Network Management: Accounting and Performance Strategies

669 Pages·2007·5.764 MB·English

by  Claise, Benoit;Wolter, Ralf

Network Management
Benoit Claise, CCIE No. 2686
Ralf Wolter
Cisco Press
Cisco Press
201 West 103rd Street
Indianapolis, IN 46290 USA
ii
Network Management
Benoit Claise, CCIE No. 2686, Ralf Wolter
Copyright© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc.
Published by:
Cisco Press
800 East 96th Street
Indianapolis, IN 46240 USA
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic
or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without
written permission from the publisher, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review.
Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
First Printing June 2007
ISBN-10: 1-58705-198-2
ISBN-13: 978-1-58705-198-2
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Claise, Benoit.
Network management / Benoit Claise, Ralf Wolter.
p. cm.
ISBN 978-1-58705-198-2 (hardcover)
1. Computer networks--Management. I. Wolter, Ralf, 1926- II. Title.
TK5105.5.C544 2007
004.6068--dc22
2007018567
Warning and Disclaimer
This book is designed to provide information about accounting and performance strategies for network manage-
ment. Every effort has been made to make this book as complete and accurate as possible, but no warranty or fitness
is implied.
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The opinions expressed in this book belong to the authors and are not necessarily those of Cisco Systems, Inc.
iii
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Trademark Acknowledgments
All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capital-
ized. Cisco Press or Cisco Systems, Inc., cannot attest to the accuracy of this information. Use of a term in this book
should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark.
In addition, this book includes excerpts from the following copyrighted documents:
RFC 3954, Cisco Systems NetFlow Services Export Version 9. Copyright © The Internet Society, 2004.
RFC 2863, The Interfaces Group MIB. Copyright © The Internet Society, 2000.
RFC 2924, Accounting Attributes and Record Formats. Copyright © The Internet Society, 2000.
RFC 2578, Structure of Management Information Version 2 (SMIv2). Copyright © The Internet Society, 1999.
RFC 1213, Management Information Base for Network Management of TCP/IP-based Internets: MIB-II.
Copyright © The Internet Society, 1991
RFC 3813, Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Label Switching Router (LSR) Management Information Base
(MIB). Copyright © The Internet Society, 2004.
RFC 3812, Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Traffic Engineering (TE) Management Information Base (MIB).
Copyright © The Internet Society, 2004.
RFC 4293, Management Information Base for the Internet Protocol (IP). Copyright © The Internet Society, 2006.
RFC 2932, IPv4 Multicast Routing MIB. Copyright © The Internet Society, 2000.
RFC 2579, Textual Conventions for SMIv2. Copyright © The Internet Society, 1999.
RFC 3919, Remote Network Monitoring (RMON) Protocol Identifiers for IPv6 and Multi Protocol Label Switching
(MPLS). Copyright © The Internet Society, 2004.
RFC 4149, Definition of Managed Objects for Synthetic Sources for Performance Monitoring Algorithms.
Copyright © The Internet Society, 2005.
RFC 4150, Transport Performance Metrics MIB. Copyright © The Internet Society, 2005.
RFC 4710, Real-time Application Quality-of-Service Monitoring (RAQMON) Framework. Copyright ©
The Internet Society, 2006.
RFC 2869, RADIUS Extensions. Copyright © The Internet Society, 2000.
RFC 2865, Remote Authentication Dial In User Service (RADIUS). Copyright © The Internet Society, 2000.
Additional material in this book has been reproduced by kind permission of the ITU-T, TMF, and IPDR.
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Publisher Paul Boger
Associate Publisher Dave Dusthimer
Cisco Representative Anthony Wolfenden
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Executive Editor Mary Beth Ray
Managing Editor Patrick Kanouse
Senior Development Editor Christopher Cleveland
Senior Project Editor San Dee Phillips
Copy Editor Gayle Johnson
Technical Editors Alexander Clemm, Chris Elliot, Simon Leinen, John Strassner,
Emmanuel Tychon, Jan Bollen, Michael Behringer
Editorial Assistant Vanessa Evans
Book and Cover Designer Louisa Adair
Composition Mark Shirar
Indexer Tim Wright
Proofreader Molly Proue
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About the Authors
Benoit Claise, CCIE No. 2686, is a Cisco Distinguished Engineer working as an architect for embed-
ded management and device instrumentation. His area of expertise includes accounting, performance,
and fault management. Claise is a contributor to the NetFlow standardization at the IETF in the IPFIX
and PSAMP working groups. He joined Cisco in 1996 as a customer support engineer in the Technical
Assistance Center network management team. He then became an escalation engineer before joining the
engineering team.
Ralf Wolter is a senior manager, Consulting Engineering at Cisco Systems. He leads the Core and
NMS/OSS consulting team for Europe and works closely with corporate engineering, as well as sup-
porting large customer projects. His special field of interest is device instrumentation, related to
accounting and performance management. He joined Cisco in 1996 as a systems engineer. He has pro-
vided technical leadership for many large network management projects in Europe, the Middle East,
and Africa. Before his current position, he worked as a networking consultant at AT&T/NCR, focusing
on the design and management of data networks.
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About the Technical Reviewers
Dr. Alexander Clemm is a senior architect with Cisco. He has been involved with integrated manage-
ment of networked systems and services since 1990. He has provided technical leadership for many
leading-edge network management development, architecture, and engineering efforts, from conception
to delivery to the customer. His current responsibilities involve embedded management
and instrumentation of devices for management purposes. Outside Cisco, Clemm is on the organizing or
technical committees of the major IEEE management-related conferences. He is the author of the Cisco
Press book Network Management Fundamentals.
Chris Elliott, CCIE No. 2013 in Routing and Switching, has recertified in NMS and security, among
other topics. He has extensive expertise in all aspects of networking, starting 30 years ago with ARPA-
net. He has focused on network management for the last 17 years and is involved in several IETF proto-
col standardization efforts. He is the author of the book Performance and Fault Management. In
addition, he is the developer and presenter of several in-depth technology discussions presented at
NetWorld+Interop, Networkers at Cisco Live, NANOG, and elsewhere.
Simon Leinen has been working since 1996 as a network engineer for SWITCH, the Swiss education
and research network operator. He helps build network monitoring and accounting systems. He has
participated in several joint European research projects. Other activities include IETF standardization
work—in particular, in the IPFIX and NETCONF working groups—and the development of the
Performance Enhancement and Response Team (PERT), a service addressing end-to-end performance
issues experienced by research network users.
John Strassner is a Motorola fellow. He is also the Director of Autonomic Computing Research at
Motorola, where he is responsible for directing Motorola's efforts in autonomic computing, policy man-
agement, knowledge engineering and identity management. Previously, John was the chief strategy
officer for Intelliden and a former Cisco fellow. John invented DEN (Directory Enabled Networks) and
DEN-ng as a new paradigm for managing and provisioning networks and networked applications. John
is the chair of the ACF and vice-chair of the Reconfigurability and Autonomics working group of the
WWRF. He is the past chair of the TMF's NGOSS metamodel, policy, and Shared Information and Data
modeling work groups, as well as being active in the ITU, OMG, and OASIS. He has authored two
books (Directory Enabled Networks and Policy Based Network Management), written chapters for
three other books, and has authored over 145 refereed journal and conference publications. Finally, he is
an associate professor at Waterford Institute of Technology in Ireland.
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Dedications
Benoit:
First, and most important, I would like to thank my family for their ongoing support during the very
long journey of writing this book. Expressed differently: “Lore, Julien, and Jocelyne, please accept my
apologies for the multiple evenings and weekends I should have spent with you.”
I also would like to thank Luc David and Frank Van Steenwinkel—respectively, my manager and direc-
tor when I was at the Technical Assistance Center—for giving me the freedom to do what is important.
Finally, I express my gratitude to the numerous people who encouraged me during the first stage of the
project and throughout the completion of the book: some by reviewing the text, some by testing in the
lab, and some simply for offering kind words. Special thanks for the always-positive attitude of Ralf,
my coauthor.
Ralf:
First, I thank my wife Miriam for her love and patience during the course of this book. Without her com-
mitment to me and the kids, I would not have been able to succeed in my professional life, and this book
would have remained a nice dream. Instead, it became real! I also want to thank my children, Lydia and
Henry, for releasing me during uncountable weekend hours. I’m looking forward to the day when they
can read and understand this book.
Next, I want to thank my coauthor, Benoit, for his commitment and for constantly reminding me that
quality and consistency cannot be neglected, even for the price of missing a deadline. Taking this jour-
ney together is an experience I will never forget.
Finally, and certainly most important of all, I give all thanks to God the Father, the Son, and the Holy
Spirit for all that I am.
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Acknowledgments
This book is the result of a team effort, finally during the writing and before throughout years of team-
work and cooperation in driving the technology. We would like to acknowledge those who made it pos-
sible to write this book.
A big thank-you goes to several Cisco colleagues for their support, encouragement, and constructive
feedback during the reviews, especially Marisol Palmero for the Data-Collection MIB, Bulk-MIB, and
NBAR; Emmanuel Tychon for IP SLA; Alex Clemm for the scenarios; Jan Bollen for voice manage-
ment; Michael Behringer for security; Chris Elliot for SNMP; Greg Weber for IPDR; and Stuart Parham
for lab support. Their professional input helped add the missing pieces.
Wewould like to say a special thank you to Simon Leinen and John Strassner for their due diligence and
encouragement during the writing and reviewing of the book. We really appreciate your constructive
feedback!
A special thanks to our senior development editor, Christopher Cleveland, for the right combination of
pushing and patience, and to our executive editor, Mary Beth Ray, for being flexible and always sup-
portive and encouraging.
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