Neurotrauma and Critical Care of the Brain

434 Pages·2018·9.59 MB·English

by  Jack Jallo, MD, PhD

Jallo and Loftus, Neurotrauma and Critical Care of the Brain, 2nd Ed. (ISBN 978-1-62623-336-2),
copyright © 2018 Thieme Medical Publishers. All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license.
Jallo and Loftus, Neurotrauma and Critical Care of the Brain, 2nd Ed. (ISBN 978-1-62623-336-2),
copyright © 2018 Thieme Medical Publishers. All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license.
Jallo and Loftus, Neurotrauma and Critical Care of the Brain, 2nd Ed. (ISBN 978-1-62623-336-2),
copyright © 2018 Thieme Medical Publishers. All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license.
Neurotrauma and Critical Care of the Brain
Second Edition
Jack Jallo, MD, PhD
Professor and Vice Chair for Academic Services
Director, Division of Neurotrauma and Critical Care
Department of Neurological Surgery
Thomas Jefferson University
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Christopher M. Loftus, MD
Professor of Neurosurgery
Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
107 illustrations
Thieme
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Jallo and Loftus, Neurotrauma and Critical Care of the Brain, 2nd Ed. (ISBN 978-1-62623-336-2),
copyright © 2018 Thieme Medical Publishers. All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license.
ExecutiveEditor:TimothyY.Hiscock Importantnote:Medicineisanever-changingscienceundergo-
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Subjects: | MESH: Brain Injuries, Traumatic–diagnosis | Brain cation,erratawillbepostedatwww.thieme.comontheproduct
Injuries,Traumatic–therapy|CriticalCare–methods descriptionpage.
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Jallo and Loftus, Neurotrauma and Critical Care of the Brain, 2nd Ed. (ISBN 978-1-62623-336-2),
copyright © 2018 Thieme Medical Publishers. All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license.
Contents
Foreword ........................................................................................ viii
Preface............................................................................................ ix
Contributors....................................................................................... x
PartI: Introduction
1. BrainTraumaandCriticalCare:ABriefHistory................................................. 1
NinoStocchettiandTommasoZoerle
2. TheEpidemiologyofTraumaticBrainInjuryintheUnitedStatesandTheWorld........... 7
VictorG.Coronado,R.SterlingHaring,ThomasLarrew,andVivianaCoronado
3. TheClassificationofTraumaticBrainInjury ................................................... 29
VijayM.RavindraandGregoryW.J.Hawryluk
PartII: Science
4. PathophysiologyofTraumaticBrainInjury.................................................... 34
IgnacioJusue-TorresandRossBullock
5. BloodBiomarkers:WhatisNeededintheTraumaticBrainInjuryField?.................... 49
TanyaBogoslovsky,JessicaGill,AndreasJeromin,andRamonDiaz-Arrastia
6. NoninvasiveNeuromonitoringinSevereTraumaticBrainInjury ............................ 60
HuyTran,MarkKrasberg,EdwinM.Nemoto,andHowardYonas
7. MultimodalityMonitoringinNeurocriticalCare .............................................. 68
BhuvaneshGovind,SyedOmarShah,ShoichiShimomato,andJackJallo
8. BrainInjuryImaging............................................................................. 81
VaheM.Zohrabian,PaulAnthonyCedeño,andAdamE.Flanders
PartIII: Management
9. PrehospitalCareforPatientswithTraumaticBrainInjury.................................... 99
ColeT.Lewis,KeithAllenKerr,andRyanSeijiKitagawa
10. AssessmentofAcuteLossofConsciousness................................................. 106
T.ForchtDagi
11. GuidelinesApplicationforTraumaticBrainInjury........................................... 124
PeterLeRoux
12. MildBrainInjury ............................................................................... 151
BrianD.Sindelar,VimalPatel,andJulianE.Bailes
13. ModerateTraumaticBrainInjury............................................................. 162
AmritChiluwalandJamieS.Ullman
Jallo and Loftus, Neurotrauma and Critical Care of the Brain, 2nd Ed. (ISBN 978-1-62623-336-2), v
copyright © 2018 Thieme Medical Publishers. All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license.
Contents
14. SevereTraumaticBrainInjury................................................................. 170
ShellyD.Timmons
15. WartimePenetratingInjuries................................................................. 185
KyleMueller,RandyS.Bell,DanielFelbaum,JasonE.McGowan,andRoccoA.Armonda
16. GuidelinesfortheSurgicalManagementofTraumaticBrainiInjury ...................... 199
MichaelKarsyandGregoryW.J.Hawryluk
17. ConcomitantInjuriesintheBrain-injuredPatient........................................... 218
KathrynS.Hoes,AnkurR.Patel,VinShenBan,andChristopherJ.Madden
18. PediatricBrainInjury .......................................................................... 233
AndrewVivas,AyshaAlsahlawi,NirShimony,andGeorgeJallo
PartIV: CriticalCare
19. NeurologicalCriticalCare ..................................................................... 246
RuchiraJhaandLoriShutter
20. FluidsResuscitationandTraumaticBrainInjury............................................. 262
MatthewVibbertandAktaPatel
21. SedationandAnalgesiainTraumaticBrainInjury........................................... 273
MatthewVibbertandJohnW.Liang
22. MechanicalVentilationandPulmonaryCriticalCare ....................................... 281
MitchellD.Jacobs,MichaelBaram,andBharatAwsare
23. NutritionSupportinBrainInjury ............................................................. 300
StephanieDobakandFredRincon
24. CardiovascularComplicationsofTraumaticBrianInjury ................................... 312
NicholasC.Cavarocchi,MustaphaA.Ezzeddine,andAdnanI.Qureshi
25. ParoxysmalSympatheticHyperactivity...................................................... 318
JacquelineUrtechoandRuchiraJha
26. VenousThromboembolismProphylaxisintheNeurocriticalCarePopulation............ 323
TakiGalanisandGenoJ.Merli
27. TraumaticBrainInjuryandInfection ......................................................... 328
DavidSlottje,NormanAjiboye,andM.KamranAthar
28. TargetedTemperatureManagementinAcuteTraumaticBrainInjury .................... 349
JacquelineKraft,AnnaKarpenko,andFredRincon
PartV: Outcome
29. NeurorehabilitationafterBrainInjury........................................................ 352
BlessenC.Eapen,XinLi,RebeccaN.Tapia,AjitB.Pai,andDavidX.Cifu
30. PrognosisforTraumaticBrainInjury ........................................................ 371
AndrewJ.GardnerandRossD.Zafonte
vi Jallo and Loftus, Neurotrauma and Critical Care of the Brain, 2nd Ed. (ISBN 978-1-62623-336-2),
copyright © 2018 Thieme Medical Publishers. All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license.
Contents
PartVI: Socioeconomics
31. Ethics:LifeandDeathChoicesforTraumaticBrainInjury.................................. 387
PaulJ.Ford,BrynS.Esplin,andAbhishekDeshpande
32. CostofTraumaticBrainInjuriesintheUnitedStatesandtheReturnonHelmet
Investments .................................................................................... 395
BruceA.Lawrence,JeanA.Orman,TedR.Miller,RebeccaS.Spicer,andDeliaHendrie
Index...................................................................................................... 408
Jallo and Loftus, Neurotrauma and Critical Care of the Brain, 2nd Ed. (ISBN 978-1-62623-336-2), vii
copyright © 2018 Thieme Medical Publishers. All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license.
Foreword
Thereisnogreaterpleasureforanacademicthantoseehis uation of intracranial hematomas, the growth of trauma
student follow in his footsteps and ultimately to surpass centers,neurocriticalcare,andneurorehabilitation,andthe
him(Imustadmitsomemixedfeelingsaboutthelatter!).I effectofevidence-basedmanagementguidelines.Itishigh-
amthereforedelightedtohavetheprivilegeofwritingthis lyunlikelythatanysingledrugwillexceedthecumulative
briefforewordtoabookthatmyformerresidentJackJallo, effect of these diverse interventions. While it remains
MD,hasco-editedwithChrisLoftus,MD.Thisbookbrings importanttocontinuethesearchforagentsthatcanmod-
togethermanyofthecurrentthoughtleadersinthefieldof ulatethemanybiochemicalcascadesthataresetinmotion
traumaticbraininjuryandbydoingsoprovidesuswithan bytraumaticbraininjury,itisimportanttousethemany
easy-to-accessandvaluableresource. toolsthatwealreadyhaveavailabletous.
Whileitistruethatwedonotyethaveasingleagentthat Thediversedisciplinesthatimpactthecareandoutcome
has been proven to improve the outcomefrom traumatic ofthehead-injuredpatientareconciselypresentedinthis
braininjury,thereislittledoubtthattheoutcomesfromthis beautiful volume. It will no doubt serve as avery helpful
common and often devastating condition have improved starting point for the newcomer to the field, as well as a
substantiallyoverthepastthreedecades.Inthe1970sthe convenient source of up-to-date information for the sea-
mortalityassociatedwithsevereTBI—eventreatedinsome sonedneuro-traumatologist.
ofthebestcenters—wasapproximately50percent.Several
current series report mortalities of 30 percent or less. RajK.Narayan,MD
Furthermore,thequalityofneurologicrecoveryamongthe ProfessorandChairman
survivorsisalsobetter. DepartmentofNeurosurgery
Thesedramaticimprovementscanonlybeascribedtoa Director,NorthwellNeuroscienceInstitute
combination of factors,including the introduction of seat TheZuckerSchoolofMedicineatHofstra/Northwell
belts and air bags, better rescue squads, more effective Manhasset,NewYork
monitoringtechnologies,earlierCTscanning,promptevac-
viii Jallo and Loftus, Neurotrauma and Critical Care of the Brain, 2nd Ed. (ISBN 978-1-62623-336-2),
copyright © 2018 Thieme Medical Publishers. All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license.