Table Of ContentNatural Polysaccharides in Drug
Delivery and Biomedical
Applications
Edited by
Md Saquib Hasnain
Amit Kumar Nayak
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List of contributors
Yasir Faraz Abbasi AIMST University, Semeling, Kedah, Malaysia
Syed Anees Ahmed Department of Pharmacology, Hygia Institute of Pharmaceutical Application
and Research, Lucknow, India
Tejraj M. Aminabhavi Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Polymer Science, SET’s
College of Pharmacy, Dharwad, India
Yubia De Anda-Flores Biopolymers-CTAOA, Research Center for Food and Development
(CIAD, A.C.), Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
Sukumaran Anil Department of Dentistry, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
Mohammad Tahir Ansari Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur
Royal College of Medicine, Perak, Ipoh, Malaysia
Mona F. Arafa Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of
Tanta, Tanta, Egypt
Esha Bala Centre for Rural Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India
Hriday Bera Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Semeling, Kedah, Malaysia
Branko Bugarski Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade,
Serbia
Alma C. Campa-Mada Research Center for Food and Development, CIAD, A.C., Hermosillo,
Sonora, Mexico
Elizabeth Carvajal-Millan Research Center for Food and Development, CIAD, A.C., Hermosillo,
Sonora, Mexico
Pedro M. Castro CBQF e Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu´ımica Fina e Laborato´rio Associado,
Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Cato´lica Portuguesa/Porto, Porto, Portugal; CESPU,
Instituto de Investigacaeo e Formacaeo Avancada em Cieˆncias e Tecnologias da Saude, Gandra-PRD,
Portugal
Bankim Chandra Nandy Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Techno India
University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
Kiran Chaturvedi Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Polymer Science, SET’s
College of Pharmacy, Dharwad, India
Bor Shin Chee Athlone Institute of Technology, Materials Research Institute, Athlone, Co. West-
meath, Ireland
xvii
List of contributors
Norma B. D’Accorso Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales,
Departamento de Qu´ımica Orga´nica, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad Auto´noma de Buenos Aires,
Argentina; Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR)-CONICET-UBA,
Ciudad Auto´noma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
Arnab De Division of Microbiology & Biotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology,
Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
Mabilly Cox Holanda de Barros Dias Athlone Institute of Technology, Biosciences Research
Institute, Athlone, Co. Westmeath, Ireland
Sanjay Dey Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Techno India University, Kolkata,
West Bengal, India
Tanavi Dugge Shri Dharmasthala Manjunath Dental College, Dharwad, India
Gamal M. El Maghraby Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy,
University of Tanta, Tanta, Egypt
Classius Ferreira da Silva Instituto de Cieˆncias Ambientais, Qu´ımicas e Farmaceˆuticas,
Universidade Federal de Sa˜o Paulo, Diadema, Brazil
Kuntal Ganguly Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Polymer Science, SET’s College
of Pharmacy, Dharwad, India
Gabriel H. Gomez-Rodriguez Research Center for Food and Development, CIAD, A.C., Hermo-
sillo, Sonora, Mexico
Neha Hans Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan,
India
Md Saquib Hasnain Department of Pharmacy, Shri Venkateshwara University, Gajraula, India
Ankit Jain Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLAUniversity, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
Sanjay K. Jain Pharmaceutics Research Projects Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Dr Hari Singh Gour Central University, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India
Sougata Jana Department of Pharmaceutics, Gupta College of Technological Sciences, Asansol,
West Bengal, India; Department of Health and Family Welfare, Directorate of Health Services,
Kolkata, West Bengal, India
Subrata Jana Department of Chemistry, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak,
Madhya Pradesh, India
Sunil Kumar Dubey Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani,
Rajasthan, India
Nurul Asmak Md Lazim Dept. of Bioprocess & Polymer Engineering, School of Chemical and
Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor,
Malaysia
Yiyang Liu Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Labora-
tory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
Jaime Lizardi-Mendoza Biopolymers-CTAOA, Research Center for Food and Development
(CIAD, A.C.), Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
Baboucarr Lowe School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
xviii
List of contributors
Ana Raquel Madureira CBQF e Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu´ımica Fina e Laborato´rio Asso-
ciado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Cato´lica Portuguesa/Porto, Porto, Portugal
Sabyasachi Maiti Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkan-
tak, Madhya Pradesh, India
Vero´nica E. Manzano Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales,
Departamento de Qu´ımica Orga´nica, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad Auto´noma de Buenos Aires,
Argentina; Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR)-CONICET-UBA,
Ciudad Auto´noma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
Milan Milivojevic Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade,
Serbia
Ana Moira Mora´s Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Federal University of Health Sciences of
Porto Alegre e UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Uttam A. More Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shree Dhanvantary Pharmacy College,
Kim, Surat, India
Dinara Jaqueline Moura Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Federal University of Health
Sciences of Porto Alegre e UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
S M Mozammil Hasnain Department of Mechanical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology,
Mesra, Ranchi, India
Ida Idayu Muhamad Dept. of Bioprocess & Polymer Engineering, School of Chemical and
Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor,
Malaysia; IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor
Bahru, Malaysia
Balaram Naik Shri Dharmasthala Manjunath Dental College, Dharwad, India
Sitansu Sekhar Nanda Department of Chemistry, Myongji University, Yongin, South Korea
Jayanta Narayan De Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
Amit Kumar Nayak Department of Pharmaceutics, Seemanta Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Mayurbhanj, Odisha, India
Malleshappa N. Noolvi Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shree Dhanvantary Pharmacy
College, Kim, Surat, India
Michael Nugent Athlone Institute of Technology, Materials Research Institute, Athlone, Co.
Westmeath, Ireland
Mar´ıa Natalia Pacho Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales,
Departamento de Qu´ımica Orga´nica, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad Auto´noma de Buenos Aires,
Argentina; Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR)-CONICET-UBA,
Ciudad Auto´noma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
Ivana Pajic-Lijakovic Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade,
Serbia
Pritish Kumar Panda Pharmaceutics Research Projects Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceu-
tical Sciences, Dr Hari Singh Gour Central University, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India
xix
List of contributors
Zhiqing Pang Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key
Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
Versha Parcha Dolphin (PG) Institute of Biomedical & Natural Sciences, Dehradun, Uttarakhand,
India
Sanjukta Patra Centre for Rural Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam,
India
Cristiana Maria Pedroso Yoshida Instituto de Cieˆncias Ambientais, Qu´ımicas e Farmaceˆuticas,
Universidade Federal de Sa˜o Paulo, Diadema, Brazil
Manuela E. Pintado CBQF e Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu´ımica Fina e Laborato´rio Associado,
Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Cato´lica Portuguesa/Porto, Porto, Portugal
Sneha S. Rao Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore,
Karnataka, India
M.E. Bhanoji Rao Calcutta Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology & Allied Health Sciences,
Kolkata, West Bengal, India
Agustin Rasco´n-Chu Research Center for Food and Development, CIAD, A.C., Hermosillo,
Sonora, Mexico
Kakarla Raghava Reddy School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of
Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
P.D. Rekha Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore,
Karnataka, India
Amalesh Samanta Division of Microbiology & Biotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutical
Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
Farheen Sami Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College
of Medicine, Perak, Ipoh, Malaysia
Shivani Saraf Pharmaceutics Research Projects Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Dr Hari Singh Gour Central University, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India
Manoj Kumar Sarangi School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh
University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
Bruno Sarmento CESPU, Instituto de Investigacaeo e Formacaeo Avancada em Cieˆncias e Tecnolo-
gias da Saude, Gandra-PRD, Portugal; i3S - Instituto de Investigac¸a˜o e Inovac¸a˜o em Sau´de,
Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; INEB e Instituto de Engenharia Biome´dica, Universidade
do Porto, Porto, Portugal
Suguna Selvakumaran Department of Biotechnology, School of Science & Engineering, Manipal
International University (MIU) No 1, Putra Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
Kalyan Kumar Sen Department of Pharmaceutics, Gupta College of Technological Sciences,
Asansol, West Bengal, India
Patr´ıcia Severino Universidade Tiradentes, Aracaju´, Brazil
Zahra Shariatinia Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Poly-
technic), Tehran, Iran
xx
List of contributors
Niharika Shiva Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani,
Rajasthan, India
Siddhartha Singha Centre for Rural Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, As-
sam, India
Gautam Singhvi Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani,
Rajasthan, India
Eliana Maria Souto Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Centre of
Biological Engineering (CEB), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
Luiza Steffens Athlone Institute of Technology, Materials Research Institute, Athlone, Co. West-
meath, Ireland; Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto
Alegre e UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Mohammad Tabish Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Saqra University,
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Judith Tanori-Cordova Department of Polymers and Materials Research, University of Sonora,
Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
Ankita Tiwari Pharmaceutics Research Projects Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Dr Hari Singh Gour Central University, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India
Jayachandran Venkatesan Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University),
Mangalore, Karnataka, India
Amit Verma Pharmaceutics Research Projects Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Dr Hari Singh Gour Central University, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India
Patr´ıcia Hissae Yassue-Cordeiro Universidade Tecnolo´gica Federal do Parana´, Londrina, Brazil
Dong Kee Yi Department of Chemistry, Myongji University, Yongin, South Korea
Yuefei Zhu Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Labora-
tory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
xxi
Preface
Moderndriftstowardthe utilization ofnatural polymericmaterialsin numerous healthcare
applicationsdemand the replacementof thesynthetic polymers withthe natural ones
because oftheirbiocompatibility, biodegradability,economicextraction,and readily
availability. The reality behindthe riseinimportance ofthese natural polymericmaterials is
thatthesesourcesarerenewable ifgrownina sustainablemeans and thesecantender
incessantsupply ofraw materials.Amongthesenaturalpolymers,natural polysaccharides
are considered asexcellentbiopolymers because these are nontoxic,stable,swellable,and
biodegradable.Naturalpolysaccharidesare extractedfrom various naturalresources suchas
plants,animals,fungus, seaweeds,etc.Severalresearch innovationshave alreadybeen made
ontheapplications ofthesenaturalpolysaccharides indrugdelivery and biomedical
applications.In thiscontext,thorough understanding ofextraction,purification,
characterization,andapplications ofnaturalpolysaccharidesand theirderivatives fortheir
utilityinvariousdrugdelivery and different biomedical applicationsneed tobe thoroughly
understood.
Thebook “NaturalPolysaccharides inDrugDeliveryandBiomedical Applications”
provides a fundamentaloverview of various natural polysaccharides, theirsources,
extractionmethodologies,characterizations, and theirapplications indrugdeliveryand
biomedicaluses.Itcovers specific natural polysaccharidesof various types and their
effective applications indrugdelivery and biomedical uses. Thisvolumeisa collectionof
26chaptersbytheacademicians and researchers ofpharmaceuticalandbiomedicalfields
across theworld.A conciseaccountonthe contentsofeach chapterhas been described to
providea glimpseof thebook tothe readers.
Chapter 1entitled “NaturalPolysaccharides: Sources and Extraction Methodologies”
describesvarioussources and extractionmethodologiesofnaturalpolysaccharides.
Chapter 2entitled “Pharmaceutical Applications ofNaturalPolysaccharides”dealswith
propertiesofnatural polysaccharides and theirapplicationsincellencapsulation,drug/gene
delivery,proteinbinding, wound healing, tissue engineering, bioimaging,contactlenses and
implants,antibacterialtextiles/papers,and antibacterialfoodadditives/packagingmaterials.
Chapter 3entitled “Sodium alginate indrugdeliveryand biomedical areas” presentsan
account ondifferent physicochemical properties,regulatorystatus,and variousapplications
indrug deliveryeither alone orincombination withotherpolymersfor drugdelivery.
xxiii
Preface
Chapter 4 entitled“Chitosan inDrug DeliveryApplications”givesan account onthe latest
research onchitosan-based drugdelivery systemsalongwithitsmodificationsand their
future applications.
Chapter 5 entitled“XanthanGum in DrugDeliveryApplications” describes about the
biochemistry, properties,and production ofxanthan gum withitsapplications in
pharmaceuticaldrugdelivery,cosmetic,biomedical,and foodindustries.
Chapter 6 entitled“Gellan gum in DrugDeliveryApplications” presentsa detailedaccount
onsources,structure, and propertiesofgellangum with emphasizingrecent advances
relatedtothedevelopmentofdifferentgellan gumebased drugdelivery systems.
Chapter 7 entitled“GuarGuminDrugDeliveryApplications” givesa detailedaccounton
differenttypesofguargumebased drugdelivery carrierswith specialfocuses ondifferent
dosage formssuch astablets,beads, microspheres,nanoparticles,and hydrogelsin single or
in combinationwith other variety ofbiodegradablepolymers,e.g.,copolymers,grafts,
blends,andinterpenetrating polymernetworks.
Chapter 8 entitled“Locust BeanGum inDrugDeliveryApplication” presentsa detailed
account onthe processing ofthe locustbean gum,theirproperties, synergistic interaction,
anditsapplications inpharmaceuticaldrugdelivery.
Chapter 9 entitled“SterculiaGuminDrugDelivery Applications” givesa detailedaccount
onthe source, composition, properties,and applicationsofsterculiagum, witha
comprehensiveoverview onthe current developmentof differentsterculiagum-based
preparationsindrug delivery.
Chapter 10entitled“Pectinin DrugDeliveryApplications” dealswiththe textreportson
prebioticeffect,hypoglycemiceffect,hypocholesterolemiceffect,the alleged effecton
metastasisand apoptosisincancer cells,and matricesforcontrolled and target-directed
releaseof therapeuticcompounds applications.
Chapter 11entitled“Cashew GuminDrugDeliveryApplications” presentsa comprehensive
anduseful discussion about cashew gum indesigninganddevelopmentofbiodegradable,
biocompatible dosage forms.In addition, thechaptercomprises a briefdiscussion aboutthe
source,isolation, chemical constituents, and properties ofcashew gum.
Chapter 12entitled“Tamarind GuminDrugDeliveryApplications” includesa
comprehensiveanduseful discussion about theapplications oftamarind gum inthe
designingofvariousdrugdelivery systems. Inaddition,the articlealso briefly discusses
about source,isolation, chemical composition, and propertiesoftamarind gum.
Chapter 13entitled“HyaluronicAcid inDrugDeliveryApplications” gives adetailed
account onrecent updatesofhyaluronic acidinthe formulation ofvarious drugdelivery
systems.This chapteralso presentsan insight intothe importance ofhyaluronic aciduses in
thedevelopmentoftargeteddrugvectors.
xxiv
