Neither Monk nor Layman: Clerical Marriage in Modern Japanese Buddhism

316 Pages·2001·17.643 MB·English

by  Richard M. Jaffe

NEITHER MONK NOR LAYMAN
BUDDHISMS: A PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS SERIES
EDITED BY STEPHEN F. TEISER
A list of titles in this series appears at the back of the book
N E I T H E R M O N K
N O R L AY M A N
CLERICAL MARRIAGE IN MODERN
JAPANESE BUDDHISM
Richard M. Jaffe
PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS
PRINCETON AND OXFORD
Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University Press
Published by Princeton University Press, 41 William Street,
Princeton, New Jersey 08540
In the United Kingdom: Princeton University Press, 3 Market Place,
Woodstock, Oxfordshire OX20 1SY
All Rights Reserved
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Jaffe, Richard M., 1954–
Neither Monk nor layman : clerical marriage in modern
Japanese Buddhism / Richard M. Jaffe.
p. cm. — (Buddhisms)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-691-07495-X (alk. paper)
1. Priests, Buddhist—Marriage—Japan. 2. Priests,
Buddhist—Japan—Family relationships. 3. Marriage—
Religious Aspects—Buddhism. 4. Buddhism—
Japan—History—1868–1945. I. Title. II. Series.
BQ5355.M37 J35 2001
294.3'61—dc21 2001021154
British Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available
This book has been composed in Sabon
Printed on acid-free paper. ∞
www.pup.princeton.edu
Printed in the United States of America
3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2
For my parents
FRANCES AND EDWARD JAFFE

爾者已非僧非俗、是故以禿字為姓
Shikareba, sudeni sô ni arazu zoku ni arazu,
kono yue ni Toku no ji o motte shô to nasu.
I am now neither monk nor layman, therefore
I have taken the name “Stubble Haired.”
Shinran, Kyôgyôshinshô

Contents
Figures and Table xi
Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xix
Reference Abbreviations xxi
Ministries and Other Government Institutions xxiii
Chapter 1
Introduction 1
Chapter 2
Pre-Meiji Precedents 9
Chapter 3
Jôdo Shin Buddhism and the Edo Period Debate over
Nikujiki Saitai 36
Chapter 4
The Household Registration System and the Buddhist Clergy 58
Chapter 5
Passage of the Nikujiki Saitai Law: The Clergy and the
Formation of Meiji Buddhist Policy 95
Chapter 6
Horses with Horns: The Attack on Nikujiki Saitai 114
Chapter 7
Denominational Resistance and the Modification of
Government Policy 148