New Guide to Medicines and Drugs, 9th Edition

514 Pages·2015·46.41 MB·English

by  British Medical Association

B R I T I S H M E D I C A L A S S O C I A T I O N
NEW GUIDE TO
MEDICINES
& DRUGS
Chief Medical Editor
Dr Kevin M O’Shaughnessy MA BM BCh DPhil FRCP
BRITISH MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
Chair of Council Dr Mark Porter
Treasurer Dr Andrew Dearden
Chairman of Representative Body Dr Ian Wilson
CONTRIBUTORS AND CONSULTANTS
Chief Medical Editor: Dr Kevin M O’Shaughnessy MA BM BCh DPhil FRCP
BMA Consulting Medical Editor Dr Michael Peters MB BS
Contributors Narinder Bhalla MSc BSc (Hons) MRPharmaS; Timothy J Burton MA MRCP PhD;
Joseph Cheriyan MBChB MRCP; Jemima Dunne; Mark Glover MA PhD MRCP; Johann
Graggaber MD MRCP; Adam McGeogh MA (Cantab) MB BChir MRCP PhD; Fraz Mir BSc MB BS
MRCP; Viknesh Selvarajah MBChB MRCP; Steve Smith BSc MB BChir MPhil PhD MRCP(UK);
Laurie Tomlinson MB BS PhD MRCP; Michaela Watts RGN IP/SP
DORLING KINDERSLEY
Consulting Editor Martyn Page Preproduction Producer Nikoleta Parasaki
Senior Editor Janet Mohun Producer Mary Slater
Senior Art Editor Helen Spencer Illustrations Jo Cameron; Karen Cochrane;
Managing Editor Angeles Gavira Tony Graham; Mike Johnson; Coral Mula;
Managing Art Editor Michelle Baxter Lynda Payne
Jacket Design Mark Cavanagh Art Director Phillip Ormerod
Jacket Editor Maud Whatley Publisher Liz Wheeler
Database David Roberts Publishing Director Jonathan Metcalf
DORLING KINDERSLEY INDIA
Assistant Editor Sneha Sunder Benjamin Managing Editor Rohan Sinha
Art Editor Konica Juneja Bagga Managing Art Editor Sudakshina Basu
DTP Designer Dheeraj Singh DTP Manager Balwant Singh
Published in Great Britain by Dorling Kindersley Limited
80 Strand, London, WC2R 0RL, A Penguin Random House Company
First edition 1988
Second edition 1991, reprinted 1992, 1993
Third edition 1994, reprinted 1995
Fourth edition 1997, reprinted 1998, 1999
Fifth edition 2001, reprinted with corrections 2001, 2002
Sixth edition 2004, reprinted 2004, 2005, 2006 (with corrections)
Seventh edition 2007, reprinted 2008
Eighth edition 2011
Ninth edition 2015
2 4 6 8 10 9 7 5 3 1
001 – 265167 – February/2015
Copyright © 1988, 1991, 1994, 1997, 2001, 2004, 2006, 2007, 2011, 2015 Dorling Kindersley Limited, London
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise,
without the prior written permission of the copyright owner.
READER NOTICE
The British Medical Association New Guide to Medicines and Drugs provides information on a wide range
of medicines, drugs, and related subjects. The book is not a substitute for expert medical advice, however,
and you are advised always to consult your doctor for specifc information on personal health matters.
Never disregard expert medical advice or delay in seeking medical advice due to information obtained
from this book. The naming of any product, treatment, or organization in this book does not imply
endorsement by the Chief Medical Editor, the BMA, the BMA Consulting Medical Editor or the publisher,
nor does the omission of any such names indicate disapproval. The Chief Medical Editor, BMA, BMA
Consulting Medical Editor, and publisher do not accept any legal responsibility for any personal injury or
other damage or loss arising from any use or misuse of the information and advice in this book.
A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
ISBN 978-0-2411-8341-0
Printed in China
Discover more at
www.dk.com
PREFACE
In an age of information overload it is often difficult to know what information
is most relevant to you. This is particularly true for medications, as drugs
become more sophisticated and manufacturers are required to produce
an increasing amount of information detailing side effects, warnings, and
interactions with other drugs, including over-the-counter medicines
and complementary remedies. There is also a bewildering array of drugs
available, and more drugs, previously only available on prescription, can
now be purchased over the counter at a pharmacy or supermarket.
Moreover, many people also use the internet for information or to buy
medications. While some pharmacies operate approved online retail
operations, others are not registered or regulated and could supply drugs
that are dangerous to your health. For this reason, it is always advisable
to consult a health professional before taking any medication, including
any complementary remedy. With detailed profiles of 278 drugs, this
revised and updated edition of the BMA New Guide to Medicines and
Drugs guides you through this maze, helping you to prioritise the
information that is important in your particular case so that you can
use medicines safely and sensibly.
The information in this book has been thoroughly researched and reflects
evidence-based medical knowledge. There have been many changes to
drug profiles, with revised warnings, dosages, and formulations since the
last edition. You can look up an individual drug and easily find the important
information you need, for example adverse effects, whether it is safe to take
with other medications or in pregnancy, how much to take and when, and
whether long-term use causes any problems. It will also inform you whether
there is any problem, caution, or dosage issue in someone over 60 years
old using the drug. Parts 1 and 2 of the guide can be used in conjunction
with the main drug profiles to give more in-depth information about how
groups of drugs work and how to use them. There are also updated sections
on vitamins and minerals, drugs of abuse, complementary and alternative
medicine, drugs in sport, and travel medicine.
As in other areas of medicine, information about drugs changes rapidly
as new discoveries are made about existing drugs or new medications
are introduced and so this guide is not meant to replace advice given by
your doctor, pharmacist, or other health professional. We feel, however,
that the information provided here will help you to work in partnership
with your health advisors to use medicines and look after your health
both safely and effectively.
Dr. Michael Peters
BMA Consulting Medical Editor
CONTENTS
Introduction 8
1 UNDERSTANDING AND
USING DRUGS
What are drugs? 12
How drugs are classified 13
How drugs work 14
Methods of administration 17
Drug treatment in special risk groups 20
Drug tolerance and dependence 23
Managing your drug treatment 25
2 MAJOR DRUG GROUPS
Brain and nervous system 34
Respiratory system 47
Heart and circulation 53
Gastrointestinal tract 64
Muscles, bones, and joints 73
Allergy 81
Infections and infestations 84
Hormones and endocrine system 98
Nutrition 106
Malignant and immune disease 110
Reproductive and urinary tracts 118
Eyes and ears 127
Skin 132
3 A–Z OF DRUGS
A–Z of medical drugs 144
A–Z of vitamins and minerals 426
Drugs of abuse 439
Complementary and alternative medicine 451
Drugs in sport 452
Medicines and travel 453
4 INFORMATION AND INDEX
Useful resources 458
Glossary 459
Drug finder 465
Index 493
DRUG POISONING EMERGENCY
GUIDE 510
INTRODUCTION
The British Medical Association New Guide to vitamins, minerals, and drugs of abuse, and
Medicines and Drugs has been planned and written information on complementary and alternative
to provide clear information and practical advice on medicines, drugs in sport, and medicines and
drugs and medicines in a way that can be readily travel. Part 4 contains useful resources, a glossary
understood by a non-medical reader. The text of drug-related terms, the drug fnder, which helps
refects current medical knowledge and standard locate information on specifc drugs through an
medical practice in this country. It is intended to index to over 2,500 generic and brand-name drugs,
complement and reinforce the advice given by your and a general index.
doctor, pharmacist, or other prescriber.
Finding your way into the book
How the book is structured The information you require, whether on the specifc
The book is divided into four parts. The frst part, characteristics of an individual drug or on the
Understanding and Using Drugs, provides a general general effects and uses of a group of drugs, can
introduction to the effects of drugs and gives advice be easily obtained without prior knowledge of the
on practical questions, such as administration and medical names of drugs or drug classifcation
storage of drugs. Part 2, Major Drug Groups, will through one of the two indexes: the drug fnder
help you to understand the uses and mechanisms or the general index. The diagram on the facing
of action of the principal classes of drugs. Part 3, page shows how you can obtain information
the A–Z of Drugs, consists of 278 detailed profles throughout the book on the subject concerning
of commonly prescribed generic drugs, profles of you from each of these starting points.
1 UNDERSTANDING AND USING DRUGS 2 MAJOR DRUG
The introductory part of the book, proper use of medicines, it provides GROUPS
Understanding and Using Drugs, gives valuable background information that
a grounding in the fundamental principles backs up the more detailed descriptions Subdivided into sections dealing with
underlying the medical use of drugs. and advice given in Parts 2 and 3. You each body system (for example, heart
Covering such topics as classifcations should read this section before seeking and circulation) or major disease grouping
of drugs, mechanisms of action, and the further specifc information. (for example, malignant and immune
disease), this part of the book contains
UNDERSTANDING AND USING DRUGS HOW DRUGS ARE CLASSIFIED descriptions of the principal classes of
WHAT ARE DRUGS? HOW DRUGS ARE CLASSIFIED drugs. Information is given on the uses,
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