricrelationship(Major
Axis estimation) betweenthe carapace length (CL) andthe total length (TL) was established
(Fig. 2A):
TL= 3.8007CLO^^''^ (R- 0.9073; p<0.0001)
where the exponent is not significantlydifferentof1 (df=41; p > 0.05) that supports theuse
ofthecarapacelengthasreferencemeasurement. Carapacelengthofovigerousfemalesranged
from0.725 to 0.9mmwithameanvalueof0.823 ±0.043 mm. Theirfecundity(F) fluctuated
between6 and 18 individualspermarsupium,withameanvalue of11.2±2.9 individualsper
marsupium.Thereisasignificantpositivecorrelationbetweenthisfecundityandthecarapace
length (CLinmm) ofthe adult females, butthe coefficient ofdetermination R^ value is very
low (Fig. 2B), meaning that less than 35% ofthe variation in the fecundity can be explained
by carapace length.
Within the ovigerous females the following stages ofdevelopment were found: stage
I, 18.8%; stage II, 31.3%; stage III, 25%; stage IV 12.5%; stageV, 25%. The diameterofel-
lipsoideggs/embryos (stage I) fluctuatedbetween0.175 and0.275 mmwith ameanvalue of
0.223 ± 0.026 mm and a mean volume of0.004 ml The simultaneous presence oftwo suc-
cessive stages (IV-V) in two ofthe examined marsupium suggests that development ofS.
guanche maybe occasionally asynchronous.
Fecundity ofS. guanche is one ofthe lowestwithin those ofcumacean species so far
known(seeCOREY[6, 7],JOHNSONetal. [13]). Onlythedeep-waterspeciesLeuconjonesi
Bishop, 1982 and the summer generation ofAlmyracumaproximocull Jones and Burbanck,
1959,inhabitingintertidalfreshwatersprings,havealowermeanfecundity(8.8 and6embryos
perbrood respectively; BISHOP [1], DUNCAN [8]). However, while mean carapace length
forthe summergenerationofA.proximoculiis smallerthanofS. guanche, inL.jonesiiscon-
32
OO B °
TOLf==R3-418=0P09<700C7L03-0"0"1 iiE. dfR=-18=.0P3=3064007
S .
TEO 2 - o /Xy
0Q). oy o
~1- o ^^^/^/^o o
O o o y^
aj *"* ^^^
^^
1c -^^^^ o o
UL ® - °
opreadultfemales ^ o
Aadultmales
^preadultmales «3 -
0.70 0.75 080 0.85 0.90
CL(mm) CL(mm)
Figure2.-Speleocumagiiancherelationships between carapace length (CL) and total length (TL)(A
and betweencarapace length and fecundity (F) (B).
siderablybigger(mean 1.03 mm; BISHOP [1], 1982). Ontheotherhand,Pseudociima longi-
corne(Bate, 1858)thathasasimilarcarapace length(0.85 mm), has ahigherfecundity(mean
20.9 embryos per brood; COREY [7]). Although there is a relation between the carapace
length (i.e. the size ofthe female) and the fecundity, COREY [7] pointed out that shallow
water cumaceans has larger broods that ofinhabiting deep sea in order to offset higher pre-
dationaswell astocompensate instabilityoftheenvironment. Submarinecaves, likethedeep
sea, could act as a protective habitat, thus fa\ouring a lower fecundity that at the same time
may imply a lowerenergetic cost.
Distribution.- Speleocuma giianche was only known from the cave system ofthe type lo-
calityon the southeasterncoastofTenerife (CORBERA[3]). Itsdistribution ishere extended
tothewestandthe north coastofthis islandand alsotothe south coasts ofGran Canaria and
Lanzarote.
FamilyNANNASTACIDAE Bate, 1866
Campylaspisgiabra Sars. 1879
(Fig. 4 A-B)
Studied material.- Tenerife: El Carrizal cave, stn 11. UTM 314276'3134470. -6 m. 24 May 2011. 1
preadultfemale.GranCanaria: cavenorthtoElCabron Beach,stn7.UTM462456 3083276.-18m.27
August2011, 1 preaduhmale.
m
Distribution.- Campykispis glabra is an eurybathic species recorded from 15 to 3,000
depth and widely distributed in the north Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. FAGE
[9] reported this species from deep waters offthe coast ofSenegal (eastAfrica), but it is here
recorded for fist time from shallow-water submarine ca\'es ofthe Canarv Islands.
33
Nannastacus cf. ungiculatus (Bate, 1859)
Studied material.- Tenerife: Playa San Juan, stn. 6, UTM, 3118099/322029, -15 m, 20 July 2011, 1
ovigerous female.
Distribution.- This species is known fromthe northeastAtlantic, the Mediterranean andthe
Black Sea. ItinhabitsamongphotophilicalgaeandinPosidoniameadowsofshallowbottoms
m
between and 40 depth. Although it has been recorder at deeper bottoms (110-120 m;
LEDOYER [12]), the study ofthat material deposited in the MNHN-Paris confirmed that it
actually belongs to A^. atlanticus [see Supporting information File S2 pp 238-247, in COLL
etal. [2]]. PAGE [9] reportedthis species fromtheAtlantic coastofMorocco. Itsdistribution
is here extendedto the Canary Islands.
Family DIASTYLIDAE Bate, 1856
Diastylis rugosa Sars, 1865
(Lam. 4 C-D)
Studied material.- Lanzarote, Puerto del Carmen, cueva de La Catedral, UTM 629751/3199572,-32
m, 29April 2012, 2 specimens.
Distribution.-Diastylisrugosa has a depthrange from to 90 m, where itinhabitsandyand
muddy sand seabeds ofthe upper shelf. This species is widely distributed in the Northeast
Altantic Ocean(fromNorwayto the BayofBiscay) andthe Mediterranean Sea. Here, itsAt-
lantic distribution is extended south to the Canary Islands.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
4.
To Rafael Herrero (AquaWork Producciones) for diving assistance in Tenerife, Lan-
zaroteandGranCanada.WeacknowledgePatriciaMonagas,NinoNavarroandAndreaCasini
fortheircollaborationduringfieldcampaigns. ToJuanaAbadCelliniandLeopoldoMoroGar-
cia,EmilioRodriguez(Hippocampus-FarionesDiveCenter),AlfonsoMontesdeOca(Naosub
Dive Center) for logistic support. To Eva Ramos (CIMASL) forproviding the studied speci-
men belonging to the genus Nannastacus. And last but not least, to Dr. Juan Jose Bacallado
Aranega (Directorofthe Project MAKARONESIA2000) forhis continuous encouragement.
REFERENCES
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35
Figure3.-A-C.IphinoecanahensisCorbera,Brito&Nunez,2002: adultmalefromTenerife(A-B)and
preadultfemalefromGranCanada(C);D-E.SpeleocumaguancheCorbera,2002: individual fromLan-
zarote(D)andpreadultfemalefromTenerife(E).
36
Figure4.- A-B. Campylaspisglabra Sars. 1879: preadult female from Tenerife (A) andpreadult male
from Gran Canaria (B): C-D.Diasnlis fu^osa Sars. 1865 from Lanzarote.
37
