Needleless electrospinning of nanofibers : technology and applications

199 Pages·2013·30.026 MB·English

by  Tong Lin, Xungai Wang

NEEDLELESS
ELECTROSPINNING
OF NANOFIBERS

Pan Stanford Series on Renewable Energy — Volume 2
Tong Lin
Xungai Wang
NEEDLELESS
ELECTROSPINNING
OF NANOFIBERS
Technology and Applications
editors
Preben Maegaard
Anna Krenz
Wolfgang Palz
The Rise of Modern Wind Energy
Wind Power
for the World
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
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Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
© 2013 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
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Version Date: 20131021
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-981-4316-84-2 (eBook - PDF)
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Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
ix
1. Introduction to Electrospinning x1i
1.1 Electrospinning 1
1.1.1 Brief History 2
1.1.2 Electrospinning Process and Principles 3
1.1.3 Fiber Morphology 10
1.2 Characteristics of Electrospun Nanofibers 12
1.3 Improved Electrospinning Techniques 13
2. 1Em.4e rginFgi bAeprp-lCicoalltieocntisn ogf M Eloedcetrso spun Nanofibers 1273
2.1 Biomedical 23
2.1.1 Tissue Engineering Scaffolds 23
2.1.2 Blood Vessels 24
2.1.3 Bones 27
2.1.4 Cartilages 29
2.1.5 Muscles 30
2.1.6 Skins 31
2.1.7 Neural Tissues 32
2.1.8 Other Tissue Scaffolds 34
2.1.9 Wound Healing 34
2.1.10 Drug Delivery and Release Control 37
2.2 Environmental Protection 39
2.2.1 Filtration 39
2.2.2 Metal Ion Adsorption and Recovery 41
2.3 Catalyst and Enzyme Carriers 43
2.3.1 Catalysts 43
2.3.2 Enzymes 45
2.4 Sensors 46
2.5 Energy Harvest and Storage 49
2.5.1 Solar Cells 49
2.5.2 Fuel Cells 51
vi Contents
2.5.3 Mechanical Energy Harvesters 52
2.5.4 Lithium Ion Batteries 53
2.5.5 Supercapacitors 56
2.5.6 Hydrogen Storage 57
3. 2D.e6v elopOmthenerts A inp pLlaicrgaeti-oSncasl e Nanofiber 58
Electrospinning Systems 61
3.1 Downward Multi-Jet Electrospinning 61
3.2 Upward Needleless Electrospinning 66
4. Upward 3N.2e.e1d lelEelsesc Etrleocstprionsnpiinngn iTnegc whnitihq uDeissc , Ball, 66
and Cylinder Spinnerets 71
4.1 Cylinder Electrospinning 71
4.1.1 Effects of Applied Voltage and PVA
Concentration 72
4.1.2 Effect of Cylinder End Shape 74
4.1.3 Effect of Cylinder Diameter 75
4.2 Ball Electrospinning 76
4.3 Disc Electrospinning 77
4.3.1 Effects of Applied Voltage and PVA
Concentration 78
4.3.2 Effect of Disc Thickness 80
5. Upward 4N.3e.e3d lelCeosms Eplearcitsroonsp inning with Ring 81
and Coil Spinnerets 83
5.1 Ring Electrospinning 83
5.1.1 Single Ring 83
5.1.2 Multiple-Ring Spinnerets 86
5.2 Wire Coil Electrospinning 87
5.2.1 Conical Coil Electrospinning 87
5.3 Effects of Experimental Parameters on
Fiber Quality 89
5.3.1 PVA Concentration 89
5.3.2 Applied Voltage 90
5.3.3 Collecting Distance 91
5.4 Tubular Wire Coil Electrospinning 92
5.4.1 Spinning Process 93
5.4.2 Parameters Affecting Fiber Morphology 94
Contents vii
5.5 Effects of Coil Shape on Needleless
Electrospinning 95
5.5.1 Spinneret Length 95
5.5.2 Spiral Distance 96
5.5.3 Coil Diameter 97
5.5.4 Wire Diameter of the Coil 98
5.6 Effects of Experimental Parameters 98
5.6.1 Coil Rotating Speed 98
5.6.1.1 Applied voltage 98
5.6.2 Collecting Distance 99
5.6.3 PVA Concentration 100
5.7 Comparison 100
5.7.1 Needle and Coil Electrospinning 100
5.7.2 Multiple Rings and Coils 104
6. Electrica5l .F7i.e3l d ACnoamlypsiasr isons of Different Nozzles 110059
6.1 Cylinder Electrospinning 111
6.2 Ball Electrospinning 115
6.3 Disc Electrospinning 117
6.4 Shaft-Linked Multiple Discs 121
6.5 Ring Electrospinning 123
6.6 Multiple Rings 129
6.7 Conical Wire Coil Electrospinning 130
6.8 Tubular Wire Coil 131
6.9 Comparison of Cylinder, Disc, Ring, and Coil 132
7. 6Fi.b1e0r CoClloelcltiecotno rs 113357

7.1 Effect of Collector Shape 137
7.2 Effect of Collection Media 139
7.3 Effect of Collecting Distance 140
8. 7Co.4n clusiEoffne acnt do fO Auitrl oFolokw 141
Index

187

Preface
Electrospun nanofibers have shown enormous application potential
in diverse areas. However, most works on electrospinning nanofibers
are based on conventional needle electrospinning techniques, and
mass production of nanofibers for practical applications has been a
great challenge with the needle electrospinning systems. This book
systemically introduces a relatively new electrospinning process,
needleless electrospinning. The book is divided into seven chapters.
In the first chapter, basic electrospinning theory is introduced.
The second chapter summarizes the functional applications of
electrospun nanofibers in different fields. Chapter 3 reviews the
emerging electrospinning technologies that have potential for
large-scale production of nanofibers. Chapters 4 and 5 describe
an important needleless electrospinning technique using different
fiber generators such as ball, cylinder, disc, and wire coil, and the
effects of the fiber generator, its shape and dimension, and operating
parameters on electrospinning performance, fiber morphology, and
productivity are also introduced. Chapter 6 analyzes the electric field
profiles and provides a method to calculate the electric field intensity
in an electrospinning zone. Chapter 7 discusses the influence of the
fiber collector on fiber quality. The book will be a very useful resource
for academics, industry professionals, and graduate students in
nanomaterials, nanostructures, and nanofabrication .