Natural Resource Management in South Asia.

123 Pages·2010·1.493 MB·English

by  Arun Shrivastava

NATURAL
RESOURCE
MANAGEMENT
IN
SOUTH ASIA
Other Volumes in this Series
Peace and Justice
Human Rights, Democracy and Governance
Economic Integration in South Asia: Issues and Pathways
Writing Freedom: South Asian Voices (forthcoming; University Press
Limited, Dhaka)
Writing Feminism: South Asian Voices (forthcoming; University Press
Limited, Dhaka)
Imagine a New South Asia
Series Editors: John Samuel and Rashed Al Mahmud Titumir
NATURAL
RESOURCE
MANAGEMENT
IN
SOUTH ASIA
Lead Author
Arun Shrivastava
Regional Taskforce Members
Netra Timsina (Nepal)
Mehnaz Ajmal (Pakistan)
Abid Q. Suleri (Pakistan)
Vanita Suhasini (India)
Delhi • Chennai • Chandigarh
Copyright © 2011 ActionAid International Asia
This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise,
be lent, resold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher’s prior written
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without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent
purchaser and without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of
this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or
transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording or otherwise), without the prior written permission of both the copyright
owner and the publisher of this book.
Published by Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd., licensees of Pearson Education in
South Asia.
ISBN: 978-81-317-2943-4
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Dedication
To the downtrodden—millions upon millions of them—of South Asia,
who have long been suff ering from hunger, deprivation, social disparity,
exclusion, and marginalization, with the expectation that a fl ourishing,
people-centred, equitable process of regional cooperation and develop-
ment will be initiated and vigorously carried forward in the interest of
sustainable social transformation not only in individual countries, but
also across the region.
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Contents
List of Tables viii
List of Figures and Charts ix
List of Boxes x
List of Abbreviations xi
Series Introduction xiv
Preface xviii
Acknowledgements xx
1 Introduction 1
2 Energy 12
3 Biodiversity 37
4 Land 55
5 Water 68
6 Atmosphere 77
7 Afghanistan 85
8 Recommendations 93
Index 99
List of Tables
Table 1.1 Regional Demographics 2
Table 2.1 South Asian Oil 13
Table 2.2 Oil: Sector-wise Final Consumption 15
Table 2.3 Natural Gas: Sector-wise Final Consumption 16
Table 2.4 Coal: Sector-wise Final Consumption 17
Table 2.5 Electricity: Sector-wise Final Consumption 18
Table 2.6 Road-sector Energy Consumption 19
Table 2.7 Energy Consumption per Capita 19
Table 2.8 Commercial-energy Mix in South Asia 21
Table 2.9 Renewable Sources of Energy 21
Table 2.10 Estimated Resource Base 22
Table 2.11 Share of Countries in Power Generation in South Asia 23
Table 2.12 Electricity Consumption per Capita 23
Table 2.13 Access to Electricity in South Asia 24
Table 2.14 Energy Imports Net 25
Table 2.15 Carbon Dioxide Emissions from the Consumption and
Flaring of Fossil Fuels 26
Table 2.16 Public Transport System 30
Table 2.17 World Electricity Distribution Losses 31
Table 3.1 Protected Areas 50
Table 4.1 Areas Aff ected by Water Erosion and Wind Erosion
(1,000 ha) 60
Table 5.1 Major River Basins in South Asia 73
Table 6.1 Th e Principal Layers of Earth’s Atmosphere 77
Table 6.2 Carbon Dioxide Emissions from the Consumption
and Flaring of Fossil Fuels 81
Table 6.3 Nitrogen Oxides Emissions 82
Table 6.4 Sulphur Dioxide Emissions 82
List of Figures and Charts
Figure 2.1 Schema of Binary Cycle Geothermal Power 34
Figure 3.1 Major Components of Biodiversity Involved in the
Linkages and Major Services Impacted by
Biodiversity Losses 45
Figure 8.1 Trends in Death Rates from Leading Causes of Death
(1899–2003) 97
Chart 1.1 Th e Peak of World Oil Production and the Road to
Olduvai Gorge 5
Chart 2.1 Energy Demand Projections 28