Neutron data for accelerator-driven transmutation technologies

256 Pages·2007·8.51 MB·English

R-06-120
Neutron data for accelerator-
driven transmutation technologies
Annual Report 2005/2006
J Blomgren, L Nilsson, P Mermod, N Olsson,
S Pomp, A Öhrn, M Österlund
Department of Neutron Research, Uppsala University
October 2006
Svensk Kärnbränslehantering AB
Swedish Nuclear Fuel
and Waste Management Co
Box 5864
SE-102 40 Stockholm Sweden
Tel [phone]
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ISSN 1402-3091
SKB Rapport R-06-120
Neutron data for accelerator-
driven transmutation technologies
Annual Report 2005/2006
J Blomgren, L Nilsson, P Mermod, N Olsson,
S Pomp, A Öhrn, M Österlund
Department of Neutron Research, Uppsala University
October 2006
This report concerns a study which was conducted for SKB. The conclusions
and viewpoints presented in the report are those of the authors and do not
necessarily coincide with those of the client.
A pdf version of this document can be downloaded from www.skb.se
Summary
The project NATT, Neutron data for Accelerator-driven Transmutation Technology, is performed
within the nuclear reactions group of the Department of Neutron Research, Uppsala University.
The activities of the group are directed towards experimental studies of nuclear reaction
probabilities of importance for various applications, like transmutation of nuclear waste,
biomedical effects and electronics reliability. The experimental work is primarily undertaken at
the The Svedberg Laboratory (TSL) in Uppsala, where the group is operating two world-unique
instruments, MEDLEY and SCANDAL.
Highlights from the past year:
• Uppsala hosted the Tenth International Symposium on Neutron Dosimetry in June 2006.
The conference is the largest in the world in the field.
• An EU project on nuclear data assessment for future reactors, including accelerator-driven
systems, has been approved. Jan Blomgren, INF, is project coordinator.
• A network of European facilities for nuclear data measurements has been established via
an EU Integrated Infrastructure Initiative. The neutron beam facility at TSL is one of nine
facilities involved.
• Within the project, one PhD exam has been awarded.
• The number of masters level students in nuclear engineering has increased dramatically,
and a course on nuclear power is presently the largest of all last-year engineering courses
at Uppsala University.

Sammanfattning
Projektet NATT, Neutrondata för Acceleratordriven Transmutationsteknik, bedrivs inom
kärnreaktionsgruppen vid institutionen för neutronforskning, Uppsala universitet. Gruppens
verksamhet är inriktad mot experimentella studier av kärnfysikaliska reaktionssannolikheter
för olika tillämpningsområden, som transmutation av kärnavfall, biomedicinska effekter och
tillförlitlighet hos elektronik. Den experimentella verksamheten bedrivs huvudsakligen vid
The Svedberglaboratoriet (TSL) i Uppsala, där gruppen driver två världsunika instrument,
MEDLEY och SCANDAL.
Höjdpunkter från det gångna verksamhetsåret:
• Uppsala stod värd i juni 2006 för det tionde internationella symposiet om neutrondosimetri.
Konferensen är världens största inom fältet.
• Ett EU-projekt om bedömning av kärndatabehoven för utveckling av framtida reaktorer,
inklusive acceleratordrivna system, har beviljats. Jan Blomgren, INF, är projektets
koordinator.
• Ett nätverk av europeiska faciliteter för kärndatamätningar har etablerats genom ett
EU-projekt (Integrerat infrastrukturinitiativ). Neutronanläggningen vid TSL är en av nio
involverade faciliteter.
• Inom projektet har en doktorand disputerat för doktorsexamen.
• Antalet grundutbildningsstudenter inom kärnkraft har ökat dramatiskt, och en kurs i kärn-
kraft är nu störst av alla sistaårskurser inom civilingenjörsprogrammen.

Contents
1 Background 9
1.1 The NATT project 9
2 Introduction 11
3 Experimental setup and techniques 1
.1 The TSL neutron beam facility 1
.2 The MEDLEY setup 1
. The SCANDAL setup 1
. Future activities 1
4 Results 17
.1 Elastic scattering 17
.2 (n,xlcp) reactions 19
. (n,xn’) reactions 19
. Tagged neutron-proton scattering 19
. Fission 19
5 International activities 21
.1 Collaborations 21
.2 Meetings and conferences 21
6 Administrative matters 2
6.1 Staff and students 2
6.2 Reference group 2
6. New project – NEXT 2
References 2
Appendices
I P Mermod, J Blomgren, B Bergenwall, A Hildebrand, C Johansson, J Klug,
L Nilsson, N Olsson, M Österlund, S Pomp, U Tippawan, O Jonsson,
A V Prokofiev, P-U Renberg, P Nadel-Turonski, Y Maeda, H Sakai,
A Tamii. Evidence for three-body force effects in neutron-deuteron
scattering at 9 MeV. Phys. Rev. C 72 (200) 061002(R). 27
II Yu Murin, J Aichelin, Ch Bargholtz, J Blomgren, A Budzanowski,
M Chubarov, B Czech, C Ekström, L Gerén, P Golubev, B Jakobsson,
A Kolozhvari, O Lozhkin, P Nomokonov, N Olsson, H Persson,
V Plyushchev, J Skwirczynska, H H K Tang, P-E Tegnér, L Westerberg,
I Zartova, M Zubkov, Y Watanabe. SEE-Related Studies at CELSIUS.
Proc. 6th Int. Conf. on Nuclear Physics at Storage Rings (STORI’0),
Bonn, Germany, 200, Materie und Material, FZ Jülich, eds.: D Chiladze,
A Kacharava and H Ströher, 0 (200) 1. 
III U Tippawan, S Pomp, A Atac, B Bergenwall, J Blomgren, S Dangtip,
A Hildebrand, C Johansson, J Klug, P Mermod, L Nilsson, M Österlund,
N Olsson, K Elmgren, O Jonsson, A V Prokofiev, P-U Renberg, P Nadel-
Turonski, V Corcalciuc, A Koning. Light-Ion Production in the Interaction
of 96 MeV Neutrons with Oxygen. Phys. Rev. C. 7 (2006) 0611. 7
IV U Tippawan, S Pomp, A Atac, B Bergenwall, J Blomgren, S Dangtip,
A Hildebrand, C Johansson, J Klug, P Mermod, L Nilsson, M Österlund,
N Olsson, K Elmgren, O Jonsson, A V Prokofiev, P-U Renberg, P Nadel-
Turonski, V Corcalciuc, Y Watanabe, A Koning. Erratum: Light-Ion
Production in the Interaction of 96 MeV Neutrons with Silicon,
[Phys. Rev. C 69 (200) 06609]. Phys. Rev. C. 7 (2006) 09902(E). 9

V I V Ryzhov, G A Tutin, A G Mitryukhin, S M Soloviev, J Blomgren,
P-U Renberg, J-P Meulders, Y El Masri, Th Keutgen, R Preels, R Nolte.
Measurement of neutron-induced fission cross sections of 20Tl,
20,206,207,207Pb and 209Bi with a multi-section Frisch-gridded ionization
chamber. Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 62 (2006) 9. 1
VI J Blomgren. Experimental neutron data above 20 MeV: What can be
done? What should be done? Proceedings of Perspectives on Nuclear
Data for the Next Decade, Bruyères-le-Châtel, France, September 26–28,
200 (invited). 61
VII A V Prokofiev, S Pomp, J Blomgren, O Byström, C Ekström, D Reistad,
U Tippawan, D Wessman, V Ziemann, M Österlund. A new neutron
facility for SEE testing. 8th European Conference on Radiation and its
Effects on Components and systems, 200 (accepted). 69
VIII J Blomgren. Reference cross sections relevant for neutron detectors.
International workshop on Fast Neutron Detectors and Applications,
Cape Town, South Africa, April –6, 2006 (invited). Proceedings of
Science, PoS(FNDA2006)089. 109
IX J Blomgren, P Mermod, L Nilsson, S Pomp, A Öhrn, M Österlund,
A V Prokofiev, U Tippawan, J F Lecolley, F R Lecolley, N Marie-Noury.
SCANDAL – a facility for elastic neutron scattering studies in the
0–10 MeV range. International workshop on Fast Neutron Detectors
and Applications, Cape Town, South Africa, April –6, 2006. Proceedings
of Science, PoS(FNDA2006)02. 8
X J Blomgren, M Habib. Fast-neutron diagnostics for transmutation in
accelerator-driven systems. International workshop on Fast Neutron
Detectors and Applications, Cape Town, South Africa, April –6, 2006.
Proceedings of Science, PoS(FNDA2006)068. 89
XI J Blomgren. Fast neutron beams – Prospects for the coming decade.
International workshop on Fast Neutron Detectors and Applications,
Cape Town, South Africa, April –6, 2006. Proceedings of Science,
PoS(FNDA2006)022. 9
XII J Blomgren. Neutron diagnostics for void monitoring in boiling water
reactors. International workshop on Fast Neutron Detectors and
Applications, Cape Town, South Africa, April –6, 2006. Proceedings
of Science, PoS(FNDA2006)01. 101
XIII P Mermod, J Blomgren, L Nilsson, A Öhrn, M Österlund, S Pomp, A Prokofiev,
U Tippawan. Fast neutron scattering on carbon and oxygen. International
workshop on Fast Neutron Detectors and Applications, Cape Town, South
Africa, April –6, 2006. Proceedings of Science, PoS(FNDA2006)071. 109
XIV A Öhrn, Blomgren, H Park, S Khurana, R Nolte, D Schmidt, K Wilhelmsen.
A monitor for neutron flux measurements up to 20 MeV. International
workshop on Fast Neutron Detectors and Applications, Cape Town, South
Africa, April –6, 2006. Proceedings of Science, PoS(FNDA2006)08. 117
XV M Österlund, J Blomgren, J Donnard, A Flodin, J Gustafsson, M Hayashi,
P Mermod, L Nilsson, S Pomp, L Wallin, A Öhrn, A V Prokofiev.
Tomography of canisters for spent nuclear fuel. International workshop
on Fast Neutron Detectors and Applications, Cape Town, South Africa,
April –6, 2006. Proceedings of Science, PoS(FNDA2006)00. 12
XVI M Österlund, J Blomgren, M Hayashi, P Mermod, L Nilsson, S Pomp,
A Öhrn, A V Prokofiev, U Tippawan. Elastic neutron scattering studies
at 96 MeV for transmutation. International workshop on Fast Neutron
Detectors and Applications, Cape Town, South Africa, April –6, 2006.
Proceedings of Science, PoS(FNDA2006)07. 11
6
XVII S Pomp, V Blideanu, J Blomgren, Ph Eudes, A Guertin, F Haddad,
C Johansson, J Klug, Ch Le Brun, F R Lecolley, J F Lecolley, T Lefort,
M Louvel, N Marie, A Prokofiev, U Tippawan, A Öhrn, M Österlund.
Neutron-induced light ion production from Fe, Pb and U at 96 MeV.
International workshop on Fast Neutron Detectors and Applications,
Cape Town, South Africa, April –6, 2006. Proceedings of Science,
PoS(FNDA2006)078. 17
XVIII S Pomp, J Blomgren, M Hayashi, P Mermod, L Nilsson, A Öhrn, N Olsson,
M Österlund, A Prokofiev, U Tippawan. Light-ion production and fission
studies using the MEDLEY facility at TSL. International workshop on Fast
Neutron Detectors and Applications, Cape Town, South Africa, April –6,
2006. Proceedings of Science, PoS(FNDA2006)001. 1
XIX A V Prokofiev, S Pomp, J Blomgren, O Byström, C Ekström, D Reistad,
U Tippawan, D Wessman, V Ziemann, M Österlund. A new neutron beam
facility at TSL. International workshop on Fast Neutron Detectors and
Applications, Cape Town, South Africa, April –6, 2006. Proceedings
of Science, PoS(FNDA2006)016. 11
XX U Tippawan, S Pomp, A Atac, B Bergenwall, J Blomgren, S Dangtip,
A Hildebrand, C. Johansson, J Klug, P Mermod, L Nilsson, M Österlund,
N Olsson, A V Prokofiev, P Nadel-Turonski, V Corcalciuc, A J Koning.
Light charged particle production in 96 MeV neutron-induced reactions
on oxygen. International workshop on Fast Neutron Detectors and
Applications, Cape Town, South Africa, April –6, 2006. Proceedings
of Science, PoS(FNDA2006)079. 17
XXI I Sagrado Garcia, G Ban, V Blideanu, J Blomgren, P Eudes, J M Fontbonne,
Y Foucher, A Guertin, F Haddad, L Hay, A Hildebrand, G Iltis, C Le Brun,
F R Lecolley, J F Lecolley, J L Lecouey, T Lefort, N Marie, N Olsson,
S Pomp, M Österlund, A Prokofiev, J-C Steckmeyer. A Novel Fast Neutron
Detector for Nuclear Data Measurements. International workshop on Fast
Neutron Detectors and Applications, Cape Town, South Africa, April –6,
2006. Proceedings of Science, PoS(FNDA2006)009. 167
XXII J Blomgren. Neutron Cross Sections Above 20 MeV for Design and
Modeling of ADS. Workshop on physics of ADS for energy and
transmutation, Jaipur, India, January 2–2, 2006 (invited). 17
XXIII J Blomgren. Fast neutron beams – Prospects for the coming decade.
Tenth International Symposium on Neutron Dosimetry, Uppsala, Sweden,
June 12–16, 2006 (accepted for publication in Radiat. Prot. Dosim.). 179
XXIV P Mermod, J Blomgren, L Nilsson, S Pomp, A Öhrn, M Österlund,
A Prokofiev, U Tippawan. Precision measurement of the np scattering
differential cross section in the intermediate energy region. Tenth
International Symposium on Neutron Dosimetry, Uppsala, Sweden,
June 12–16, 2006 (accepted for publication in Radiat. Prot. Dosim.). 18
XXV P Mermod, J Blomgren, L Nilsson, S Pomp, A Öhrn, M Österlund,
A Prokofiev, U Tippawan. Kerma coefficients for neutron scattering
on 12C and 16O at 96 MeV. Tenth International Symposium on Neutron
Dosimetry, Uppsala, Sweden, June 12–16, 2006 (accepted for
publication in Radiat. Prot. Dosim.). 187
XXVI M Österlund, J Blomgren, M Hayashi, P Mermod, L Nilsson, S Pomp,
A Öhrn, A V Prokofiev, U Tippawan. Elastic neutron scattering studies
at 96 MeV. Tenth International Symposium on Neutron Dosimetry,
Uppsala, Sweden, June 12–16, 2006 (accepted for publication in
Radiat. Prot. Dosim.). 191
7
XXVII S Pomp, J Blomgren, C Johansson, J Klug, A Öhrn, M Österlund,
V Blideanu, F R Lecolley, J F Lecolley, T Lefort, M Louvel, N Marie,
Ph Eudes, A Guertin, F Haddad, Ch Le Brun, A Prokofiev, U Tippawan.
Neutron-induced light-ion production from Fe, Pb and U at 96 MeV.
Tenth International Symposium on Neutron Dosimetry, Uppsala, Sweden,
June 12–16, 2006 (accepted for publication in Radiat. Prot. Dosim.). 19
XXVIII U Tippawan, S Dangtip, S Pomp, A Ataç, B Bergenwall, J Blomgren,
C Johansson, J Klug, P Mermod, L Nilsson, N Olsson, A Öhrn,
M Österlund, A Prokofiev, P Nadel-Turonski, V Corcalciuc, A J Koning.
Light charged-particle production in 96 MeV neutron-induced reactions
on carbon and oxygen. Tenth International Symposium on Neutron
Dosimetry, Uppsala, Sweden, June 12–16, 2006 (accepted for
publication in Radiat. Prot. Dosim.). 20
XXIX A Öhrn, J Blomgren, H Park, S Khurana, R Nolte, D Schmidt,
K Wilhelmsen. A monitor for neutron flux measurements up to 20 MeV.
Tenth International Symposium on Neutron Dosimetry, Uppsala, Sweden,
June 12–16, 2006 (accepted for publication in Radiat. Prot. Dosim.). 207
XXX P Bilski, J Blomgren, A Esposito, F d’Errico, G Fehrenbacher, F Fernàndez,
A Fuchs, N Golnik, V Lacoste, A Leuschner, S Sandri, M Silari, F Spurny,
B Wiegel, P Wright. Complex radiation fields at workplaces at European
high-energy accelerators and fusion facilities. Tenth International Symposium
on Neutron Dosimetry, Uppsala, Sweden, June 12–16, 2006 (accepted for
publication in Radiat. Prot. Dosim.). 211
XXXI A V Prokofiev, O Byström, C Ekström, D Reistad, V Ziemann, J Blomgren,
S Pomp, M Österlund, U Tippawan. A New Neutron Beam Facility at TSL.
Tenth International Symposium on Neutron Dosimetry, Uppsala, Sweden,
June 12–16, 2006 (accepted for publication in Radiat. Prot. Dosim.). 221
XXXII J Blomgren, S Pomp, M Weiszflog. Laboratory work – Not just a necessary
evil? SEFI (European Society for Engineering Education) th Annual
Conference, Uppsala, Sweden, June 28–July 1, 2006 (accepted). 229
XXXIII J Blomgren, F Moons, P De Regge, J Safieh. European Nuclear Education
Network. SEFI (European Society for Engineering Education) th Annual
Conference, Uppsala, Sweden, June 28–July 1, 2006 (accepted). 27
XXXIV J Blomgren. Education for the nuclear power industry – Swedish
perspective. SEFI (European Society for Engineering Education) th
Annual Conference, Uppsala, Sweden, June 28–July 1, 2006 (accepted). 29
XXXV M Österlund. Using spreadsheets to promote student understanding of
dynamic systems. SEFI (European Society for Engineering Education) th
Annual Conference, Uppsala, Sweden, June 28–July 1, 2006 (accepted). 27
XXXVI T Lefvert (chair). Summary record of the 1th meeting of the executive
group of the nuclear science committee, Paris, May 1, 2006. 267
8
1 Background
1.1 The NATT project
The present project, Neutron data for Accelerator-driven Transmutation Technology (NATT),
supported as a research task agreement by Statens Kärnkraftinspektion (SKI), Svensk
Kärnbränslehantering AB (SKB), Ringhalsverket AB and Totalförsvarets forskningsinstitut
(FOI), started 2002-07-01. The primary objective from the supporting organizations is to pro-
mote research and research education of relevance for development of the national competence
within nuclear energy.
The aim of the project is in short to:
• promote development of the competence within nuclear physics and nuclear technology
by supporting licenciate and PhD students,
• advance the international research front regarding fundamental nuclear data within the
presently highlighted research area accelerator-driven transmutation,
• strengthen the Swedish influence within the mentioned research area by expanding the
international contact network,
• provide a platform for Swedish participation in relevant EU projects,
• monitor the international development for the supporting organizations,
• constitute a basis for Swedish participation in the nuclear data activities at IAEA and
OECD/NEA.
The project is operated by the Department of Neutron Research (INF) at Uppsala University,
and is utilizing the unique neutron beam facility at the The Svedberg Laboratory (TSL) at
Uppsala University.
In this document, we give a status report after the fourth year (200-07-01–2006-06-0) of
the project.
9
2 Introduction
Transmutation techniques in accelerator-driven systems (ADS) involve high-energy neutrons,
created in the proton-induced spallation of a heavy target nucleus. The existing nuclear data
libraries developed for reactors of today go up to about 20 MeV, which covers all available
energies for that application; but with a spallator coupled to a core, neutrons with energies up to
1–2 GeV will be present. Although a large majority of the neutrons will be below 20 MeV, the
relatively small fraction at higher energies still has to be characterized. Above about 200 MeV,
direct reaction models work reasonably well, while at lower energies nuclear distortion plays a
non-trivial role. This makes the 20–200 MeV region most important for new experimental cross
section data /Blomgren 2002, 200/.
Ten years ago, very little high-quality neutron-induced data existed in this energy domain.
Only the total cross section /Finlay et al. 199/ and the np scattering cross section had been
investigated extensively. Besides this, there were data on neutron elastic scattering from UC
Davis at 6 MeV on a few nuclei /Hjort et al. 199/. Programmes to measure neutron elastic
scattering had been proposed or begun at Los Alamos /Osborne et al. 200/ and IUCF /Finlay
et al. 1992/, with the former resulting in a publication on data on a few nuclei.
The situation was similar for (n,xp) reactions, where programmes have been run at UC Davis
/Ford et al. 1989/, Los Alamos /Rapaport and Sugarbaker 199/, TRIUMF /Alford and Spicer
1998/ and TSL Uppsala /Olsson 199, Blomgren 1997/, but with limited coverage in secondary
particle energy and angle. Better coverage had been obtained by the Louvain-la-Neuve group
up to 70 MeV /Slypen et al. 199/.
Thus, there was an urgent need for neutron-induced cross section data in the region around
100 MeV, which is an area where very few facilities in the world can give contributions.
By international collaboration within an EU supported Concerted Action, which has been
followed by the full scale projects HINDAS and EUROTRANS, the level of ambition for the
present project has been increased, and the potential of the unique neutron beam facility at
The Svedberg Laboratory in Uppsala has been well exploited.
During the last few years, the situation has improved dramatically, especially due to the
HINDAS activities. At present, the nuclear data situation for ADS applications is relatively
satisfactory up to 100 MeV. At 100 MeV, the hitherto most common energy at TSL, there are
elastic neutron scattering data, neutron-induced light ion production data, neutron-induced
activation, and fission cross sections available, in all cases on a series of nuclei. Some results
have been published already, and there is a wealth of data under analysis and documentation.
The present report will present some glimpses of this ongoing work.
Looking into the future, it can be envisioned that the coming –10 years will be devoted to
similar activities at higher energies, i.e. up to 180 MeV, which is the highest neutron energy
available at TSL. This has been made possible by the development of a new neutron beam
facility, which is described below.
11