Neurological Rehabilitation: Spasticity and Contractures in Clinical Practice and Research

312 Pages·2017·10.51 MB·English

by  Anand D. Pandyan

Neurological
Rehabilitation
Spasticity and Contractures in
Clinical Practice and Research
Rehabilitation Science in Practice Series
Series Editors

Marcia J. Scherer, PhD

Institute for Matching Person and Technology
Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
PresidentU,niversity of Rochester Medical Center
Professor, ,
Dave Muller, PhD
U niversity of Suffolk
Visiting ProfeDssisoarb, ility and Rehabilitati on
Past and Founding C Ihpasiwr iocfh C Cheanmtrbael rL todf .Commerce
Editor-in-Chief,
Director,
Paediatric Rehabilitation Engineering edited by
Tom Chau and Jillian Fairley
Quality of Life Technology Handbook :R Ficrhoamrd D Siscahbuilltizty to Possibility,
Computer Access for People wi th Disabilities
Richard C. Simpson ,
Computer Systems Experiences of Users with: aAn Hd uWmiathn oFuatc tDoirssa Abpilpitrioeasch,
Simone Borsci, Maria Laura Mele,
Masaaki Kurosu, and Stefano Federici : An
RethiEnvkailnuga tRioenh Gabuiidliet afotiro Pnrofessionals, edited by Kathryn McPherson,
Barbara E. Gibson, and Alain Leplège
Human-Computer Interfac:e T Theecohryn oanlodg Pieras cftoicre t,h e Motor Impaired edited by
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Rehabilitation Barbara E. Gibson ,
Wheelchair Skills Assessment and Training R. Lee Kirby
Robotic Assisti:v Ae PToescth-Cnroitliocgaile Aspproach, ed ited by Pedro Encarnção
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Geriatric Rehabilitation : Principles and Practeidciet,e d by K. Rao Poduri, MD,
FAAPMR
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Neurological Rehabilitation: Spasticity and Contractures in C,l inical Practice and
Research edited by Anand D. Pandy an, Hermie J. Hermens, Bernard A. Conway

,
Neurological
Rehabilitation
Spasticity and Contractures in
Clinical Practice and Research
Edited by
Anand D. Pandyan
Hermie J. Hermens
Bernard A. Conway
CRC Press
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Library of Congress Cataloging‑in‑Publication Data
Names: Pandyan, Anand, editor. | Hermens, Hermie J., editor. | Conway,
Bernard A., editor.
Title: Neurological rehabilitation : spasticity and contractures in clinical
practice and research / [edited by] Anand Pandyan, Hermie J. Hermens, and
Bernard A. Conway.
Other titles: Neurological rehabilitation (Pandyan) | Rehabilitation science
in practice series.
Description: Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, 2018. |
Series: Rehabilitation science in practice series | Includes
bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2017058710| ISBN 9781466565449 (hardback : alk. paper) |
ISBN 9781315374369 (ebook)
Subjects: | MESH: Muscle Spasticity--therapy | Contracture--therapy |
Neurological Rehabilitation
Classification: LCC RC935.S64 | NLM WE 550 | DDC 616.85/6--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017058710
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at
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and the CRC Press Web site at
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Contents
Editors ....................................................................................................................vii
Contributors ............................................................................................................ix
1. Definition and Measurement of Spasticity and Contracture ................1
Anand D. Pandyan, Bernard A. Conway, Hermie J. Hermens
and Garth R. Johnson
2. Pathophysiology of Spasticity ....................................................................25
Jens Bo Nielsen, Maria Willerslev-Olsen and Jakob Lorentzen
3. Functional Problems in Spastic Patients Are Not Caused
by Spasticity but by Disordered Motor Control ....................................59
Jakob Lorentzen, Maria Willerslev-Olsen, Thomas Sinkjær
and Jens Bo Nielsen
4. The Clinical Management of Spasticity and Contractures
in Cerebral Palsy ...........................................................................................79
Andrew Roberts
5. Clinical Management of Spasticity and Contractures in Stroke ......101
Judith F. M. Fleuren, Jaap H. Buurke and Alexander C. H. Geurts
6. Clinical Management of Spasticity and Contractures in Spinal
Cord Injury ..................................................................................................135
Martin Schubert and Volker Dietz
7. Clinical Management of Spasticity and Contractures
in Multiple Sclerosis ..................................................................................175
Lorna Paul and Paul Mattison
8. Clinical Assessment and Management of Spasticity
and Contractures in Traumatic Brain Injury ........................................203
Gerard E. Francisco and Sheng Li
9. Hereditary Spastic Paraparesis and Other Hereditary
Myelopathies ...............................................................................................235
Jon Marsden, Lisa Bunn, Amanda Denton
and Krishnan Padmakumari Sivaraman Nair
Index .....................................................................................................................289
v
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Editors
Anand D. Pandyan, PhD, is Professor for Rehabilitation Technology and
Head of the School of Health & Rehabilitation at Keele University. He origi-
nally trained as a bioengineer and has a special interest in neurological
rehabilitation, clinically usable measurement and applied clinical research.
His interest in spasticity started during his PhD study (Bioengineering Unit,
University of Strathclyde, Glasgow) and he completed a five-year postdoc-
toral training period at the Centre for Rehabilitation and Engineering Studies
(CREST), Newcastle upon Tyne (with Professors Garth Johnson and Michael
[Mike] Barnes) exploring the phenomenon of spasticity in stroke. His cur-
rent portfolio of research projects, carried out in partnership with therapists
and local clinicians, is aimed at: developing a better understanding of the
pathophysiological basis of spasticity and its impact on people with upper
motor neurone lesions; identifying the therapeutic benefits (and mecha-
nisms of action) associated with treatment involving electrical stimulation;
and exploring the effects of early antispasticity treatment and studying their
long-term impacts. Much of his current research is focussed on neurological
patients with severe levels of disability.
Hermie J. Hermens, PhD, earned his master’s in Biomedical Engineering at
the University of Twente. His PhD, on surface EMG modelling, processing
and clinical applications, was also undertaken at the University of Twente,
and he subsequently became Professor of Neuromuscular Control at the
same institution. He was the initiator and coordinator of the SENIAM project,
which resulted in a broadly accepted worldwide standard on surface EMG
electrode properties and their placement on the muscles. He was, together
with Anand D. Pandyan, actively involved in the European SPASM project,
which resulted in important new insights into the definition of spasticity and
procedures and methods for assessing spasticity in a quantitative way.
Dr. Hermens was co-founder of Roessingh Research and Development
(RRD), originating from the Roessingh Rehabilitation Centre, which has
now grown into the largest institute in the area of rehabilitation tech-
nology and telemedicine in the Netherlands. He gradually switched his
research area from rehabilitation technology towards combining biomedi-
cal engineering with ICT to enable remote monitoring and telemedicine. In
2008, he became Professor of Telemedicine and Head of the Telemedicine
Research Group, at UTwente; in 2010 Director of Telemedicine at RRD and,
in 2012, Director of Technology at the Centre for Care Technology Research
(CCTR) and Visiting Professor at the Caledonian University in Glasgow.
vii
viii Editors
Bernard A. Conway, PhD, is Professor in Biomedical Engineering at the
University of Strathclyde, where he co-directs the Centre for Excellence in
Rehabilitation Research. He earned his PhD in Neurophysiology from the
University of Glasgow and since then has focussed his research interests
on problems related to the loss of control of movement in patients with neu-
rological conditions including spinal cord injury, movement disorders, and
limb loss. Over his career he has enjoyed close collaboration with clinical
colleagues, giving his research a translational perspective. The multidisci-
plinary nature of his research has led to its publication in a diversified group
of journals. He has also been actively involved in supporting funding agen-
cies in various advisory capacities linked to bioengineering, rehabilitation,
health technologies, and ageing. He currently is a trustee of the Institute of
Physics and Engineering in Medicine and Medical Research Scotland.
Contributors
Lisa Bunn Gerard E. Francisco
School of Health Professions Department of Physical Medicine
Faculty of Health and Human and Rehabilitation
Sciences University of Texas Health Science
University of Plymouth Center
Plymouth, United Kingdom and
NeuroRecovery Research Center
Jaap H. Buurke TIRR Memorial Hermann Hospital
Roessingh Research and Houston, Texas
Development
University of Twente Alexander C. H. Geurts
Enschede, Netherlands Radboud University Medical Centre
Department of Rehabilitation
Bernard A. Conway Nijmegen, Netherlands
Department of Biomedical
Engineering Hermie J. Hermens
University of Strathclyde Roessingh Research and
Scotland, United Kingdom Development
University of Twente
Volker Dietz Enschede, Netherlands
Spinal Cord Injury Center
University Hospital Balgrist Garth Johnson
Zürich, Switzerland ADL Smartcare Ltd
Newcastle University
Amanda Denton Newcastle, United Kingdom
School of Health Professions
Faculty of Health and Human Sheng Li
Sciences Department of Physical Medicine
University of Plymouth and Rehabilitation
Plymouth, United Kingdom University of Texas Health Science
Center
Judith F. M. Fleuren and
Roessingh Rehabilitation Centre NeuroRecovery Research Center
Roessingh Research and TIRR Memorial Hermann Hospital
Development Houston, Texas
Enschede, Netherlands
ix