Table Of ContentNew Directions in
Conservation Medicine
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New Directions in
Conservation Medicine
Applied Cases of Ecological Health
Edited by A . Alonso Aguirre ,
Richard S. Ostfeld ,
and Peter Daszak
1
1
Oxford University Press, Inc., publishes works that further
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Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece
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C opyright © 2012 by A.A. Aguirre, R.S. Ostfeld, and P. Daszak
P ublished by Oxford University Press, Inc.
198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016
www.oup.com
Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitt ed, in any form or by any means,
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
New directions in conservation medicine : applied cases of ecological health /
edited by A. Alonso Aguirre, Richard S. Ostfeld, and
Peter Daszak.
p . cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-19-973147-3
1. Environmental health. 2. Medical geography. 3. Environmental toxicology.
I. Aguirre, A. Alonso. II. Ostfeld, Richard S., 1954-
III. Daszak, Peter.
RA 566.N49 2012
614.4'2—dc23 2011031645
1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2
Printed in the United States of America
on acid-free paper
Th is book is dedicated to the next generation of earth rescuers and planet doctors who will transform the
conservation of biodiversity into a mainstream social movement.
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CONTENTS
Foreword: Planet Doctors • xi
Preface • xiii
Acknowledgments • xv
Contributors • xvii
part one | conservation medicine: ecological health in practice
1. Conservation Medicine: Ontogeny of an Emerging Discipline • 3
A. Alonso Aguirre, Gary M. Tabor, and Richard S. Ostfeld
2. Ecohealth: Connecting Ecology, Health, and Sustainability • 17
Bruce A. Wilcox, A. Alonso Aguirre, and Pierre Horwitz
3. One Health, One Medicine • 33
Laura H. Kahn, Th omas P. Monath, Bob H. Bokma, E. Paul Gibbs,
and A. Alonso Aguirre
4. Biodiversity and Human Health • 45
Aaron Bernstein
5. An Ecosystem Service of Biodiversity: Th e Protection of Human Health Against
Infectious Disease • 56
Felicia Keesing and Richard S. Ostfeld
6. Parasite Conservation, Conservation Medicine and Ecosystem Health • 67
Andrés Gómez, Elizabeth S. Nichols, and Susan L. Perkins
7. Stress and Immunosuppression as Factors in the Decline and Extinction of Wildlife
Populations: Concepts, Evidence, and Challenges • 82
Heribert Hofer and Marion L. East
vii
viii Contents
part two | anthropogenic change and conservation medicine
8. Climate Change and Infectious Disease Dynamics • 111
Raina K. Plowright, Paul C. Cross, Gary M. Tabor, Emily Almberg, Leslie Bienen,
and Peter J. Hudson
9. Wildlife Health in a Changing North: A Model for Global Environmental
Change • 122
Morten Tryland, Susan Kutz, and Patricia Curry
10. Habitat Fragmentation and Infectious Disease Ecology • 135
Gerardo Suzán, Fernando Esponda, Roberto Carrasco-Hernández, and A. Alonso Aguirre
11. Wildlife Trade and the Spread of Disease • 151
Katherine F. Smith, Lisa M. Schloegel, and Gail E. Rosen
12. Bushmeat and Infectious Disease Emergence • 164
Matt hew LeBreton, Brian L. Pike, Karen E. Saylors, Joseph Le Doux Diff o,
Joseph N. Fair, Anne W. Rimoin, Nancy Ortiz, Cyrille F. Djoko,
Ubald Tamoufe, and Nathan D. Wolfe
13. Human Migration, Border Controls, and Infectious Disease Emergence • 179
Anne M. Alexander, David C. Finnoff , and Jason F. Shogren
part three | emerging infectious diseases and conservation
medicine
14. Are Bats Exceptional Viral Reservoirs? • 195
Kevin J. Olival, Jonathan H. Epstein, Lin-Fa Wang, Hume E. Field, and Peter Daszak
15. SARS: A Case Study for Factors Driving Disease Emergence • 213
Wolfgang Preiser
16. H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Infl uenza: Breaking the Rules in Disease
Emergence • 228
Th ijs Kuiken and Timm Harder
17. Bartonellosis: An Emerging Disease of Humans, Domestic Animals, and Wildlife • 239
Ricardo G. Maggi, Craig A. Harms, and Edward B. Breitschwerdt
18. Brucella ceti and B rucella pinnipedialis Infections in Marine Mammals • 257
Jacques Godfroid, Ingebjø rg Helena Nymo, Morten Tryland, Axel Cloeckaert,
Th ierry Jauniaux, Adrian M. Whatmore, Edgardo Moreno, and Geoff rey Foster
19. Infectious Cancers in Wildlife • 270
Hamish McCallum and Menna Jones
20. From Protozoan Infection in Monarch Butt erfl ies to Colony Collapse Disorder in Bees:
Are Emerging Infectious Diseases Proliferating in the Insect World? • 284
Rebecca Bartel and Sonia Altizer
Contents ix
21. Fungal Diseases in Neotropical Forests Disturbed by Humans • 302
Julieta Benítez-Malvido
22. Emerging Infectious Diseases in Fisheries and Aquaculture • 312
E. Scott Philip Weber III
23. Southern Sea Ott ers as Sentinels for Land–Sea Pathogens and Pollutants • 328
David A. Jessup and Melissa A. Miller
part four | ecotoxicology and conservation medicine
24. Ecotoxicology: Bridging Wildlife, Humans, and Ecosystems • 345
Jeff rey M. Levengood and Val R. Beasley
25. Wildlife Toxicology: Environmental Contaminants and Th eir National and
International Regulation • 359
K. Christiana Grim, Anne Fairbrother, and Barnett A. Ratt ner
26. Marine Biotoxins: Emergence of Harmful Algal Blooms as Health Th reats to Marine
Wildlife • 374
Spencer E. Fire and Frances M. Van Dolah
27. Beluga from the St. Lawrence Estuary: A Case Study of Cancer and Polycyclic Aromatic
Hydrocarbons • 390
Daniel Martineau
part five | place-based conservation medicine
28. Sense and Serendipity: Conservation and Management of Bison in Canada • 409
Margo J. Pybus and Todd K. Shury
29. Pathogens, Parks, and People: Th e Role of Bovine Tuberculosis in South African
Conservation • 423
Claire Geoghegan
30. Disease Ecology and Conservation of Ungulates, Wild Rabbits, and the Iberian Lynx in
the Mediterranean Forest • 439
Fernando Martínez, Guillermo López, and Christian Gortázar
31. Th e Kibale EcoHealth Project: Exploring Connections Among Human Health, Animal
Health, and Landscape Dynamics in Western Uganda • 452
Tony L. Goldberg, Sarah B. Paige, and Colin A. Chapman
32. Conservation Medicine in Brazil: Case Studies of Ecological Health in
Practice • 466
Paulo Rogerio Mangini, Rodrigo Silva Pinto Jorge, Marcelo Renan de Deus Santos,
Claudia Filoni, Carlos Eduardo da Silva Verona, Alessandra Nava, Maria Fernanda
Vianna Marvulo, and Jean Carlos Ramos Silva
