Natural and Artificial Computation in Engineering and Medical Applications: 5th International Work-Conference on the Interplay Between Natural and Artificial Computation, IWINAC 2013, Mallorca, Spain, June 10-14, 2013. Proceedings, Part II

497 Pages·2013·30.95 MB·English

by  Barry van Veen

José Manuel Ferrández Vicente
José Ramón Álvarez Sánchez
Félix de la Paz López
Fco. Javier Toledo Moreo (Eds.)
Natural and Artificial
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3
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Computation in Engineering
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and Medical Applications
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5th International Work-Conference on the Interplay
Between Natural and Artificial Computation, IWINAC 2013
Mallorca, Spain, June 2013, Proceedings, Part II
123
Lecture Notes in Computer Science 7931
CommencedPublicationin1973
FoundingandFormerSeriesEditors:
GerhardGoos,JurisHartmanis,andJanvanLeeuwen
EditorialBoard
DavidHutchison
LancasterUniversity,UK
TakeoKanade
CarnegieMellonUniversity,Pittsburgh,PA,USA
JosefKittler
UniversityofSurrey,Guildford,UK
JonM.Kleinberg
CornellUniversity,Ithaca,NY,USA
AlfredKobsa
UniversityofCalifornia,Irvine,CA,USA
FriedemannMattern
ETHZurich,Switzerland
JohnC.Mitchell
StanfordUniversity,CA,USA
MoniNaor
WeizmannInstituteofScience,Rehovot,Israel
OscarNierstrasz
UniversityofBern,Switzerland
C.PanduRangan
IndianInstituteofTechnology,Madras,India
BernhardSteffen
TUDortmundUniversity,Germany
MadhuSudan
MicrosoftResearch,Cambridge,MA,USA
DemetriTerzopoulos
UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,CA,USA
DougTygar
UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,CA,USA
GerhardWeikum
MaxPlanckInstituteforInformatics,Saarbruecken,Germany
José Manuel FerrándezVicente
José RamónÁlvarez Sánchez
Félix de la Paz López
Fco. Javier Toledo Moreo (Eds.)
Natural and Artificial
Computation in Engineering
and Medical Applications
5th InternationalWork-Conference on the Interplay
BetweenNaturalandArtificialComputation,IWINAC2013
Mallorca, Spain, June 10-14, 2013
Proceedings, Part II
1 3
VolumeEditors
JoséManuelFerrándezVicente
Fco.JavierToledoMoreo
UniversidadPolitécnicadeCartagena
DepartamentodeElectrónica,TecnologíadeComputadorasyProyectos
Pl.Hospital,1
30201Cartagena,Spain
E-mail:{jm.ferrandez;javier.toledo}@upct.es
JoséRamónÁlvarezSánchez
FélixdelaPazLópez
UniversidadNacionaldeEducaciónaDistancia
E.T.S.deIngeneríaInformática
DepartamentodeInteligenciaArtificial
JuandelRosal,16
28040Madrid,Spain
E-mail:{jras;delapaz}@dia.uned.es
ISSN0302-9743 e-ISSN1611-3349
ISBN978-3-642-38621-3 e-ISBN978-3-642-38622-0
DOI10.1007/978-3-642-38622-0
SpringerHeidelbergDordrechtLondonNewYork
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2013938949
CRSubjectClassification(1998):F.1,F.2,I.2,G.2,I.4-5,J.3-4,J.1
LNCSSublibrary:SL1–TheoreticalComputerScienceandGeneralIssues
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Preface
Living Nature Computing
A trend in computing is the disappearing computer, that is, computers become
part of the environment, part of our daily lives, sharing our personal spaces,
our amusements, even our own bodies - e.g., embedded systems, accompany-
ing robotics, electronic neuroprosthetics. This implies that computing will also
become part of living nature and that computing will be performed by living
nature. We believe it is essentialto articulate the relationshipbetween different
areas of science in order to collaborate and foster a discussion on the interplay
of computing with living natural systems.
Natural computing has two sides: computing inspired by nature and com-
puting in nature. These two sides are usually seen as complementary, but our
meeting is situated at the intersection/interplay of these two sides. We call this
intersection“LivingNatureComputing.”Thetermlivingnatureshouldbetaken
in a broad sense: from cells via animals to humans. Living nature also puts a
focus on natural computing: evolutionary computing and neural networks are
examples ofnaturalcomputing inspired by living nature.DNA computing is in-
cludedasfarasthecomputationtakesplaceinsidelivingnature.Afurtherfocus
is the type of computation: we consider engineered computation as inspired by
living nature.
Six interesting areas are selected, which share aspects of living nature com-
puting, that we would like to promote in our meetings.
– Cognitive Robotics: Cognitive robotic systems, apart from being practical
engineering challenges, are also excellent platforms for experimenting with
situatedandembodiedcognitivetheoriesandmodels,posinginterestingand
hard challenges to theoretical and fundamental cognition issues. As Prof.
Mirasaid:“RoboticsisthemostcompleteparadigminArtificialIntelligence:
it includes, perception, reasoning,and action.”
– Natural Computing: Natural computing refers to computational processes
observed in nature, and to human-designed computing inspired by nature.
When complex natural phenomena are analyzed in terms of computational
processes,ourunderstandingofbothnatureandthe essenceofcomputation
is enhanced. Characteristic for human-designed computing inspired by na-
ture is the metaphoricaluse of concepts, principles, and mechanisms under-
lying natural systems. Natural computing includes evolutionary algorithms,
neural networks, molecular computing, quantum computing, neural mod-
elling, plasticity studies, etc.
– Wetware computation: Wetware computation refers to an organic computer
built from living neurons. Silicon-based microchips have physical limits and
also power dissipation problems. Wetware computing uses biochemistry
VI Preface
instead of silicon for finding better solutions to be used in future electronics
andininformationandcommunicationstechnologies.Moleculesorlivingor-
ganisms may carry electrical charge and may perform computing functions
withlessintegrationorpowerdissipation.Awetwarecomputermaybebuilt
from leech neurons and be capable of performing simple arithmetic opera-
tions and simple pattern-recognition tasks. Another wetware computation
is based on cellular cultures. Cells could be neurons from dissociated hip-
pocampus or cortical tissue, neuroblastoma cells, or even PC12 cells, a cell
line derived from the rat adrenal medulla.
– Quality of Life Technologies: During the last few years, there is an increas-
ing interest in technologies oriented to improve the quality of life of people.
Qualityoflifetechnologies(QoLTs)coverabroadareaofresearchincluding
engineering,computerscience,medicine,psychology,orsocialsciences.Typ-
ical applications of QoLTs include assistance technologies for people with
some kind of disability as, for example, assistive robots, elderly care tech-
nologies,orsmarthomes.However,QoLTsincludepowerfultoolstoimprove
the well-being of individuals and societies in general.
– Biomedical and Industrial Perception Applications: Image understanding is
a research area involving both feature extraction and object identification
withinimagesfromascene,andaposteriortreatmentofthis informationin
ordertoestablishrelationshipsbetweentheseobjectswithaspecificgoal.In
biomedical and industrial scenarios, the main purpose of this discipline is,
givenavisualproblem,tomanageallaspectsofpriorknowledge,fromstudy
start-upand initiation through data collection,quality control,expert inde-
pendent interpretation, to the design and development of systems involving
image processing capable of tackle with these tasks.
– WebIntelligenceandNeuroscience:Thestudyofauser’sbrainwavesapplied
torevealtheimpactofpersonalizedWebcontentopensthedoorforpowerful
collaborations between Web intelligence and neuroscience. The purpose of
thisareaistodiscussthepotentialapplicationsofneurosciencemethodsand
concepts in order to evaluate, design, and develop user satisfaction models
for intelligent websites. Some of the potential research areas to be analyzed
arepersonalizationofWebcontentandWebapplicationdesign.Onthebasis
ofempiricalrecordings,itispossibletorevealwhichfeaturesarerelevantfor
each user, therefore learning how to personalize both content and business
logic in order to improve the overall user satisfaction. Brainwave analysis
can provide the mechanisms to record and measure relevant user behavior
patternsregardingmemory,attention,andothercognitiveaspects.Thedata
obtained by brainwave analysis could guide the development of user satis-
factionmodels,i.e.,conceptualandmathematicalmodelsthatcouldexplain
not only why users are satisfied with the provided content, but also predict
future satisfaction.
We want to study living nature computing using a systems approach. Comput-
ing is not an add-on to the living system, but it is an integral part that is in
symbiosis with the system. In fact, it is often not possible to distinguish the
Preface VII
computational parts from the non computational parts. This wider view of the
computational paradigmgives us more elbow room to accommodate the results
of the interplaybetween nature and computation.The IWINAC forumthus be-
comesamethodologicalapproximation(setofintentions,questions,experiments,
models, algorithms, mechanisms, explanation procedures, and engineering and
computational methods) to the natural and artificial perspectives of the mind
embodiment problem, both in humans and in artifacts. This is the philosophy
of IWINAC meetings, the “interplay”movement between the natural and the
artificial, facing this same problem every two years. This synergistic approach
willpermitusnotonlytobuildnewcomputationalsystemsbasedonthenatural
measurablephenomena,butalsotounderstandmanyoftheobservablebehaviors
inherent to natural systems.
The difficulty of building bridges between natural and artificial computa-
tion is one of the main motivations for the organization of IWINAC 2013. The
IWINAC 2013 proceedings contain the works selected by the Scientific Com-
mittee from more than 100 submissions, after the refereeing process. The first
volume, entitled Natural and Artificial Models in Computation and Biology, in-
cludes all the contributions mainly related to the methodological, conceptual,
formal,andexperimentaldevelopmentsinthefieldsofneurophysiologyandcog-
nitivescience.Thesecondvolume,entitledNaturalandArtificialComputationin
EngineeringandMedical Applications,containsthepapersrelatedtobioinspired
programming strategies and all the contributions related to the computational
solutions to engineering problems in different application domains, especially
health applications,including the CYTED“Artificialand NaturalComputation
for Health”(CANS) researchnetwork papers.
An event of the nature of IWINAC 2013 cannot be organized without the
collaboration of a group of institutions and people who we would like to thank
now, starting with UNED and Universidad Polit´ecnica de Cartagena. The col-
laborationof the UNED associated center was crucial, as was the efficient work
of the Local Organizing Committee, Miguel Angel Va´zquez Segura, and Fran-
cisco J. Perales L´opez with the close collaboration of the Universitat de les
Illes Balears. In addition to our universities, we received financial support from
the Spanish CYTED, Red Nacional en Computaci´on Naturally Artificial and
APLIQUEM s.l..
We want to express our gratefulness to our invited speakers,Rodolfo Llina´s,
from the Department of Physiology and Neuroscience at New York University,
Dario Floreano, from the Laboratory of Intelligent Systems at EPFL (Switzer-
land), and Pedro Go´mez-Vilda, from the Oral Communication Lab “Robert
Wayne Neucomb” in UPM (Spain), for accepting our invitation and for their
magnificent plenary talks.
We would also like to thank the authors for their interestin our calland the
effort in preparingthe papers, conditionsine qua non for these proceedings.We
thank the Scientific and Organizing Committees, in particular the members of
these committees who acted as effective and efficient referees and as promoters
VIII Preface
andmanagersofpreorganizedsessionsonautonomousandrelevanttopicsunder
the IWINAC global scope.
Our sincere gratitude goes also to Springer and to Alfred Hofmann and his
collaborators, Anna Kramer and Elke Werner, for the continuous receptivity,
help efforts,and collaborationin allour jointeditorialventuresonthe interplay
between neuroscience and computation.
Finally, we want to express our special thanks to ESOC S.L., our technical
secretariat, and to Victoria Ramos and Nuria Pastor, for making this meeting
possible, and for arrangingall the details that comprise the organizationof this
kind of event.
Alltheauthorsofpapersinthisvolume,aswellastheIWINACProgramand
Organizing Committees, would like to commemorate the memory of Professor
Mira,whopassedawayfiveyearsago,bothasagreatscientist,withanincredible
dissemination profile, and as best friend. We still carry his memory deep inside
our hearts.
June 2013 Jos´e Manuel Ferra´ndez Vicente
Jos´e R´amon A´lvarez Sa´nchez
F´elix de la Paz L´opez
Fco. Javier Toledo More
Organization
General Chair
Jos´e Manuel Ferra´ndez Vicente, UPCT, Spain
Organizing Committee
Jos´e Ram´on A´lvarez Sa´nchez, UNED, Spain
F´elix de la Paz L´opez, UNED, Spain
Fco. Javier Toledo Moreo, UPCT, Spain
Local Organizing Committee
Miguel A´ngel Va´zquez Segura, UNED, Spain
Francisco J. Perales L´opez, UIB, Spain
Invited Speakers
Rodolfo Llina´s, USA
Dario Floreano, Switzerland
Pedro Go´mez-Vilda, Spain
Field Editors
Manuel Arias Calleja, Spain
Manuel Luque Gallego, Spain
Juan Jos´e Pantrigo,Spain
Antonio Sanz, Spain
Daniel Ruiz, Spain
Javier De Lope Asia´ın, Spain
Dar´ıo Maravall Go´mez-Allende, Spain
Antonio Ferna´ndez Caballero,Spain
Rafael Mart´ınez Tom´as, Spain
Oscar Mart´ınez Mozos, Spain
Mar´ıa Consuelo Bastida Jumilla, Spain
Rosa Mar´ıa Mench´on Lara, Spain
Luis Mart´ınez Otero, Spain
Eduardo Sa´nchez Vila, Spain
X Organization
International Scientific Committee
Andy Adamatzky, UK
Michael Affenzeller, Austria
Abraham Ajith, Norway
Amparo Alonso Betanzos, Spain
Jose Ramon Alvarez-Sanchez, Spain
Diego Andina, Spain
Davide Anguita, Italy
Manuel Arias Calleja, Spain
Jos´e M. Azor´ın, Spain
Margarita Bachiller Mayoral,Spain
Antonio Bahamonde, Spain
Dana Ballard, USA
Emilia I. Barakova,The Netherlands
Alvaro Barreiro,Spain
Senen Barro Ameneiro, Spain
M-Consuelo Bastida-Jumilla,Spain
Francisco Bellas, Spain
Guido Bologna, Switzerland
Paula Bonomini, Argentina
Juan Botia, Spain
Franc¸ois Bremond, France
Giorgio Cannata, Italy
Enrique J. Carmona Suarez, Spain
German Castellanos-Dominguez,Colombia
Joaquin Cerda Boluda, Spain
Alexander Cerquera, Colombia
Enric Cervera Mateu, Spain
Antonio Chella, Italy
Santi Chillemi, Italy
Eris Chinellato, Spain
Carlos Colodro-Conde,Spain
Ricardo Contreras,Chile
Erzsebet Csuhaj-Varju, Hungary
Jose Manuel Cuadra Troncoso, Spain
Felix de la Paz Lopez, Spain
Javier de Lope, Spain
Erik De Schutter, Belgium
Angel P. del Pobil, Spain
Ana E. Delgado Garc´ıa, Spain
Jose Dorronsoro,Spain
Gerard Dreyfus, France
Richard Duro, Spain
Reinhard Eckhorn,Germany
Patrizia Fattori, Italy