Table Of ContentNeurohumoral and
Metabolic Aspects of In jury
ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
Editorial Board:
Nathan Back Chairman, Department of Biochemical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy,
State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
N. R. Di Luzio Chairman, Department of Physiology,
Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
Alfred Gellhorn University of Pennsylvania Medical School, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Bernard Halpern College de France,
Director of the Institute 0/ Immuno.Biology, Paris, France
Ephraim Katchalski Department of Biophysics, The Weizmann Institute 0/ Science,
Rehovoth,lsrael
David Kritchevsky Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Abel Lajtha New York State Research Institute for Neurochemistry and Drug Addiction,
Ward's Island, New York
Rodolfo Paoletti Institute 0/ Pharmacology and Pharmacognosy.
University 0/ Milan, Milan, Italy
Volume 1
THE RETICULOENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Edited by N. R. Di Luzio and R. Paoletti· 1967
Volume 2
PHARMACOLOGY OF HORMONAL POLYPEPTIDES AND PROTEINS
Edited by N. Back, L. Martini, and R. Paoletti· 1968
Volume 3
(;ERM·FREE BIOLOGY: Experimental and Clinil'al Aspects
Edited by E. A. Mirand and N. Back· 1969
Volume 4
DRUGS AFFECTING LIPID METABOLISM
Edited by W. L. Holmes, L. A. Carlson, and R. Paoletti· 1969
Volume 5
LYMPHATIC TISSUE AND GERMINAL CENTERS IN IMMUNE RESPONSE
Edited by L. Fiore·Donati and M. G. Hanna, Jr .• 1969
Volume 6
RED CELL METABOLISM AND FUNCTION
Edited by George J. Brewer· 1970
Volume 7
SURFACE CHEMISTRY OF BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS
Edited by Martin Blank· 1970
Volume 8
BRADYKININ AND RELATED KININS: Cardiovascular, Biochemical, and
Neural Actions
Edited by F. Sicuteri, M. Rocha e Silva, and N. Back· 1970
Volume 9
SHOCK: Biochemical, Pharmacological, and Clinical Aspects
Edited by A. Bertelli and N. Back· 1970
Volume 10
THE HUMAN TESTIS
Edited by E. Rosemberg and C. A. Paulsen· 1970
Volume II
MUSCLE METABOLISM DURING EXERCISE
Edited by B. Pernow and B. Saltin • 1971
Volume 12
MORPHOLOGICAL AND FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS OF IMMUNITY
Edited by K. Lindahl.Kiessling, G. AIm, and M. G. Hanna, Jr. • 1971
Volume 13
CHEMISTRY AND BRAIN DEVELOPMENT
Edited by R. Paoletti and A. N. Davison' 1971
Volume 14
MEMBRANE·BOUND ENZYMES
Edited by G. Porcellati and F. di Jeso • 1971
Volume 15
THE RETICULOENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM AND IMMUNE PHENOMENA
Edited by N. R. Di Luzio and K. Flemming· 1971
Volume 16A
THE ARTERY AND THE PROCESS OF ARTERIOSCLEROSIS: Pathogenesis
Edited by Stewart Wolf, 1971
Volume 16B
THE ARTERY AND THE PROCESS OF ARTERIOSCLEROSIS: .Measurement and
Modification
Edited by Stewart Woll • 1971
Volume 17
CONTROL OF RENIN SECRETION
Edited by Tatiana A. Assaykeen • 1972
Volume 18
THE DYNAMICS OF MERISTEM CELL POPULATIONS
Edited by Morton W. Miller and Charles C. Kuehnert. 1972
Volume 19
SPHINGOLIPIDS, SPHINGOLIPIDOSES AND ALLIED DISORDERS
Edited by Bruno W. Volk and Stanley M. Aronson. 1972
Volume 20
DRUG ABUSE: Nonmedical Use of Dependence·ProducinJ!; Drugs
Edited by Simon Btesh • 1972
Volume 21
V ASOPEPTIDES: Chemistry, Pharmacolol(Y, and Pathophysiology
Edited by N. Back and F. Sicuteri • 1972
Volume 22
COMPARATIVE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF CIRCULATORY DISTURBANCES
Edited by Colin M. Bloor • 1972
Volume 23
THE FUNDAMENTAL MECHANISMS OF SHOCK
Edited by Lerner B. Hinshaw and Barhara G. Cox. 1972
Volume 24
THE VISUAL SYSTEM: Neurophysiology, Biophysics, and Their Clinical Applications
Edited by G. B. Arden - 1972
Volume 25
GLYCOLIPIDS, GLYCOPROTEINS, AND MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES
OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
Edited by Vittorio Zambotti, Guido Tettamanti, and Mariagrazia Arrigoni • 1972
Volume 26
PHARMACOLOGICAL CONTROL OF LIPID METABOLISM
Edited by William L. Holmes, Rodolfo Paoletti,
and David Kritchevsky • 1972
Volume 27
DRUGS AND FETAL DEVELOPMENT
Edited by M. A. Klingberg, A. Abramovici, and J. Chemke -1973
Volume 28
HEMOGLOBIN AND RED CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
Edited by George J. Brewer. 1972
Volume 29
MICROENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF IMMUNITY
Edited by Branislav D. Jankovic and Katarina Isakovic - 1972
Volume 30
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AND THE THYROID GLAND: Relation to Endemic Cretinism
Edited by J. B. Stanbury and R. L. Kroc • 1972
Volume 31
IMMUNITY IN VIRAL AND RICKETTSIAL DISEASES
Edited by A. Kohn and M. A. Klingberg. 1973
Volume 32
FUNCTIONAL AND STRUCTURAL PROTEINS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
Edited by A. N. Davison, P. Mandel, and I. G. Morgan. 1972
Volume 33
NEUROHUMORAL AND METABOLIC ASPECTS OF INJURY
Edited by A. G. B. Kovach, H. B. Stoner, and J. J. Spitzer. 1972
Volume 34
PLATELET FUNCTION AND THROMBOSIS: A Review of Methods
Edited by P. M. Mannucci and S. Gorini • 1972
Neurohumoral and
Metabolic Aspects of Injury
Proceedings of the lUPS Satellite Symposium held
August 3· 7, 1971, in Budapest, Hungary
Edited by
Arisztid G. B. Kovach
Experimental Research Department
Semmelweis Medical University
Budapest, Hungary
H. B. Stoner
MRC Toxicology Unit
Medical Research Council Laboratories
Carshalton, Surrey, United Kingdom
and
John J. Spitzer
Department of Physiology and Biophysics
Hahnemann Medical College and Hospital
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
<:P
PLENUM PRESS • NEW YORK.LONDON • 1973
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 72·93823
ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-3230-5 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-3228-2
DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4684-3228-2
© 1973 Plenum Press, New York
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1973
A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation
227 West 17th Street, New York, N.Y. 10011
United Kingdom edition published by Plenum Press, London
A Division of Plenum Publishing Company, Ltd.
Davis House (4th Floor), 8 Scrubs Lane, Harlesden, London NW10 6SE. England
All rights reserved
No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without
written permission from the publisher
PREFACE
Under the auspices of the International Union of Physiological
Sciences, the Federation of Hungarian Medical Societies and the
Hungarian Physiological Society a Symposium was organized on the
"Neurohumoral and Metabolic Responses to Injury" in Budapest
August 3-7, 1971 as a satellite symposium to the XXV Congress of
Physiology.
The aim of this multidisciplinary Symposium was to concentrate
on the neurohumoral and hormonal aspects of the biological response
to trauma including resistance and adaptation to injury. It is
becoming increasingly apparent that the changes which occur after
injury reflect the disturbance of regulatory processes and control
mechanisms concerned with the preservation of homeostatic equilib
rium. One of the main aims of the Symposium was to consider the
effect of injury on control mechanisms.
It was thought advisable to include speakers more closely
associated with the study of control mechanisms under normal con
ditions in order to ensure cross-fertilisation of ideas between
the physiological and pathophysiological fields.
Recent progress in biochemistry, physiology biophysics and
pharmacology has tended to clarify the chain of events that are
produced after different stress conditions such as haemorrhage,
trauma, burns, bacterial infections, etc. The Symposium gathered
together eminent scientists from the various disciplines all focus
ing on the questions of the bodily reaction to injury and the
development of the irreversible state. The discussion of the
problem of shock in a symposium needs multidisciplinary attendance,
but the clarification of the problem needs more basic research on
the signficant cellular metabolic reactions to trauma and hypoxia.
The Symposium provided an excellent setting for discussions
both inside and outside the meeting. These could not be included
in the report of the proceedings but it is hoped that they will
lead to renewed efforts in research into these often neglected,
but clinically important, problems.
vii
viii PREFACE
The organising Committee of the Symposium wish to thank the
following who supported it with their donations:
International Union of Physiological Sciences
The Wellcome Trust, U. K.
The Medical Commission on Accident Prevention, U. K.
Chemical Works of Gedeon Richter Ltd., Hungary
Chinoin Pharmaceutical Works, Hungary
Coca Cola Export Corporation, Italy
EG YT Pharmacochemical Works, Hungary
Gebr. Giulini G.M.B.H., German Federal Republic
Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd., U. K.
Lufthansa, German Federal Republic
Medicor, Hungary
Pharmacia, Uppsala, Sweden
The method of publication used requires that the typescript,
figures, etc. are put in a form which can be sent directly to the
printers. This has proved not to be the easiest form of publi
cation, particularly for a multinational Symposium. The Editors
have tried their best to produce some order out of a chaos of
typewriters. They were, however, unable to reduce the papers to
complete uniformity and the different English usages to be found
in the text reflect the variations in those of the Editors and
the authors. The Editors excuse is that it gives the reader a
taste of the original. An important duty of the Editors is to
convey their very sincere gratitude to Mrs. D. Edwards, Mrs.
N. P. Brewster, and Mrs. K. Bodolay, who bore the brunt of the
secretarial work of this publication and to join with the authors
in thanking all those other secretaries who have been concerned
with the papers at different stages and without whom the Symposium
could not have taken place.
Arisztid G. B. Kovach
H. B. Stoner
John J. Spitzer
CONTENTS
List of Contributors xvii
CONTROL OF BLOOD FLOW
Control of Organ Blood Flow Following
Hemorrhage 1
A. G. B. Kovach, A. Mitsanyi, E. Monos,
I. Nyary, and A. Sulyok
Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism in
Hemorrhagic Shock in Baboons 19
M. Reivich, A. G. B. Kovach, J. J. Spitzer,
and P. Sandor
Adrenocortical Blood Supply During Hemorrhage
in Dogs 27
E. Monos, A. G. B. Kovach, Z. Aprili,
Zs. Suba, and L. Cserenyi
Microcirculation and Hypoxia 33
D. W. LUbbers
The Microcirculation of Normal and Injured
Tissue • 45
Paul C. Johnson
Further Experiments on the Role of Phosphate
in the Local Regulation of Blood Flow 53
S. M. Hilton
Uterine Circulation in Haemorrhage 57
L. Takacs and L. A. Debreczeni
ix
x CONTENTS
Blood Microrheology and the Development of
"Stasis" in the Microvasculature
After Injury • 65
Holger Schmid-Schtlnbein, E. Volger,
H. J. Klose, and J. Weiss
Blood Rheology after Hemorrhage and Endotoxin • 75
S. Chien, S. Usami, J. Dellenback, and
V. Magazinovic
Rheology of Red Cell Suspensions in
Experimental Dehydration • 95
F. Torres and L. -E. Gelin
FLUID TRANSFER
Regulation of Interstitial Fluid Volume and
Pressure III
Arthur C. Guyton, Aubrey E. Taylor,
Harris J. Granger, and W. Harry Gibson
Influence of Histamine on Transport of Fluid
and Plasma Proteins into Lymph • 119
Eugene M. Renkin and Reginald D. Carter
Effect of Vasoconstrictors on Lymph Oxygen
Tension in Normo- and Hypovolemia • 133
T. Barankay, S. Nagy, G. Horpacsy,
and A. Petri
Transvascular Fluid Fluxes During Severe,
Prolonged Canine Hemorrhagic or
Endotoxin Hypotension 143
George J. Grega and Francis J. Haddy
Capillary Filtration Rate in Cat Hind Limb
Muscle during Hemorrhage • 149
Susanna Bir6 and A. G. B. Kov~ch
HUMORAL INFLUENCES
The Adenohypophysial Response to Stress and
Its Hypothalamic Control • 157
S. M. McCann, L. Krulich, P. Illner,
M. Quijada, K. Ajika, and C. P. Fawcett
Thyroid Function after Injury 165
Roger Kirby and Ivan D. A. Johnston
