Table Of ContentAkira Miyazaki, Michio Imawari (Eds.)
New Frontiers in Lifestyle-Related Diseases
Akira Miyazaki,
Michio Imawari (Eds.)
New Frontiers in
Lifestyle-Related
Diseases
~
Springer
AkiraMiyazaki, M.D., Ph.D.
ProfessorandChairman
DepartmentofBiochemistry
ShowaUniversity SchoolofMedicine
1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku,Tokyo 142-8555,Japan
Michio Imawari, M.D., D.M.Sc.
Professorand Chairman
SecondDepartmentofInternalMedicine
ShowaUniversity SchoolofMedicine
1-5-8Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku,Tokyo 142-8555,Japan
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Foreword
It is my great pleasure to publish New Frontiers in Lifestyle-Related Dis
eases, the proceedings of the Showa University International Symposium
for Life Sciences, 3rd Annual Meeting, held at Showa University on Sep
tember 13, 2006. This symposium was supported, in part, by Grants for the
Promotion of the Advancement of Education and Research in Graduate
Schools and Ordinary Expenses for Private Schools from the Ministry of
Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan. On behalf
of Showa University, I would like to express my deepest thanks to all the
authors and editors for their great contribution to the publication of this
memorable book that accelerates research activity in lifestyle-related
diseases.
Akiyoshi Hosoyamada, M.D., Ph.D.
President, Showa University
Tokyo, Japan
September 2007
v
Preface
The leading cause of death in Western countries and some developing
countries is atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Among them, acute
myocardial infarction is the most common type offatal disease, caused by
the progression ofatherosclerosis characterizedby accumulation ofcholes
terol in vascular walls. Development ofatherosclerosis is greatly enhanced
by major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases such as obesity, hyperlip
idemia, diabetes (hyperglycemia), and hypertension. Among those, obesity
frequently initiates a metabolic change that subsequently induces hyperlip
idemia, diabetes, hypertension, and eventually atherosclerotic cardiovascu
lar diseases. Because obesity and its related disorders largely depend on
lifestylefactors suchashighcalorieintakeandlowphysicalactivity,aseries
ofdisorders are termed lifestyle-related diseases.
This book includes 14 oral presentations and 5 poster presentations
from the ShowaUniversity International Symposium, 3rdAnnual Meeting,
"NewFrontiersinLifestyle-RelatedDiseases,"heldonSeptember13,2006.
The work published here conveys the latest information from basic and
clinical research in lifestyle-related diseases. The first part of the book
describes regulation of feeding and energy homeostasis. The second part
deals with lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis. The third part ofthe book
focuses onnovelriskfactors forcardiovasculardiseases suchas sleepapnea
syndrome, small dense low-density lipoproteins, and periodontitis.
We wish to express many thanks to all the participants in the sympo
sium and to the authors of this book. We believe this volume provides
researchers in the field of lifestyle-related diseases with new and useful
information.
Akira Miyazaki, M.D., Ph.D., Professor ofBiochemistry
Michio Imawari, M.D., D.M.Sc. Professor ofMedicine
Showa University School ofMedicine
Tokyo, Japan
September 2007
VII
Contents
Foreword V
Preface................................................................................................... VII
Contributors.......................................................................................... XIII
Part I. Regulation ofFeeding and Energy Homeostasis in the Brain
Orphan Neuropeptides and the Regulation ofFood Intake
H. Nagasaki, Y. Xu, Y. Saito, and O. Civelli 3
Neuronal Mechanisms ofFeeding Regulation by Peptides
M. Nakazato and H. Veno 21
Distribution and Localization ofGalanin-Like Peptide (GALP)
in Brain
F. Takenoya, H. Kageyama, and S. Shioda 29
Functional Analysis ofGALP in Feeding Regulation
H. Kageyama, K. Toshinai, Y Date, M. Nakazato, F. Takenoya,
and S. Shioda 39
Regulation ofEnergy Homeostasis by GALP
S. Shioda, H. Kageyama, F. Takenoya, Y. Date, M. Nakazato,
T. Osaka, and Y. Minokoshi 47
Part II. Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis
Cholesterol Trafficking and Esterification with Relation to
Atherosclerosis and Neurodegenerative Diseases
T.Y. Chang, and C. C. Y. Chang 57
Atherogenic Lipoproteins in Type 2 Diabetes with Nephropathy
T. Hirano 71
Regulatory Mechanisms for Cytosolic Prostaglandin E Synthase,
cPGES/p23
Y. Nakatani, and I. Kudo 77
IX
x
Regulation ofIntracellular Lipid Storage and Adipose
Differentiation-Related Protein (ADRP)
H. Itabe, Y. Masuda, N. Sasabe, K. Kitazato, H. Arai, and
T. Takano 81
Roles ofVasoactive Agents in Macrophage Foam Cell Formation
and Atherosclerosis
T. Watanabe, and A. Miyazaki 89
Part III. Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Diseases
Sleep Apnea and Metabolic and Cardiovascular Complications
C. P. O'Donnell 99
Sleep Apnea Syndrome and Atherosclerosis
K. Minoguchi 107
Significance ofSmall Dense Low-Density Lipoproteins in
Coronary Heart Disease
S. Koba, T. Hirano, Y. Yokota, F. Tsunoda, Y. Ban, T. Sato,
M. Shoji, H. Suzuki, E. Geshi, and T. Katagiri 115
Statin Decreases IL-1 and LPS-Induced Inflammatory Cytokines
Production in Oral Epithelial Cells
M. Usui, R. Suda, Y. Miyazawa, M. Kobayashi, Y. Okamatsu,
H. Takiguchi, M. Suzuki, and M. Yamamoto 125
Part IV. Poster Sessions
Onco-Suppressor p53 Protein Prevents an Alzheimer Disease Mouse
Model, Pinl-Null Mouse from the Increase ofPresenilin-1
K. Takahashi, K. Shimazaki, T. Obama, R. Kato, H. Itabe,
H. Akiyama, C. Uchida, and T. Uchida 135
Quantification ofMouse Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein by
Sandwich ELISA
R. Kato, C. Mon, K. Kitasato, K. Takahashi, S. Arata, T. Obama,
and H. Itabe 139
XI
Regulation ofsPLA -IIA Expression in Cytokine-Stimulated Rat
2
Fibroblasts
H. Kuwata, and I. Kudo 143
Comparison Between Small Dense LDL-Cholesterol and
LDL-Cholesterol to Predict Coronary Events in Stable Coronary
Heart Disease
Y. Yokota, S. Koba, F. Tsunoda, Y. Ban, T. Sato, M. Shoji,
H. Suzuki, and T. Katagiri 147
Acceleration ofFoam Cell Formation by Leptin in Human
Monocyte-Derived Macrophages
S. Hongo, T. Watanabe, K. Takahashi, and A. Miyazaki 155
Key word index .. 159
Contributors
Akiyama, H., Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Tohoku University,
6-3 Aramaki, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
Arai, H., Department ofHealth Chemistry, Graduate School of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku,
Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
Arata, S., I-Jaboratory ofDNA Recombination, Showa University, 1-5-8
Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
Ban, Y., Third Department ofInternal Medicine, Showa University
School ofMedicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8666,
Japan
Chang, C.C.Y., Department ofBiochemistry, Dartmouth Medical School,
Hanover, NH, 03755 USA
Chang, T.-Y., Department ofBiochemistry, Dartmouth Medical School,
Hanover, NH, 03755 USA
Civelli, 0., Departments ofPharmacology and Developmental and Cell
Biology, Schools ofMedicine and ofBiological Sciences, Med surge II,
University California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4625, USA
Date, Y., Frontier Science Research Center, University ofMiyazaki, 5200
Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
Ge-shi, E., Third Department ofInternal Medicine, Showa University
School ofMedicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8666,
Japan
Hirano, T., First Department ofInternal Medicine, Showa University
School ofMedisine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8666,
Japan
Hongo, S., Department ofBiochemistry, Showa University School of
Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
XIII
