Table Of ContentNATIONALISM AND WAR
Nationalism
and War
JOHN HUTCHINSON
1
OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,22/12/2016,SPi
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In Memory of Professor Anthony D. Smith (1939–2016)
Preface and Acknowledgements
This book has had a long gestation of over ten years, during which I have
discovered (and continue to discover) fascinating studies in many different
fields.Evennow,IbelieveifIhadtimetoreadanother200booksandarticles,
Iwouldonlybescratchingatthesurfaceofthisenormoussubject.
Variouspeoplecontributedwittinglyorunwittinglytothisbook.Professor
Steven Grosby made useful suggestions. I would like to thank the four
anonymous reviewers of my manuscript for helpful criticisms which have
helped me improve the book. I am also indebted to Professor Joep Leerssen,
whocommentedontwochapters.Thefaultsthatremainaremineentirely.
I would like to acknowledge the participants at several venues to whom
Ipresentedsomeofthismaterialinearlierforms.Theseincludedtheconfer-
ence ‘Beyond the nation?’ at Queen’s University, Belfast; several meetings of
theAustralasianAssociationofEuropeanHistorians;andtheUCSIASummer
Workshop on Religion, Culture, and Society. I am grateful to Dr Sibylle
Scheipers for her invitation to speak at the very stimulating conference ‘Post
Heroic War’, organized as part of ‘The Changing Character of War’ pro-
gramme at Oxford University and for her astute comments on a chapter
Icontributedtothesubsequentbookcollection.
Ihaveconsiderablyrevisedandextendedpartsofthisbookwhichhavebeen
published before. I thank the publishers for permission to publish material
fromthefollowing:
‘WarfareandtheSacralisationofNations:TheMeanings,RitualsandPolitics
of National Remembrance’, Millennium: Journal of International Studies,
38(2)2009,pp.401–17.
‘NationalismandViolence’,inKeithBreenandShaneO'Neill(eds.),Afterthe
Nation?CriticalReflectionsonNationalismandPostnationalism.Basingstoke:
PalgraveMacmillan,2010,pp.120–38.
‘PublicRitualandRemembrance:BeyondtheNation-State?’,inSibylleScheipers
(ed.), Heroism and the Changing Character of War: Toward Post-Heroic
Warfare?Basingstoke:PalgraveMacmillan,2014,pp.349–66.
I thank the Government department of London School of Economics for
granting me two sabbaticals, which gave me time to think and read. I have
learned much from the students who took my MSc course ‘Warfare and
National Identity’, from the many doctoral students and academic visitors
viii PrefaceandAcknowledgements
whoattendedtheLSEPhDWorkshoponNationalismandEthnicity,andfrom
conversations with my (now former) colleague, Professor John Breuilly. The
annualconferencesorganizedbytheAssociationofEthnicityandNationalism
(ASEN)attheLSEalsoprovidedconsiderableintellectualstimulus.Itisamatter
ofdeeppersonalregretthatthegreattraditionofnationalismstudiesattheLSE,
institutionalizedbyAnthonySmithandstretchingfromElieKedourie,Ernest
Gellner, Kenneth Minogue, Anthony Smith, James Mayall, and Brendan
O’LearytoJohnBreuilly,maybecomingtoanend.
Finally, I would like to dedicate this book to the memory of my teacher
Professor Anthony D. Smith, who died just as this book was going into
production.AnthonySmithwasnotonlyatrulygreatscholarofnationalism
butalsoadearfriendandinspirationtomeincountlessways.I,withhismany
former students, feel a deep sense of loss at his passing. A man of profound
learningandoriginalthought,hewrotewithgreatpenetrationonthesubject
of nationalism and war, as he did onso many aspects of nationalism. To my
regrethewasunabletoreadanypartofmymanuscriptbecauseofillness.In
spiteofitsimperfections,Ihopethatthisbookisnotunworthyofhismemory.
JohnHutchinson
LondonSchoolofEconomics
July2016
OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,22/12/2016,SPi
Contents
Introduction 1
1. EuropeanWar-MakingandtheRiseofNationStates 12
Introduction 12
Tilly/MannandtheMilitaryRevolution 13
Warfare,NationalIdentity,andStateFormation 21
ModernistCounterclaims 27
Warfare,StateFragility,andRegenerativeNationalism 30
War,Citizenship,andtheEstablishmentofMassNational
Solidarities 36
FirstWorldWar:DemocratizationandDictatorship 42
WarsasCriticalJunctures 45
WarandaWorldSystemofNationStates 46
Conclusion 49
2. Warfare,Memorialization,andtheFormationofNational
Communities 50
Introduction 50
WarfareandtheSacredFoundationsofNations 52
MythsandMeanings 52
WarExperiencesandCollectiveSelf-Differentiation 57
WarMobilization,CollectiveRituals,andSymbols 59
Long-TermSocialandPoliticalMissions 63
TheNationasCommunityofSacrifice 65
CommemorationandNationalUnity 65
MythsvsRealitiesofPopularRevolts 68
Nationalism,InterstateWar,andCollectiveSacrifice 70
MythConstruction,Identity,andPolitics 72
OldandNewMyths 76
DenationalizingWars? 80
PacificandMartialNations 82
3. Warfare,ImperialCollapse,andtheMassCreation
ofNationStates 86
Introduction 86
GeopoliticalPowervsNationalistIdeology 89
War,Nationalism,andtheImperialDissolution 92
FallofDynasticContinentalEmpires 92
TheDissolutionoftheEuropeanNation-StateOverseasEmpires 98
