Table Of ContentNEW FRONTIERS IN
HIGH-ENERGY PHYSICS
Studies in the Natural Sciences
A Series from the Center for Theoretical Studies
University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida
Recent Volumes in this Series
Volume 5 - FUNDAMENTAL THEORIES IN PHYSICS
Edited by Stephan L. Mintz, Laurence Mittag, Susan M. Widmayer,
Chui-Shuen Hui, and Joseph F. Malerba
Volume 6 - PROGRESS IN THE NEUROSCIENCES AND RELATED FIELDS
Edited by Behram Kursunoglu, Stephan L. Mintz, Susan M. Widmayer,
Chui-Shuen Hui, Joseph Hubbard, and Joseph F. Malerba
Volume 7 - TOPICS IN ENERGY AND RESOURCES
Edited by Behram Kursunoglu, Stephan L. Mintz, Susan M. Widmayer,
Chui-Shuen Hui, Joseph Hubbard, Joseph Malerba, and George Soukup
Volume 8 - PROGRESS IN LASERS AND LASER FUSION
Edited by Behram Kursunoglu, Arnold Perlmutter, Susan M. Widmayer,
Uri Bernstein, Joseph Hubbard, Christian Le Monnier de Gouville,
Laurence Mittag, Donald Pettengill, George Soukup, and M. Y. Wang
Volume 9 - THEORIES AND EXPERIMENTS IN HIGH-ENERGY PHYSICS
Edited by Behram Kursunoglu, Arnold Perlmutter, Susan M. Widmayer,
Uri Bernstein, Joseph Hubbard, Christian Le Monnier de Gouville,
Laurence Mittag, Donald Pettengill, George Soukup, and M. Y. Wang
Volume 10 -NEW PATHWAYS IN HIGH·ENERGY PHYSICS I
Magnetic Charge and Other Fundamental Approaches
Edited by Arnold Perlmutter
Volume 11 -NEW PATHWAYS IN HIGH-ENERGY PHYSICS"
New Particles-Theories and Experiments
Edited by Arnold Perlmutter
Volume 12 -DEEPER PATHWAYS IN HIGH-ENERGY t>HYSICS
Edited by Behram Kursunoglu, Arnold Perlmutter, Linda F. Scott,
Mou-Shan Chen, Joseph Hubbard, Michel Mille, and Mario Rasetti
Volume 13 - THE SIGNIFICANCE OF NONLINEARITY IN THE NATURAL SCIENCES
Edited by Behram Kursunoglu, Arnold Perlmutter, Linda F. Scott,
Mou-Shan Chen, Joseph Hubbard, Michel Mille, and Mario Rasetti
Volume 14 - NEW FRONTIERS IN HIGH·ENERGY PHYSICS
Edited by Behram Kursunoglu, Arnold Perlmutter, Linda F. Scott,
Osman Kadiroglu, Jerzy Nowakowski, and Frank Krausz
A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring
delivery of each new volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon
actual shipment. For further information please contact the publisher.
ORBIS SCIENTIAE
NEW FRONTIERS IN
HIGH-ENERGY PHYSICS
Chairman
Behram Kursunoglu
Editors
Arnold Perlmutter
Linda F. Scott
Scientific Secretaries
Osman Kadiroglu
Jerzy Nowakowski
Frank Krausz
Center for Theoretical Studies
University of Miami
Coral Gables, Florida
PLENUM PRESS • NEW YORK AND LONDON
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Orbis Scientiae, University of Miami, 1978.
New frontiers in high-energy physics.
(Studies in the natural sciences; v. 14)
"Held by the Center for Theoretical Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables,
Florida, January 16-19, 1978.
Includes index.
1. Particles (Nuclear physics) - Congresses. I. Kursunoglu, Behram, 1922- II.
Perlmutter, Arnold, 1928- III. Scott, Linda F. IV. Miami, University of, Coral
Gables, Fla. Center for Theoretical Studies. V. Title. VI. Title: High-energy phys
ics. VII. Series.
QC793.07 1978 539.7'21 78-15767
ISBN-13: 978-1-4613-2867-4 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4613-2865-0
001: 10.1007/978-1-4613-2865-0
Proceedings of Orbis Scientiae 1978 on New Frontiers in High-Energy Physics
held by the Center for Theoretical Studies, University of Miami,
Coral Gables, Florida, January 16-19,1978
©1978 Plenum Press, New York
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1978
A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation
227 West 17th Street, New York, N.Y. 10011
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted,
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
PREFACE
The editors are pleased to submit to the readers the state
of the art in high energy physics as it appears at the beginning
of 1978.
Appreciation is extended to Mrs. Helga S. Billings for her
assistance with the conference and for her skillful typing of the
proceedings which was done with great enthusiasm and dedication.
Also, appreciation is extended to Dr. Osman Kadiro~u for his
assistance with the proceedings this year.
Orbis Scientiae 1978 received some support from the Department
of Energy.
The Editors
v
CONTENTS
New Approach to Cosmological Theory •.••.•......•...•.••••••..• 1
P.A.M. Dirac
Spin Forces in Large-p2 p-p Elastic Scattering .•.•.•...••.•.•. 17
A.D. Krisch
L
Advances in the Study of Spin Effects in Nucleon-Nucleon
Scattering at Small and Intermediate Momentum Transfers .•.• 57
Homer A. Neal
What Can One Learn from Very Accurate Measurements
of the Lepton Magnetic Moments? •.....•.•....•..•.•.••...•. 127
Toichiro Kinoshita
Lepton Spin Motion in Weak Magnetic Mirror Traps •..•........•. 145
G.W. Ford
Electron Magnetic Moment from Geonium Spectra .•.•.••.•••.•..•. 159
Robert S. Van Dyck, Jr., Paul B. Schwinberg,
and Hans Dehmelt
Muon Anomalous Magnetic Moment - The Last Word .•••.•.••••.•... 183
Robert W. Williams
Proposed Measurements of the Anomalous Magnetic
Moment of the Electron and Positron .•...•.•••....•....•.... 199
D. Newman, A. Rich, and E. Sweetman
Introductory Remarks - Quark Flavors ..........•....•...•...... 221
Sydney Meshkov
Neutrino-Induced Multimuon Events from the CDHS
Experiment •.•....•...•....•....•.........•.......•.•....•.. 227
K. Kleinknecht
New (Quark) Flavors .•.•.•••....••...•.•...••..•.•••...•...••.. 263
C. Quigg
vii
CONTENTS
New Absolutely Stable Hadrons •••..•.•.•••.•••••.•.•••••••••.• 285
Robert N. Cahn
Quantum Flavordynamics: A Status Report •••..•.••..•.•.•.•••.• 293
M.A.B. Beg
Status of Muon-Number Conservation and Comments
on Parity Violation in Atoms ••••••..•••.•••••••••.•..•.••• 313
William J. Marciano
Weak Interaction Models with Spontaneously Broken
Left-Right Symmetry....................................... 337
Rabindra H. Mohapatra
The "New" U(l) Problem ••••.••••••.•••.•.•.•••...•••.•••••••.. 403
Helen R. Quinn
Supersymmetric Theories of Particles •••••.••••.•••.•.•••.•••. 413
P. Fayet
Spinning String Theory from a Modern Perspective •.•••.•.•.... 431
John H. Schwarz
Covariant Quantization of Supergravity ••.•.•.••.•.••.•.•••.•. 447
P. van Nieuwenhuizen
The Use and Misuse of the Parton Model ...•.•.•.•..•....•••••• 475
Howard Georgi
Experimental Tests of QCD??? •.••.•.•...•••.•.•.•.•.......... 495
A.L. Sessoms
Application of Quantum Chromodynamics to High
Transverse Momentum Hadron Production •••••••..•...•.•.•.•. 517
Geoffrey C. Fox
Gauge Fixing Degeneracies, Confinement and Other
Problems for Non-Abelian Gauge Theories •••.•.•.•..•.•.•... 559
Heinz Pagels
Gauge Specification in a Non-Abelian Gauge Theory ....•..•.... 589
R. Jackiw
Quantized Electric Flux Tubes in QCD ....•.•••.•.••.•.•..•..•. 611
Itzhak Bars
Remarks on the Topology of Gauge Fields ••.•.•..•.•.••.•.••..• 633
Y. Nambu
CONTENTS ix
Dynamical Effects of Instantons and Merons ................... 641
Roger Dashen
Participants .•.....................•.....................•... 653
Program .•.•.•....•...•...•...•...•.•....•.•...•...•.•..•..•.. 657
Index •...•..•....•...•••.•.•.•.•.....•.•.•....•........•..•.. 661
NEW APPROACH TO COSMOLOGICAL THEORY
P.A.M. Dirac
Florida State University
Tallahassee, Florida
THE AGE OF THE UNIVERSE
In the 1920 after Einstein s theory had become established,
I S I
people turned their attention to cosmological equations. One of
the main problems then was to estimate the age of the universe.
A serious difficulty soon appeared. There were two schools of
thought, whose conclusions were contradictory.
On the one hand there were the people who studied the life
times of radioactive elements. They were led to infer an age of
10
about 10 years. On the other hand there were the people who
studied the evolution of galaxies and stars clusters according to
the law of gravitation of Newton or Einstein. They found that
10
10 years was not nearly long enough. They needed at least
10
8xlO years, possibly longer.
For many years there was an impasse. Eventually, a hope of
reconciliation was provided by E. A. Milne. He proposed that there
are really two measures of time of importance to physicists and
they are not in agreement. There is atomic time, which is to be
used for atomic processes governed by quantum laws, and there is
mechanical time, which is to be used with the classical laws for
the motion of bodies.
