New Horizons in Mobile and Wireless Communications: Radio Interfaces (Artech House Mobile Communication Series)

468 Pages·2009·10.29 MB·English

by  Ramjee Prasad

New Horizons in Mobile and
Wireless Communications
Volume 1
Radio Interfaces
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For a listing of recent titles in the Artech House Universal Personal Communications
Series, turn to the back of this book.
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New Horizons in Mobile and
Wireless Communications
Volume 1
Radio Interfaces
Ramjee Prasad
Albena Mihovska
Editors
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A catalog record for this book is available from the U.S. Library of Congress.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
ISBN-13: 978-1-60783-967-5
ISBN-10: 1-60783-967-9
Cover design by Igor Valdman
 2009 European Union
All rights reserved.
Artech House
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Norwood, MA 02062
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information.Useofatermin thisbookshouldnotberegardedasaffectingthevalidityof
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Contents
Preface ix
Acknowledgments xi
CHAPTER 1
Introduction 1
1.1 Mobile and Wireless Systems for Next Generation 1
1.1.1 Overview of Mobile and Wireless Communication Systems 2
1.1.2 Evolution and Migration Toward Next Generation Mobile
Communication Systems 5
1.1.3 Radio Systems Planning and Optimization 6
1.2 Challenges and Requirements for Radio Interface Design 8
1.2.1 Technical Requirements 9
1.2.2 Enabling Technologies 13
1.2.3 Market Requirements and Services 13
1.3 Research and Standardization Research Activities Toward New Radio
Interfaces 14
1.3.1 European-Funded Research Activities 15
1.3.2 Other Activities 17
1.4 Preview of the Book 18
References 20
CHAPTER 2
Spectrum-Efficient Radio Interface Technologies 23
2.1 Introduction 23
2.1.1 Radio Interfaces for Ubiquitous Communications 25
2.1.2 OFDM-Based Radio Interfaces in the Scope of Next
Generation Systems 27
2.1.3 Coexistence and Spectrum Sharing 32
2.1.4 Opportunities for Secondary Spectrum Use 34
2.1.5 Multiband Transmissions 36
2.2 Radio Interfaces Optimized for PANs 56
2.2.1 Scenarios and Radio Propagation Models for PANs 58
2.2.2 Increased Capacity and Throughput for a MIMO UWB System 64
2.3 Accurate Channel Modeling for Adaptive and Scalable Air Interfaces 65
2.3.1 Existing MIMO Channel Models 67
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vi Contents
2.3.2 Channel Modeling 77
2.3.3 Simulation of Radio Systems 82
2.3.4 Classifying Channel Characteristics 86
2.3.5 General Descriptions of Basic Channel Models 90
2.4 Conclusions 92
References 93
CHAPTER 3
Coding and Modulation 101
3.1 Introduction 102
3.1.1 Analysis and Design of Coding Algorithms for Next
Generation Systems 102
3.1.2 Analysis and Design of Modulation Schemes for Next
Generation Systems 116
3.2 Design of Multiuser Space-Time Codes 143
3.2.1 Characterization of the Error Event Regions 144
3.2.2 Code Design Criteria 146
3.2.3 Multiuser MIMO Downlink Space-Time Block Coded
Transmission Scheme 148
3.3 Advanced Modulation and Coding Techniques 153
3.3.1 Modulation and Coding Schemes with DTBCs 154
3.3.2 Quasicyclic Block LDPC Codes 163
3.3.3 Low-Rate Convolutional Codes for Broadcast Information 166
3.4 Conclusions 171
References 171
CHAPTER 4
Multiple-Access Schemes 177
4.1 Introduction 177
4.1.1 Selection Criteria for a Multiple-Access Scheme 179
4.1.2 Single-Carrier Versus Multicarrier Schemes 180
4.2 Analysis of TDMA/OFDMA for an IMT-A Candidate System 193
4.2.1 Key Design Aspects 193
4.2.2 Performance Modeling and Evaluation 197
4.3 Conclusions 214
References 214
CHAPTER 5
Smart Antennas and Related Technologies 217
5.1 Introduction 218
5.1.1 Multiple-Antenna Methods and Techniques 218
5.1.2 Benefits of Multiple Transmission Schemes 219
5.1.3 Summary of Multiple-Antenna Methods 221
5.1.4 Spatial Modes 229
5.2 Downlink Capacity Enhancement of IEEE 802.11a/g 229
5.2.1 Space and Time Diversity in the OBAN Scenario 232
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Contents vii
5.2.2 Downlink Beamforming Under EIRP Constraints in WLAN
OFDM Systems 234
5.2.3 Downlink Capacity Enhancement of IEEE 802.11a/g Using
SDMA with a Multiple-Antenna Access Point 247
5.3 Modeling of Two- and Three-Dimensional Antenna Arrays for
Channel Model Measurements 251
5.3.1 Overview of Antenna Models 252
5.3.2 Modeling of Antenna Characteristics 254
5.3.3 Broadband RF Module Implementation 265
5.4 Antenna Architectures for UWB Systems 267
5.4.1 Main Transceiver Principles 268
5.4.2 RF Front End and Antenna Implementation and Experiments 271
5.5 Conclusions 275
References 276
CHAPTER 6
Coverage Enhancement Technologies 281
6.1 Introduction 281
6.1.1 Standards Supporting Multihop Communications 283
6.1.2 Relay Technologies in Support of Ubiquitous Radio Access 288
6.2 RRM Schemes for Relay-Based Deployments 299
6.2.1 Spectrum Partitioning 300
6.2.2 Adaptive Soft Resource Partitioning 304
6.2.3 Multihop Relay Scenarios 310
6.3 Advanced Antenna Techniques for Relaying 312
6.3.1 Cooperative Relaying 312
6.3.2 Spatial Filtering and SDMA 326
6.4 Conclusions 330
References 331
CHAPTER 7
Interference Management 333
7.1 Introduction 334
7.1.1 Methods to Assess the Severity of Interference 335
7.1.2 Interference Management 340
7.1.3 Interference Mitigation 343
7.2 ICI Modeling for Ubiquitous Radio System Concept 347
7.2.1 Multicell Simulation Setup 349
7.2.2 Evaluation of ICI 351
7.3 Interference Scenarios for PAN-Optimized Radio Interfaces 361
7.3.1 Body-to-Body Channel Gain Modeling 362
7.3.2 Temporal Properties of Interferers 369
7.3.3 Unified Interference Modeling Derived from Link Budget
Analysis 377
7.3.4 Cooperative Transmission for WPAN Scenarios 379
7.3.5 Interference Mitigation Through Dynamic Interleaving Codes 382
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viii Contents
7.4 Conclusions 384
References 386
CHAPTER 8
Efficient Management of Radio Resources 389
8.1 Introduction 390
8.1.1 User and Control Planes 390
8.1.2 MAC Design Challenges 393
8.2 Resource Management Algorithms 398
8.2.1 Scheduling Algorithms 398
8.2.2 Link Adaptation 406
8.3 Cross-Layer Optimization and Design 407
8.3.1 Cross-Layer Information and Signaling 409
8.3.2 Scheduling 411
8.4 Cross-Optimization of FM-UWB and MC-SS Radio Interface
Solutions 414
8.4.1 AWA Algorithm 417
8.4.2 Improved AWA 419
8.4.3 Performance Analysis 419
8.5 Conclusions 425
References 425
CHAPTER 9
Conclusions 429
About the Editors 431
Index 435
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Preface
jn˜a¯nam˙ jn˜eyam˙ parijn˜a¯ta¯
tri-vidha¯ karma-codana¯
karan.am˙ karma karteti
tri-vidhah. karma-san˙grahah.
jn˜a¯nam—knowledge; jn˜eyam—the objective of knowledge;
parijn˜a¯ta¯—the knower; tri-vidha¯—of three kinds; karma—of
Knowledge, the object of knowledge, and the knower are the three factors that
motivate action; the senses, the work, and the doer are the three constituents of
action.
—The Bhagavad Gita (18.18)
European Research Framework programs are public policy instruments designed
tostrengthen Europeancompetitiveness through cooperation.Although theyhave
a fixed time frame, determined research themes, and a specific expected impact,
theachievementsinresearchanddevelopment(R&D)madeby thesefundedproj-
ects pave the way for a research continuum.
The Information Society Technologies (IST) research program was launched
in1999asasuccessortotheAdvancedCommunicationsTechnologiesandServices
(ACTS) research framework. Within this program, two consecutive frameworks
were focused on advancements in the state of the art in the area of mobile and
personal communications and systems: FP5, Satellite-Based Systems and Services,
and FP6, Mobile and Wireless Systems Beyond 3G and Broadband for All. Under
FP6, the European Union has been funding collaborative R&D activities in the
field of telecommunications with a financial allocation of more than––C370 million
and the objective to make significant progress toward advanced communication
technologies, systems, and services.
The FP6 IST research and development effort was a primary initiative that
launched large Integrated Projects (IPs) alongside the smaller Specific Targeted
Research Projects (STREPs), Specific Support Actions (SSAs), and Networks of
Excellence (NoEs).
TheenormousresearcheffortconcentratedinthevariousR&Dprojectactivities
required a special supporting initiative that would span the entire domain of
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