Neutrinos in Physics and Astrophysics

237 Pages·2023·16.784 MB·English

by  Esteban Roulet, Francesco Vissani

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Published by
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Library of Congress Control Number: 2022946217
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
NEUTRINOS IN PHYSICS AND ASTROPHYSICS
Copyright © 2023 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.
All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form or by any means,
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is not required from the publisher.
ISBN 978-981-126-093-3 (hardcover)
ISBN 978-981-126-094-0 (ebook for institutions)
ISBN 978-981-126-095-7 (ebook for individuals)
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To our families
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B1948 Governing Asia
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Preface
Thisbookaimstobeapedagogicalapproachtothefieldofneutrinophysics
and astrophysics. It should be useful to both graduate students and re-
searchers in the field, and it may as well be useful as material for a course
about the topics covered. It has indeed evolved from several lectures and
coursesthatwegaveatUniversitiesandresearchinstitutionsovertheyears,
aswellasfromthereviewarticleswehavewritteninthepastonthesesub-
jects.
Theneutrinoresearchisincontinuousprogressandcoversaverybroad
rangeoftopics. Wehavetriedtodiscussthosethatarewellestablishedand
to describe also the main developments which are expected in the near fu-
tureinthedifferentareasatthefrontierofthefield. Besidesdescribingthe
main laboratory studies of neutrinos from reactors and accelerators, which
allowed to learn about neutrino interactions and oscillations, as well as the
direct searches of neutrino masses using beta (and double-beta) decays of
radioactive nuclei, we gave special emphasis to the natural sources of neu-
trinos in the cosmos. In particular, we considered the geoneutrinos from
theradioactivityoftheEarth,thosefromfusionreactionsintheSun,those
from supernova explosions as well as those produced by cosmic rays when
theyinteractinouratmosphereorwithgasorphotontargetstheytraverse
intheirsourcesorduringtheirpropagation. Thehigh-energyastrophysical
neutrinos have been detected in recent years and they have opened a new
window to observe the Universe, which has strong connections with cosmic
ray and gamma ray astronomies. We have also briefly considered the neu-
trino background left over from the hot early Universe and its impact on
big bang nucleosynthesis and on the large scale structure formation. Fi-
nally, we discussed the basics of baryogenesis through leptogenesis, which
provides a very attractive connection between the neutrinos and the origin
vii
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viii Neutrinos in Physics and Astrophysics
of the observed matter-antimatter asymmetry of the Universe.
Wehaveincludedattheendofthedifferentchaptersafewrecommended
readings as a guidance to some of the many books and specialised review
articlesthatcouldbeusefultodeepenthestudyofthedifferenttopics. We
have in general made reference in the text to the more historical works as
wellastothearticlesmoredirectlyrelatedwiththeexpositionfollowedbut,
giventhehugeamountofworkswrittenonthesubjectscovered,whichcan
becountedbythethousands,wehavenotbeenabletobeexhaustiveinthe
citationsincluded. Wehenceapologizeinadvanceforthepossibleomissions
of relevant works. We have also included at the end of the chapters a few
suggested exercises that may be useful to follow some of the derivations of
the expressions discussed in the text and also to consolidate the knowledge
gained about the topics discussed.
We want to thank our many collaborators, students and colleagues
which helped us to learn and develop the field, including G. Battistoni,
J. Candia, L. Covi, A. Capone, E. Cappellaro, S.R. Dugad, A. Esmaili, W.
Fulgione, A. Gallo Rosso, G. Gelmini, G. Giudice, P. Gondolo, A. Ianni,
P. Lipari, C. Mascaretti, S. Mollerach, E. Nardi, Y. Nir, A. Palladino, J.
Racker, C. Righi, N. Rius, K. Rozwadowska, G. Sigl, A.Yu. Smirnov, M.
Spurio, O. Straniero, A. Strumia, F. Tavecchio, D. Tommasini, D. Vescovi,
C. Volpe and V. Zema.
Esteban Roulet and Francesco Vissani, April 2022