Table Of ContentNeonatal respiratory
disorders
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Neonatal respiratory
disorders
Second edition
Edited by
Anne Greenough MD, FRCP, DCH
Professor ofClinical Respiratory Physiology and
Honorary Consultant Paediatrician
King’s College School ofMedicine and Dentistry
London, UK
Anthony D Milner MD, FRCP, DCH
Professor ofNeonatology
Department ofChild Health
United Medical and Dental School ofGuy’s and
St Thomas’ Hospitals
London, UK
A member ofthe Hodder Headline Group
LONDON
First published in Great Britain in 2003 by
Arnold, a member ofthe Hodder Headline Group,
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author[s] nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility
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ISBN 0 340 80813 6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Commissioning Editor: Joanna Koster
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To our very much loved daughter Antonia,for her unfailing good humor and
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Contents
List ofcontributors xi
Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xiv
List ofabbreviations xv
PART 1 DEVELOPMENT AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 1
1 Fetal and postnatal anatomical lung development 3
Alison A Hislop
2 Surfactant 12
Bengt Robertson and Jan Johansson
3 Lung liquid 26
Dafydd V Walters
4 Control ofbreathing 37
Anthony D Milner, Hugo Lagercrantz and Ronny Wickstrom
5 Development ofthe immune system 50
Susan Leech
6 Adaptation at birth 59
Anthony D Milner
PART 2 ANTENATAL AND POSTNATAL INVESTIGATION 67
7 Clinical assessment 69
Anne Greenough, with contributions from NRC Roberton
8 Microbiology 72
Amanda Fife
9 Immunology 77
Susan Leech
10 Histopathology 83
DI Rushton, with contributions from S Gould
11A Antenatal imaging and therapy 92
Kypros H Nicolaides, with contributions by AnneGreenough
11B Neonatal imaging 99
John Karani
12 Neonatal bronchoscopy 106
Jacques de Blic
viii Contents
13 Measurement oflung function 112
Anthony D Milner and Gerrard F Rafferty
PART 3 CLINICAL MANAGEMENT OF THE NEONATE WITH RESPIRATORY PROBLEMS 131
14 Resuscitation at birth 133
Anthony D Milner
15 Respiratory support 149
Anne Greenough, including ‘Proportional Assist Ventilation’ by Andreas Schulze and
‘Liquid Ventilation’ by Thomas H Shaffer and Marla R Wolfson
16A Intensive care 205
Neena Modi
16B Feeding 216
Sean P Devane
17 Monitoring 224
Andrew Lyon and Ben Stenson
18 Physiotherapy 236
Annette Parker and Anne Greenough
PART 4 NEONATAL RESPIRATORY PROBLEMS 245
19 Respiratory distress syndrome 247
Henry L Halliday
20 Transient tachypnea ofthe newborn (TTN) 272
Anne Greenough
21 Pneumonia 278
Peter RF Dear, with contributions from Amanda Fife
22 Air leaks 311
Anne Greenough
23 Aspiration syndromes 334
Thomas E Wiswell and Pinchi Srinivasan, with contributions by NRC Roberton
24 Pleural effusions 355
Anne Greenough
25 Pulmonary hemorrhage 365
Grenville F Fox
26 Persistent pulmonary hypertension ofthe newborn 373
Steven H Abman and John P Kinsella
27 Respiratory presentation ofcardiac disease 387
Edward Baker
28 Acute respiratory distress syndrome 396
Anne Greenough
29 Bronchopulmonary dysplasia 399
Ilene RS Sosenko and Eduardo Bancalari, with contributions from Anne Greenough
30 Apnea and bradycardia ofprematurity 423
Jalal M Abu-Shaweesh, Terry M Baird and Richard J Martin
31 Neonatal upper airway obstruction 437
David Albert
Contents ix
32 Pulmonary agenesis and hypoplasia 449
Anne Greenough
33 Abnormalities oflung development 463
Anne Greenough and Mark Davenport
34 Abnormalities ofthe diaphragm 486
Anne Greenough and Mark Davenport
35 Abnormalities ofthe skeleton 505
Anne Greenough
36 Respiratory problems ofinfants with neurological disease 519
Janet M Rennie
APPENDICES 529
Appendix 1 Normal data for lung function in term infants during the neonatal period 531
Simon Hannam
Appendix 2 Normal blood gas values 532
Simon Hannam
Appendix 3 Pharmacopeia 533
Simon Hannam
Index 539
