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Series H: Cell Biology, Vol. 100
Springer
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Neurotransmitter Release
and Uptake
Edited by
$akire Pogun
Ege University. Center for Brain Research
Ege University School of Medicine
Department of Physiology
Bornova. 351 00 Izmir
Turkey
With 75 Figures
Springer
Published in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute "Neurotransmitter
Release and Uptake", held at Ku§adasl, Turkey, April 19-30, 1996
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data applied for
Die Deutsche Bibliothek -CIP-Einheitsaufnahme
Neurotransmitter release and uptake: [proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study
Institute "Neurotransmitter Release and Uptake", held at KU§Ildasl Turkey,
April 19 -30, 1996] I ed. by §akire pogon. Pub!. in cooperation with NATO
Scientific Affairs Division. -Berlin; Heidelberg; New York; Barcelona;
Budapest; Hong Kong; London; Milan ; Paris; Santa Clara; Singapore;
Tokyo: Springer, 1997
([NATO ASI series / H] ; Vol. 100)
NE: P08tm, §akirc [Hrsg.); Advanced Study Institute Neurotransmitter Release and Uptake
<1996, KU§8dasa>; NATO: NATO ASI series / H
ISBN-13: 978-3-642-64517-4 e-ISBN-13: 978-3-642-60704-2
001: 10.1007/978-3-642-60704-2
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is
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© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1997
Typesetting: Camera ready by authors/editor
Printed on acid-free paper
SPIN 10525531 31/3137-543210
Preface
A NATO Advanced Study Institute, co-sponsored by FEBS and TUBITAK on
"Neurotransmitter Release and Uptake" was held in Ku~adasl, Turkey, from 19-30
April, 1996. The aim of the Institute was to bring together researchers working on
the presynaptic events in transcellular communication. Even though release and
uptake processes are very complementary and physically in very close proximity,
researchers are usually are very focused on either one of these two aspects. This
Institute provided a very good and unique opportunity to get exposure to both topics
and the resulting book brings together two major presynaptic events which control
trans synaptic regulation.
The topics discussed during the meeting ranged from ultrastructure and molecular
control mechanisms to pathophysiology of some diseased states. Neuronal as well as
non-neuronal mechanisms were covered. The course started with lectures on
neurotransmitter release and continued with those on uptake and transporters. The
present volume is arranged along the same lines: Part I is devoted to
neurotransmitter release and Part II to neurotransmitter uptake. The concluding
chapter by 1.1. Furedy emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration
and provides a link between the events in the presynaptic terminal and behavior.
I thank all the lecturers and students for their participation and contributions, and
the scientific and local organizing committee members for their invaluable support.
Dr. Tulga Kalaycl helped with the formatting of the book with dedication and
deserves special recognition: r am grateful for his excellent assistance.
Sakire Pogiin
Contents
PART I: Neurotransmitter Release
Proteins Implicated in Neurotransmitter Release and Reuptake ........................ 3
H. Betz, V. O'Connor. T. Dresbach, L Pellegrini, K. Bommert, W. DeBello.
1. M. Hunt F. Schweizer. G. Augustine. M. P. Charlton. R. Adams, K. Sato.
A. W. POsche!. C. Sur and P. Schloss
Ion Channels in Transmitter Release ...................................................... 11
A. Meir. A. Butkevich. S. Demirgbren. N. Yakil' and R. Rahamimoff
Fluorescence and Confocal Microscopy .................................................... 3!)
Y. P. Tan
Calcium Confocal Microscopy of Single Synaptic Boutons ............................. 49
N. Melamed-Book and R. Rahamimoff
Practical Aspects of Near-Field Optical Microscopy .................................... 67
S. P. Marchese-Ragona and P. G. Haydon
The Mediatophore. A Molecule Involved in Quantal Neurotransmitter Release .... 79
Y. Dunant. A. Bloc. P Correges. 1. Falk-Vairant and E. Roulet
Stimulation of Exocytosis in Cultured Cerebellar Granule Cells
by Electrical Field Stimulation. . ....................... . . ................. 10 1
M. A. Cousin. H. Hurst. B. Held and D. G. Nicholls
Modulation of Synaptic NMDA Current by Hydrogen Ion and Histamine
in Hippocampal Slices .............. . ................................................. 119
H. Sayba~lh
Maturation of Pre-and Post -Synaptic Compartments
in Hippocampal Neurons Developing in Culture ...................................... 133
S Coco. C. Verderio. P Forbicini. A. Bacci and M. Matteoli
GABAB Receptor Control of Neurotranslllltter Release in Mammalian Brain:
Modification During Chronic Inflammation ............................. . 145
N. G. Bowery. M. Malcangio. H. Teoh
VIII
Phosphoproteins and the Regulation of Vesicular Neurotransmitter Release." ..... 155
1. 1. H. Hens. G. Hoogland. W-H. Gispcn. and P. N. E. De Graan
Acetylcholine Release From Mouse Neuroblastoma Cells Co-Transfected
with Mediatophore and Choline Acetyltransferase cDNAs ........................... 175
A. Bloc, E. Rouler. F. Loctin and Y. Dunant
Neurotransmitter Release: An Overview ................................................. 183
G. 1. Augustine
PART II: Neurotransmitter Uptake
The Vesicular and Plasmalemmal Dopamine Transporters:
Ultrastmctural Localization in Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Neurons ................ 193
M. 1. Nirenberg and V M. Pickel
Neurotransmitter Transporters: Is Glycosylation Necessary for Function? ......... 209
A. P. Patel
Dopamine Transporter: Function and Imaging ......................................... 221
M. J. Kuhar
Turnover of Rat Dopamine Transporter Protein in rDAT-LLC-PK 1 Cells ......... 231
A. P. PateL F.I. Carroll and M. 1. Kuhar
Neurotransporters at the Juncture of Dmg Action:
Role in Programmed Cell Death. and Toxicity of Abused MDMA .................. 237
R. Simantov
Voltammetric Studies on the Kinetics and Mechanism
of Catecholamine Transporters ........................................................... 249
1. B. Justice. Jr.. M. D. Bailey. E. L. Barker. and R. D. Blakely
Coupling of Glutamate Uptake and Degradation in Transmitter Clearance:
Anatomical Evidence ... . ..... '" ...................................... 263
A. Derouiche
Modulation of Neurotransmitter Uptake ................................................ 283
S. P6giin
Catalytic and Non-Catalytic Activities of Acetylcholinesterase
Implied from Transgenic ACHE Expression in Vertebrates .......................... 301
M. Sternfeld, S. Seidman. R. Beeri and H. Soreq
IX
Molecular Dissection of Protein Domains Directing the Tissue Targeting
of Acetylcholinesterase Isoforms... . ................................................ 309
M. Sternfeld. K Scla. S. Seidman. R. Timberg and H. Soreq
Interdisciplinary Interactions Across the Biobehavioral Divide:
A Pre-Socratic Perspective. . . ........................................ 317
1. J. Fured,
Subject Index ... . ....................... 327
Author Index. . ..................... 334
PART I: Neurotransmitter Release
Proteins Implicated in Neurotransmitter Release and
Reuptake
Heinrich Betzl, Vincent O'Connorl, Thomas Dresbachl, Lorenzo Pellegrinil. Kurt
Bommertl. William DeBell02. James M. Hunt2, Felix Schweizer", George
Augustine2, Milton P Charlton', Ralph Adamsl. Kohji Satol. Andreas W. Piischd.
Cyrille Sur! and Patrick Schlossl
Abteilung Neurochemie. Max-Planck-Institut fiir Hirnforschung, D-60S2R
1
Frankfurt. Federal Republic of Germany.
2Department of Neurobiology. Duke University Medical Center. Durham. North
Carolina 27710. USA
1Department of Physiology. University of Toronto. Ontario MSS lAS. Canada.
Abstract
Neurotransmitter release and reuptake are essentiell steps in the life-cycle of
neurotransmitters at the synapse. Biochemical evidence indicates that the exocytotic
release process involves both evolutionarily conserved membrane proteins, the
SNAREs, as well as ubiquitous cytosolie fusion proteins. NSF and SNAPs. We have
tested the physiological role of both SNAREs and SNAPs at the squid giant synapse.
Our data are consistent with both SNAPs and SNAREs having post-docking
functions in neurotransmitter exocytosis Analysis of the gene structure.
developmental expression and pharmacology of the glycine transporter GlyTI and
the serotonin transporter SERT I indicates a high diversity and complex regulation of
mammalian neurotransmitter uptake systems.
I Introduction
The regulated release and efficient reuptake of neurotransmitters at presynaptic
nerve terminals provide the elemental} processes, upon .vhich fast synaptic
transmission is based. Their high speed and efficiency are crucial for intercellular
communication on a millisecond time-scale. and changes in either release or
reuptake rates are thought to underlie both physiological changes in synaptic efficacy
as well as pathological alterations in neurotransmissiol1. The understanding of both
processes at the molecular level therefore constitutes a major goal of our research
efforts.
NATO AS! Series. Vol. H 100
Neurotransmitter Release and Uptake
Edited by ~akire Pogiin
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1997
